Module Fifteen: Scrolling Back
Once upon a bygone era, in a realm not quite medieval but perched delicately on the precipice of antiquity, Western literature transcended mere ink on parchment; it pulsated as the lifeblood of society, expounding ideals, ethics, and occasional bouts of religious fervor akin to an over-caffeinated barista. Let us delve into this tumultuous tapestry with all the wit and irreverence at our disposal, ready to entertain and enlighten.
Imagine ancient Greece, where toga parties were less about cheap libations and more about epic poems that rendered "Game of Thrones" a mere bedtime tale. Homer, the original raconteur, scripted "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey," resembling Marvel blockbusters but with brooding heroes and fewer explosions (though Cyclops hurling boulders had its cinematic flair). These weren't mere narratives; they served as Instagram filters for the soul, illustrating mortals the art of heroism and gods the drama of being seriously extra.
But hold your gyro wrap, for while the Greeks pioneered democracy and pondered profoundly in Plato's 'Republic,' they also laid the groundwork for sidelining women faster than Socrates could down hemlock. Ancient Greek literature pondered life's meaning, yet for Xena, Warrior Princess, leadership meant more distress damsel than Amazonian bravado. Despite this, women like Sappho and Euripides heroines left their mark on the literary landscape, challenging societal norms and giving voice to the female experience.
Fast forward to medieval Europe, where monks reigned as original influencers, not on TikTok but in candlelit scriptoria, meticulously copying texts as if their Wi-Fi depended on it. The Bible emerged as the ultimate bestseller, not just for its plot twists but for dictating laws swifter than Moses in a hurry. Medieval literature wasn't just about salvation; it safeguarded knowledge akin to your grandma's secret lasagna recipe, ensuring Aquinas could blend Aristotle with Christianity sans theological lumps.
However, medieval Europe wasn't all Gregorian chants and illuminated manuscripts. The Inquisition rivaled cancel culture on steroids, incinerating heretical texts quicker than a medieval Kindle fire. Disagreeing with the Church might land you atop a stake or subject to a fiery sermon.
Why should we care today? Because, dear reader, Western civilization didn't emerge fully formed like Athena from Zeus's skull. The Renaissance wasn't a random stumble upon a library card; it dawned upon rediscovering those ancient Greek texts, realizing their revolutionary potential was more profound than any TikTok trend. These texts, with their questioning of authority and embrace of humanism, laid the groundwork for our modern society. Suddenly, humanism was in vogue, and authority was questioned—akin to when parents discovered Facebook and thought they invented social media.
In summation, delving into pre-1500 CE Western literature transcends perusing old tomes; it entails comprehending the chaotic, paradoxical, occasionally brilliant odyssey that shaped our present. It's unraveling the legacy of sexism, censorship, and divine whimsy that defined our cultural baggage. So strap in, my compatriot of historical absurdity, for this journey has more twists than a daytime soap opera, and trust me, the drama unfolds with scholarly finesse and a sprinkling of wry humor. Are you ready to embark on this captivating journey of discovery?
THE RUNDOWN
QUESTIONS
Imagine ancient Greece, where toga parties were less about cheap libations and more about epic poems that rendered "Game of Thrones" a mere bedtime tale. Homer, the original raconteur, scripted "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey," resembling Marvel blockbusters but with brooding heroes and fewer explosions (though Cyclops hurling boulders had its cinematic flair). These weren't mere narratives; they served as Instagram filters for the soul, illustrating mortals the art of heroism and gods the drama of being seriously extra.
But hold your gyro wrap, for while the Greeks pioneered democracy and pondered profoundly in Plato's 'Republic,' they also laid the groundwork for sidelining women faster than Socrates could down hemlock. Ancient Greek literature pondered life's meaning, yet for Xena, Warrior Princess, leadership meant more distress damsel than Amazonian bravado. Despite this, women like Sappho and Euripides heroines left their mark on the literary landscape, challenging societal norms and giving voice to the female experience.
Fast forward to medieval Europe, where monks reigned as original influencers, not on TikTok but in candlelit scriptoria, meticulously copying texts as if their Wi-Fi depended on it. The Bible emerged as the ultimate bestseller, not just for its plot twists but for dictating laws swifter than Moses in a hurry. Medieval literature wasn't just about salvation; it safeguarded knowledge akin to your grandma's secret lasagna recipe, ensuring Aquinas could blend Aristotle with Christianity sans theological lumps.
However, medieval Europe wasn't all Gregorian chants and illuminated manuscripts. The Inquisition rivaled cancel culture on steroids, incinerating heretical texts quicker than a medieval Kindle fire. Disagreeing with the Church might land you atop a stake or subject to a fiery sermon.
Why should we care today? Because, dear reader, Western civilization didn't emerge fully formed like Athena from Zeus's skull. The Renaissance wasn't a random stumble upon a library card; it dawned upon rediscovering those ancient Greek texts, realizing their revolutionary potential was more profound than any TikTok trend. These texts, with their questioning of authority and embrace of humanism, laid the groundwork for our modern society. Suddenly, humanism was in vogue, and authority was questioned—akin to when parents discovered Facebook and thought they invented social media.
In summation, delving into pre-1500 CE Western literature transcends perusing old tomes; it entails comprehending the chaotic, paradoxical, occasionally brilliant odyssey that shaped our present. It's unraveling the legacy of sexism, censorship, and divine whimsy that defined our cultural baggage. So strap in, my compatriot of historical absurdity, for this journey has more twists than a daytime soap opera, and trust me, the drama unfolds with scholarly finesse and a sprinkling of wry humor. Are you ready to embark on this captivating journey of discovery?
THE RUNDOWN
- Ancient Greek literature (5th century BCE): Epic poems like Homer's "Iliad" and "Odyssey" shaped early Western ideas of heroism and gods' influence on humans, laying foundations for ethical and political thought.
- Classical philosophy (4th century BCE): Plato's "Republic" explored justice and governance, influencing Western political theory, while Aristotle's "Poetics" established principles of literary criticism still studied today.
- Medieval Christian texts (5th-15th centuries CE): The Bible and works by scholars like Thomas Aquinas synthesized theology and philosophy, guiding moral and legal systems in Western Europe.
- Manuscript preservation (5th-15th centuries CE): Monastic scribes preserved ancient Greek and Roman texts, ensuring continuity of classical knowledge and influencing Renaissance thinkers.
- Renaissance revival (14th-16th centuries CE): Rediscovery of classical texts during the Renaissance sparked a revival of humanism, promoting individualism and scientific inquiry in Western thought.
- Inquisition and censorship (12th-17th centuries CE): The Inquisition used literature to enforce religious orthodoxy, suppressing dissent and limiting intellectual diversity in medieval Europe.
QUESTIONS
- How do Homer's epic poems, like the "Iliad" and "Odyssey," reflect the values and beliefs of ancient Greek society?
- Discuss the role of scholars like Thomas Aquinas in synthesizing theology and philosophy during the Middle Ages.
- How did the rediscovery of classical texts during the Renaissance contribute to the revival of humanism?
#15: Don't Lose Your Humanity
History is a grand tapestry woven with humanity's triumphant moments and blunders—a vast narrative where names, dates, and battles can quickly become tangled. Yet, beneath the surface, history offers authentic stories that capture events and the raw emotions of those who lived through them. Some of these stories seem as incongruous as a vegetarian at a barbecue or a gravity denier in a space agency.
Take the Tokyo air raid of 1945. On the surface, it's a grim statistic, a mere footnote in the annals of warfare. But imagine the anguish of a mother sifting through the rubble, searching desperately for her child amidst the devastation. Suddenly, those 100,000 lives lost aren't just numbers—they're individual heartbeats extinguished in an instant. War is not merely a clash of armies; it's a collision of human souls, leaving indelible scars.
Consider the Holocaust—six million Jews were exterminated. It's more than a staggering number; it's a mosaic of Elie Wiesel's deepest fears, Anne Frank's shattered dreams, and the silent screams echoing within the walls of Auschwitz. Wiesel's "Night" doesn't just recount; it plunges you into darkness, challenging you to confront the unimaginable, much like enduring a gut-wrenching marathon of "Black Mirror."
He is switching gears to the Civil Rights Movement of the '50s and '60s—America's tumultuous journey toward unity. James Baldwin's "Notes of a Native Son" is more than literature; it's a clarion call. Baldwin doesn't merely discuss racism; he embodies it, confronts it, and throws it back at society with a forceful slap. America has a history of dishing out plenty of nonsense, and Baldwin brings it back.
So, what's the overarching theme? Stories humanize history and illuminate its quirks. We can send cars into space but need help feeding our planet. We erect towers that touch the heavens yet grapple with lifting people out of poverty. It's as if our world was designed by an amateur who earned their diploma from a cereal box.
But stories aren't without their flaws. They're messy, colored by perspective, and sometimes as reliable as a fast-food diet. Confederate soldier journals, for example, are captivating but rife with bias—like trying to solve a puzzle with missing pieces and some from entirely different sets.
So, where does this leave us? With a history as imperfect and enthralling as the people who chronicle it. While stories can be as unreliable as a stormy weather forecast, they offer our best glimpse into the human experience. After all, we're all navigating this unpredictable journey, deciphering a world that often speaks in cryptic riddles.
Ultimately, history isn't just about the past; it mirrors our present and shapes our future. It's a distorted funhouse mirror reflecting our triumphs, blunders, and peculiar choices—whether it's topping pizza with pineapple or electing a reality TV star as a leader. So, let's embrace the chaos, contradictions, and sheer absurdity because that makes us human. And if history teaches us anything, being human is one wild, unpredictable adventure.
RUNDOWN
STATE OF THE WORLD
History is a grand tapestry woven with humanity's triumphant moments and blunders—a vast narrative where names, dates, and battles can quickly become tangled. Yet, beneath the surface, history offers authentic stories that capture events and the raw emotions of those who lived through them. Some of these stories seem as incongruous as a vegetarian at a barbecue or a gravity denier in a space agency.
Take the Tokyo air raid of 1945. On the surface, it's a grim statistic, a mere footnote in the annals of warfare. But imagine the anguish of a mother sifting through the rubble, searching desperately for her child amidst the devastation. Suddenly, those 100,000 lives lost aren't just numbers—they're individual heartbeats extinguished in an instant. War is not merely a clash of armies; it's a collision of human souls, leaving indelible scars.
Consider the Holocaust—six million Jews were exterminated. It's more than a staggering number; it's a mosaic of Elie Wiesel's deepest fears, Anne Frank's shattered dreams, and the silent screams echoing within the walls of Auschwitz. Wiesel's "Night" doesn't just recount; it plunges you into darkness, challenging you to confront the unimaginable, much like enduring a gut-wrenching marathon of "Black Mirror."
He is switching gears to the Civil Rights Movement of the '50s and '60s—America's tumultuous journey toward unity. James Baldwin's "Notes of a Native Son" is more than literature; it's a clarion call. Baldwin doesn't merely discuss racism; he embodies it, confronts it, and throws it back at society with a forceful slap. America has a history of dishing out plenty of nonsense, and Baldwin brings it back.
So, what's the overarching theme? Stories humanize history and illuminate its quirks. We can send cars into space but need help feeding our planet. We erect towers that touch the heavens yet grapple with lifting people out of poverty. It's as if our world was designed by an amateur who earned their diploma from a cereal box.
But stories aren't without their flaws. They're messy, colored by perspective, and sometimes as reliable as a fast-food diet. Confederate soldier journals, for example, are captivating but rife with bias—like trying to solve a puzzle with missing pieces and some from entirely different sets.
So, where does this leave us? With a history as imperfect and enthralling as the people who chronicle it. While stories can be as unreliable as a stormy weather forecast, they offer our best glimpse into the human experience. After all, we're all navigating this unpredictable journey, deciphering a world that often speaks in cryptic riddles.
Ultimately, history isn't just about the past; it mirrors our present and shapes our future. It's a distorted funhouse mirror reflecting our triumphs, blunders, and peculiar choices—whether it's topping pizza with pineapple or electing a reality TV star as a leader. So, let's embrace the chaos, contradictions, and sheer absurdity because that makes us human. And if history teaches us anything, being human is one wild, unpredictable adventure.
RUNDOWN
- Personal stories humanize historical events, fostering empathy and making them relatable.
- Anecdotal accounts provide diverse viewpoints, shedding light on overlooked aspects of history.
- Survivors' narratives reveal the profound human cost of events like the Tokyo bombing in 1945.
- Elie Wiesel's "Night" offers a harrowing personal account that challenges sanitized views of the Holocaust.
- James Baldwin's "Notes of a Native Son" illuminates the systemic racism faced during the Civil Rights Movement.
- Confederate soldier diaries from the Civil War offer valuable but biased insights, requiring critical evaluation for a complete understanding.
STATE OF THE WORLD
In the diverse tapestry of 750 BCE, our world was a bustling bazaar of cultures, ideas, and inventions, swirling together like a celestial smoothie with an unexpected twist of irony. Mesopotamia, the pulsating heart, was where Assyrians, Babylonians, and Elamites shaped civilizations, each with their unique contributions. Egypt's New Kingdom, with its pharaohs erecting pyramids that would humble modern architects, stood as a testament to the grandeur of human achievement. Across the ancient Near East, from Anatolia to Syria, civilizations like the Hittites and Phoenicians engaged in spirited rivalries over coastal supremacy and literary finesse, each with their distinct cultural identities. In a time of Archaic identity crisis, Greece witnessed the emergence of Athens and Sparta as cultural powerhouses, each with their unique political systems and cultural practices. The Iron Age brought technological leaps akin to today's rapid advancements, while trade routes crisscrossed continents like medieval GPS mishaps, exchanging goods, ideas, and the occasional juicy rumor. Hierarchical societies saw kings and priests wielding authority and inventing deities, while polytheistic religions promised bountiful harvests and military victories in exchange for sacrificial goats. Epic poetry flourished, monumental architecture rose, and empires like the Neo-Assyrians and Egypt's New Kingdom rose to dominance, shaping a landscape where every city-state, farmer, and philosopher defined the ancient world's drama, innovation, and sheer eccentricity.
HIGHLIGHTS
We've got some fine classroom lectures coming your way, all courtesy of the RPTM podcast. These lectures will take you on a wild ride through history, exploring everything from ancient civilizations and epic battles to scientific breakthroughs and artistic revolutions. The podcast will guide you through each lecture with its no-nonsense, straight-talking style, using various sources to give you the lowdown on each topic. You won't find any fancy-pants jargon or convoluted theories here, just plain and straightforward explanations anyone can understand. So sit back and prepare to soak up some knowledge.
LECTURES
LECTURES
- UNDER CONSTRUCTION!
The Reading section—a realm where our aspirations of enlightenment often clash with the harsh realities of procrastination and the desperate reliance on Google. We soldier on through dense texts, promised 'broadening perspectives' but often wrestling with existential dread and academic pressure. With a healthy dose of sarcasm and a strong cup of coffee, I'll be your guide on this wild journey from dusty tomes to the murky depths of postmodernism. In the midst of all the pretentious prose, there's a glimmer of insight: we're all in this together, united in our struggle to survive without losing our sanity.
READING
This class utilizes the following textbook:
Sherman, Dennis, and Joyce Salisbury. The West in the World. 5th ed. McGraw Hill, 2013.
In the whirlwind of academia, where tweed jackets and discussions about the best coffee spot reign, Joyce Salisbury and Dennis Sherman stand out as the rebels of historical scholarship. Armed with Salisbury's Ph.D. in medieval history from Rutgers University and Sherman's academic journey from UC Berkeley to the University of Michigan, they challenge the conventional norms with their scholarly prowess and irreverent wit. Salisbury fearlessly delves into ancient violence with works like "The Blood of Martyrs" and uncovers forgotten tales of resilience in "The Encyclopedia of Women in the Ancient World." Meanwhile, Sherman, akin to an academic Indiana Jones, roams the globe contemplating French history in Parisian cafes and making history accessible with titles like "A Short History of Western Civilization." Together, they disrupt the ivory tower with their unapologetic approach and thirst for asking the tough questions.
As a dynamic duo, Salisbury and Sherman defy the stereotype of the stuffy historian. Their partnership merges Salisbury's pen, mightier than Excalibur itself, with Sherman's knack for weaving accessible narratives. They're not just scholars but cultural provocateurs challenging the status quo. So, here's to raising a glass (or a quill) to these academic renegades, who breathe life into the dusty corridors of historical scholarship with their relentless curiosity and scholarly swagger.
RUNDOWN
READING
- Chapter 15. Competing for Power and Wealth: The Old Regime, 1715-1789
This class utilizes the following textbook:
Sherman, Dennis, and Joyce Salisbury. The West in the World. 5th ed. McGraw Hill, 2013.
In the whirlwind of academia, where tweed jackets and discussions about the best coffee spot reign, Joyce Salisbury and Dennis Sherman stand out as the rebels of historical scholarship. Armed with Salisbury's Ph.D. in medieval history from Rutgers University and Sherman's academic journey from UC Berkeley to the University of Michigan, they challenge the conventional norms with their scholarly prowess and irreverent wit. Salisbury fearlessly delves into ancient violence with works like "The Blood of Martyrs" and uncovers forgotten tales of resilience in "The Encyclopedia of Women in the Ancient World." Meanwhile, Sherman, akin to an academic Indiana Jones, roams the globe contemplating French history in Parisian cafes and making history accessible with titles like "A Short History of Western Civilization." Together, they disrupt the ivory tower with their unapologetic approach and thirst for asking the tough questions.
As a dynamic duo, Salisbury and Sherman defy the stereotype of the stuffy historian. Their partnership merges Salisbury's pen, mightier than Excalibur itself, with Sherman's knack for weaving accessible narratives. They're not just scholars but cultural provocateurs challenging the status quo. So, here's to raising a glass (or a quill) to these academic renegades, who breathe life into the dusty corridors of historical scholarship with their relentless curiosity and scholarly swagger.
RUNDOWN
- Between 1715 and 1789, life for most people in the Western world seemed to change slowly.
- The majority of people still lived in rural areas and worked on farms.
- Society and politics were mainly controlled by the aristocracy and monarchy.
- Cultural traditions continued to emphasize the values of the upper classes over commoners.
- Some monarchs in places like Russia and Prussia tried to reform and act like "enlightened" rulers, while others did not.
- Despite appearances, significant changes were happening in the West during this time.
- Power dynamics shifted with Russia rising in the east and Britain gaining influence in the west.
- Global success often depended on how well countries managed their internal affairs.
- Economic changes like increased commerce, the agricultural revolution, and cottage industries created new wealth.
- This wealth was linked to expanding trade and conflicts over colonial empires among Western nations.
- In British North America, the American Revolution challenged the existing order.
- Enlightenment ideas spread during this period, setting the stage for future transformations in Western societies.
Howard Zinn was a historian, writer, and political activist known for his critical analysis of American history. He is particularly well-known for his counter-narrative to traditional American history accounts and highlights marginalized groups' experiences and perspectives. Zinn's work is often associated with social history and is known for his Marxist and socialist views. Larry Schweikart is also a historian, but his work and perspective are often considered more conservative. Schweikart's work is often associated with military history, and he is known for his support of free-market economics and limited government. Overall, Zinn and Schweikart have different perspectives on various historical issues and events and may interpret historical events and phenomena differently. Occasionally, we will also look at Thaddeus Russell, a historian, author, and academic. Russell has written extensively on the history of social and cultural change, and his work focuses on how marginalized and oppressed groups have challenged and transformed mainstream culture. Russell is known for his unconventional and controversial ideas, and his work has been praised for its originality and provocative nature.
My classes utilize both Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States and Larry Schweikart's Patriot's History of the United States, mostly in excerpts posted to the modules.
My classes utilize both Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States and Larry Schweikart's Patriot's History of the United States, mostly in excerpts posted to the modules.

Zinn, A People's History of the United States
"... Control in modern times requires more than force, more than law. It requires that a population dangerously concentrated in cities and factories, whose lives are tilled with cause for rebellion, be taught that all is right as it is. And so, the schools, the churches, the popular literature taught that to be rich was a sign of superiority, to be poor a sign of personal failure, and that the only way upward for a poor person was to climb into the ranks of the rich by extraordinary effort and extraordinary luck..."
"... Control in modern times requires more than force, more than law. It requires that a population dangerously concentrated in cities and factories, whose lives are tilled with cause for rebellion, be taught that all is right as it is. And so, the schools, the churches, the popular literature taught that to be rich was a sign of superiority, to be poor a sign of personal failure, and that the only way upward for a poor person was to climb into the ranks of the rich by extraordinary effort and extraordinary luck..."

Larry Schweikart, A Patriot's History of the United States
"..Colonial literature likewise focused on religion or otherwise addressed the needs of common folk. This pattern was set with Bradford’s Of Plymouth Plantation, which related the exciting story of the Pilgrims with an eye to the all-powerful role of God in shaping their destiny. Anne Bradstreet, an accomplished seventeenth-century colonial poet who continued to be popular after her death, also
conveyed religious themes and emphasized divine inspiration of human events. Although literacy was widespread, Americans read mainly the Bible, political tracts, and how-to books on farming, mechanics, and moral improvement—not Greek philosophers or the campaigns of Caesar. Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography is a classic example of the American penchant for pragmatic literature that continues to this day. Franklin wrote his Autobiography during the pre-Revolutionary era, though it was not published until the nineteenth century. Several generations of American schoolchildren grew up on these tales of his youthful adventures and early career, culminating with his gaining fame as a Pennsylvania printer, writer, scientist, diplomat, and patriot politician. Franklin’s “13 Virtues”—Honesty, Thrift, Devotion, Faithfulness, Trust, Courtesy, Cleanliness, Temperance, Work, Humility, and so on—constituted a list of personal traits aspired to by virtually every Puritan, Quaker, or Catholic in the colonies..."
"..Colonial literature likewise focused on religion or otherwise addressed the needs of common folk. This pattern was set with Bradford’s Of Plymouth Plantation, which related the exciting story of the Pilgrims with an eye to the all-powerful role of God in shaping their destiny. Anne Bradstreet, an accomplished seventeenth-century colonial poet who continued to be popular after her death, also
conveyed religious themes and emphasized divine inspiration of human events. Although literacy was widespread, Americans read mainly the Bible, political tracts, and how-to books on farming, mechanics, and moral improvement—not Greek philosophers or the campaigns of Caesar. Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography is a classic example of the American penchant for pragmatic literature that continues to this day. Franklin wrote his Autobiography during the pre-Revolutionary era, though it was not published until the nineteenth century. Several generations of American schoolchildren grew up on these tales of his youthful adventures and early career, culminating with his gaining fame as a Pennsylvania printer, writer, scientist, diplomat, and patriot politician. Franklin’s “13 Virtues”—Honesty, Thrift, Devotion, Faithfulness, Trust, Courtesy, Cleanliness, Temperance, Work, Humility, and so on—constituted a list of personal traits aspired to by virtually every Puritan, Quaker, or Catholic in the colonies..."

Thaddeus Russell, A Renegade History of the United States
..After the American Revolution, as we have seen, doctors and political leaders believed that for the new nation to flourish, its citizens needed to exert strict control over their bodies. Benjamin Rush argued for the abolition of both slavery and masturbation. He penned several tracts opposing the slave trade and many more against the evils posed to the republic by self-pleasuring. Rush spoke for virtually the entire American medical profession when he declared that this 'state of degeneracy' must be avoided by 'close application of the mind to business, or study of any kind.' If the patient still succumbed to temptation, Rush prescribed 'a vegetable diet, temperance, bodily labor, cold baths, avoidance of obscenity, music, a close study of mathematics, military glory, and, if all else failed, castor oil.'
Sex of any kind was considered dangerous at best, and, accordingly, it was hunted down and caged. According to Estelle B. Freedmen and John D’Emilio, authors of Intimate Matters, the leading history of American sexuality, a 'prolific sexual advice literature' in the early nineteenth century 'inundated Americans with the message that bodily well-being required that individuals exercise some measure of control over their sexual desires.' To be sure, many free white Americans violated the norm of sexual control—especially among the new urban working class—but those who did were considered to be not only unworthy of citizenship but also, as we have seen during the early national period, threats to the nation itself..."
..After the American Revolution, as we have seen, doctors and political leaders believed that for the new nation to flourish, its citizens needed to exert strict control over their bodies. Benjamin Rush argued for the abolition of both slavery and masturbation. He penned several tracts opposing the slave trade and many more against the evils posed to the republic by self-pleasuring. Rush spoke for virtually the entire American medical profession when he declared that this 'state of degeneracy' must be avoided by 'close application of the mind to business, or study of any kind.' If the patient still succumbed to temptation, Rush prescribed 'a vegetable diet, temperance, bodily labor, cold baths, avoidance of obscenity, music, a close study of mathematics, military glory, and, if all else failed, castor oil.'
Sex of any kind was considered dangerous at best, and, accordingly, it was hunted down and caged. According to Estelle B. Freedmen and John D’Emilio, authors of Intimate Matters, the leading history of American sexuality, a 'prolific sexual advice literature' in the early nineteenth century 'inundated Americans with the message that bodily well-being required that individuals exercise some measure of control over their sexual desires.' To be sure, many free white Americans violated the norm of sexual control—especially among the new urban working class—but those who did were considered to be not only unworthy of citizenship but also, as we have seen during the early national period, threats to the nation itself..."
Once upon a time, in a world not dissimilar to our own (albeit with hats more splendid), literature took center stage in Western civilization, adorned like a peacock in a feathered boa—captivating and orchestrating the evolution of societal norms.
In ancient Greece, where togas reigned and philosophy was as leisurely as a freshly sliced baklava, literature surpassed mere ink on parchment; it playfully acknowledged the state of affairs. From epic poems that quickened pulses to tragedies that moved even Latin-speaking grandmas to tears, Greek literature was more than just entertainment-it was a nuanced guide for refinement. 'Not quoting Homer at dinner parties? Oh, the horror!' This is just a glimpse of the vast and diverse world of literature, waiting to be explored and appreciated.
Leap ahead to modern America, where skyscrapers puncture clouds, and Twitter serves as our oracle. Here, literature deftly maneuvers the marionette strings of our minds from behind the plush velvet of education and ideology. Schools churn out citizens like factory-line hotdogs, each perfectly molded to fit the bun of societal expectations. "Learn this. Believe that. No questions—nod and smile."
But hold on! Let's step into a time machine shaped like an oversized quill pen and zoom back to colonial America, where buckle shoes were the rage and literature smoldered with fire and brimstone. Puritans held sway, penning sermons thicker than their morning porridge, dictating conduct with an iron fist. "Wear bright colors on Sundays? You shall be dunked in the pond!" Their literature wasn't bedtime tales; it was the Bible on overdrive, a moral GPS in a world fixated on spiritual purity and communal conformity.
Then came Benjamin Franklin—more inventive than a mad scientist and wielding a pen mightier than the worst writer's block of his fellow Founding Fathers. In his "Autobiography," Franklin dispensed pearls of wisdom like a grandmother with a scandalous gossip column, preaching the virtues of hard work, thriftiness, and self-made success. "Print that, my boy!"
Post-Revolution, enter Benjamin Rush, a physician prescribing moral fortitude like it was the cure-all of the age. His remedy for a well-ordered society? A strict regimen of discipline, both moral and physical. Too plump from mutton? Off to the stocks with you! Rush's literature wasn't just medical jargon but a manifesto for a robust, wholesome nation akin to a carrot-loving drill sergeant.
From the era of colonial rigidity to the freewheeling ideals of Franklin and the moral exhortations of Rush, literature has stood as the velvet-clad guardian of societal mores. It has mirrored and shaped our evolving stances on identity, morality, and the coveted seats at democracy's 'cool kids' table.'' literature whispers from its venerable pedestal, 'don't merely peruse me—imbibe from me. I've witnessed it all, and I can transform you too.'
Whether you're unrolling ancient scrolls or scrolling through Instagram stories, remember: literature isn't a mere dusty tome on a shelf; it's a quirky mirror reflecting our collective idiosyncrasies and enigmas. It's a rollercoaster journey through the labyrinthine landscapes of human folly and fantastical frailties. And if you listen attentively, it might divulge where we've been, where we're headed, and why a more flamboyant headgear could do us all some good. Literature is not just a relic of the past but a living, breathing part of our present and future, a thread that connects us to our ancestors and guides us into the unknown.
THE RUNDOWN
QUESTIONS
In ancient Greece, where togas reigned and philosophy was as leisurely as a freshly sliced baklava, literature surpassed mere ink on parchment; it playfully acknowledged the state of affairs. From epic poems that quickened pulses to tragedies that moved even Latin-speaking grandmas to tears, Greek literature was more than just entertainment-it was a nuanced guide for refinement. 'Not quoting Homer at dinner parties? Oh, the horror!' This is just a glimpse of the vast and diverse world of literature, waiting to be explored and appreciated.
Leap ahead to modern America, where skyscrapers puncture clouds, and Twitter serves as our oracle. Here, literature deftly maneuvers the marionette strings of our minds from behind the plush velvet of education and ideology. Schools churn out citizens like factory-line hotdogs, each perfectly molded to fit the bun of societal expectations. "Learn this. Believe that. No questions—nod and smile."
But hold on! Let's step into a time machine shaped like an oversized quill pen and zoom back to colonial America, where buckle shoes were the rage and literature smoldered with fire and brimstone. Puritans held sway, penning sermons thicker than their morning porridge, dictating conduct with an iron fist. "Wear bright colors on Sundays? You shall be dunked in the pond!" Their literature wasn't bedtime tales; it was the Bible on overdrive, a moral GPS in a world fixated on spiritual purity and communal conformity.
Then came Benjamin Franklin—more inventive than a mad scientist and wielding a pen mightier than the worst writer's block of his fellow Founding Fathers. In his "Autobiography," Franklin dispensed pearls of wisdom like a grandmother with a scandalous gossip column, preaching the virtues of hard work, thriftiness, and self-made success. "Print that, my boy!"
Post-Revolution, enter Benjamin Rush, a physician prescribing moral fortitude like it was the cure-all of the age. His remedy for a well-ordered society? A strict regimen of discipline, both moral and physical. Too plump from mutton? Off to the stocks with you! Rush's literature wasn't just medical jargon but a manifesto for a robust, wholesome nation akin to a carrot-loving drill sergeant.
From the era of colonial rigidity to the freewheeling ideals of Franklin and the moral exhortations of Rush, literature has stood as the velvet-clad guardian of societal mores. It has mirrored and shaped our evolving stances on identity, morality, and the coveted seats at democracy's 'cool kids' table.'' literature whispers from its venerable pedestal, 'don't merely peruse me—imbibe from me. I've witnessed it all, and I can transform you too.'
Whether you're unrolling ancient scrolls or scrolling through Instagram stories, remember: literature isn't a mere dusty tome on a shelf; it's a quirky mirror reflecting our collective idiosyncrasies and enigmas. It's a rollercoaster journey through the labyrinthine landscapes of human folly and fantastical frailties. And if you listen attentively, it might divulge where we've been, where we're headed, and why a more flamboyant headgear could do us all some good. Literature is not just a relic of the past but a living, breathing part of our present and future, a thread that connects us to our ancestors and guides us into the unknown.
THE RUNDOWN
- Colonial American literature emphasized religious teachings and practical advice for community cohesion, reflecting Puritan values and societal norms focused on spiritual purity and communal discipline.
- Benjamin Franklin's writings during the American Enlightenment promoted virtues like industry, frugality, and self-improvement, advocating for personal success and societal progress through individual effort and autonomy.
- Post-American Revolution, Benjamin Rush advocated strict bodily and moral discipline to maintain national vigor, condemning behaviors like masturbation and prescribing moral and physical disciplines.
- Modern urban societies use education and ideology to influence beliefs and behaviors, shaping societal norms through formal education systems and ideological frameworks.
- Literature across Western civilization has evolved to reflect changing attitudes towards societal norms, morality, and citizenship, mirroring broader societal transformations from agrarian to industrial economies and the expansion of democratic ideals.
- The history of literature serves as a critical lens to understand how societal values and mechanisms of social control have been both reflected and shaped by literary works across different historical periods in Western civilization.
QUESTIONS
- How does formal education influence beliefs and behaviors in modern urban societies? Provide examples of how education shapes societal norms and ideologies today.
- How has literature evolved over time to reflect changing attitudes towards societal norms, morality, and citizenship? Choose a literary work or author to illustrate your answer.
- Why is the study of literature important for understanding historical changes in societal values and norms? Provide examples of how literature has reflected and influenced society across different historical periods.
Prepare to be transported into the captivating realm of historical films and videos. Brace yourselves for a mind-bending odyssey through time as we embark on a cinematic expedition. Within these flickering frames, the past morphs into a vivid tapestry of triumphs, tragedies, and transformative moments that have shaped the very fabric of our existence. We shall immerse ourselves in a whirlwind of visual narratives, dissecting the nuances of artistic interpretations, examining the storytelling techniques, and voraciously devouring historical accuracy with the ferocity of a time-traveling historian. So strap in, hold tight, and prepare to have your perception of history forever shattered by the mesmerizing lens of the camera.
THE RUNDOWN
In a distant era when gods orchestrated mortal lives akin to over-caffeinated reality TV producers, Uruk stood as a city ruled by Gilgamesh, a self-proclaimed demigod with the build of a Mesopotamian Schwarzenegger and an ego capable of eclipsing the sun. His reign wasn't mere kingship but a swaggering spectacle demanding adoration like Oprah distributing cars, and dissenters faced the consequences. Dissatisfied with their leader's demands, the people of Uruk invoked divine intervention, introducing Enkidu, a wild man styled like a troglodyte from a shampoo commercial but with a heart of gold and muscles akin to Goliath's kin. Their encounter wasn't cordial; it was a clash akin to ancient WrestleMania, where divine rights and biceps were debated fervently. Surprisingly, their rivalry blossomed into a legendary bromance, leading Gilgamesh and Enkidu on epic quests, battling monsters and even celestial creatures like the Bull of Heaven. However, divine jealousy intervened, sentencing Enkidu to mortality, prompting Gilgamesh's introspective journey through trials and philosophical musing, culminating in his realization that immortality, like a vegan steakhouse, is a lovely idea but unattainable. Returning to Uruk transformed, he embraced a more enlightened rule, leaving behind the tyrant for a leader who understood the virtue of humanity in divinity. Thus, the tale of Gilgamesh, etched in clay tablets, remains a saga of friendship, heroism, and the unavoidable truth that even the mightiest must face mortality.
In a distant era when gods orchestrated mortal lives akin to over-caffeinated reality TV producers, Uruk stood as a city ruled by Gilgamesh, a self-proclaimed demigod with the build of a Mesopotamian Schwarzenegger and an ego capable of eclipsing the sun. His reign wasn't mere kingship but a swaggering spectacle demanding adoration like Oprah distributing cars, and dissenters faced the consequences. Dissatisfied with their leader's demands, the people of Uruk invoked divine intervention, introducing Enkidu, a wild man styled like a troglodyte from a shampoo commercial but with a heart of gold and muscles akin to Goliath's kin. Their encounter wasn't cordial; it was a clash akin to ancient WrestleMania, where divine rights and biceps were debated fervently. Surprisingly, their rivalry blossomed into a legendary bromance, leading Gilgamesh and Enkidu on epic quests, battling monsters and even celestial creatures like the Bull of Heaven. However, divine jealousy intervened, sentencing Enkidu to mortality, prompting Gilgamesh's introspective journey through trials and philosophical musing, culminating in his realization that immortality, like a vegan steakhouse, is a lovely idea but unattainable. Returning to Uruk transformed, he embraced a more enlightened rule, leaving behind the tyrant for a leader who understood the virtue of humanity in divinity. Thus, the tale of Gilgamesh, etched in clay tablets, remains a saga of friendship, heroism, and the unavoidable truth that even the mightiest must face mortality.
Welcome to the mind-bending Key Terms extravaganza of our history class learning module. Brace yourselves; we will unravel the cryptic codes, secret handshakes, and linguistic labyrinths that make up the twisted tapestry of historical knowledge. These key terms are the Rosetta Stones of our academic journey, the skeleton keys to unlocking the enigmatic doors of comprehension. They're like historical Swiss Army knives, equipped with blades of definition and corkscrews of contextual examples, ready to pierce through the fog of confusion and liberate your intellectual curiosity. By harnessing the power of these mighty key terms, you'll possess the superhuman ability to traverse the treacherous terrains of primary sources, surf the tumultuous waves of academic texts, and engage in epic battles of historical debate. The past awaits, and the key terms are keys to unlocking its dazzling secrets.
KEY TERMS
KEY TERMS
- 750 BCE - The "Iliad" and "Odyssey"
- 429 BCE - Oedipus Rex
- 380 BCE - Plato's "Republic"
- 335 BCE - Aristotle's "Poetics"
- 29 BCE - "The Aeneid"
- 8 CE - Ovid's "Metamorphoses"
- 77 CE - Pliny the Elder's "Natural History"
- 86 CE - Martial's "Epigrams"
- 116 CE - Tacitus' "Annals"
- 398 CE - Augustine's "Confessions"
- 700 CE - Beowulf
- 731 CE - Ecclesiastical History of the English People
- 1100 CE - Song of Roland
- 1177 CE - Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart
- 1180 CE - Marie de France's "Lais"
- 1320 CE - Dante's "Divine Comedy"
- 1400 CE - Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales"
- 1405 CE - Christine de Pizan's "The Book of the City of Ladies"
- 1455 CE - Johannes Gutenberg's Bible
- 1470 CE - Thomas Malory's "Le Morte d'Arthur"
DISCLAIMER: Welcome scholars to the wild and wacky world of history class. This isn't your granddaddy's boring ol' lecture, baby. We will take a trip through time, which will be one wild ride. I know some of you are in a brick-and-mortar setting, while others are in the vast digital wasteland. But fear not; we're all in this together. Online students might miss out on some in-person interaction, but you can still join in on the fun. This little shindig aims to get you all engaged with the course material and understand how past societies have shaped the world we know today. We'll talk about revolutions, wars, and other crazy stuff. So get ready, kids, because it's going to be one heck of a trip. And for all, you online students out there, don't be shy. Please share your thoughts and ideas with the rest of us. The Professor will do his best to give everyone an equal opportunity to learn, so don't hold back. So, let's do this thing!
Activity #1: UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Objective:
Activity #1: UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Objective:
Activity #2: UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Ladies and gentlemen, gather 'round for the pièce de résistance of this classroom module - the summary section. As we embark on this tantalizing journey, we'll savor the exquisite flavors of knowledge, highlighting the fundamental ingredients and spices that have seasoned our minds throughout these captivating lessons. Prepare to indulge in a savory recap that will leave your intellectual taste buds tingling, serving as a passport to further enlightenment.
In the intricate waltz of history, literature emerges not merely as words on parchment but as a vivid tapestry woven with the strands of our cultural, political, and philosophical evolution. It's akin to gazing into a hall of mirrors, where each reflection offers a distorted yet illuminating glimpse of our humanity. Let us embark on this intellectually stimulating journey of satire and social critique together, shall we?
Transport yourself to ancient Greece, when gods played with mortals like capricious children flicking ants. Here, Homer's epics—the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey"—were not just narratives of conflict and wandering; they were like binge-watching sessions for the soul, riveting dramas where warriors clashed, gods schemed, and amid the chaos, humanity grappled with questions of honor and destiny. These works entertained and laid the foundation for Western literature, establishing lofty standards for heroism and existential contemplation that subsequent writers would swear by.
Fast forward to the Renaissance, when scholars dusted off the cobwebs of antiquity and declared, "Let's party like it's 1499!" Petrarch and Erasmus were the trendsetters who revived classical texts faster than you could say "revival." They weren't just enthusiasts of the classics; they were the original hipsters, advocating humanism and individual potential as if it were the latest avocado toast craze. The Renaissance wasn't just a revival of art and learning; it marked a cultural shift so significant, it was like dropping the mic on the Middle Ages and paving the way for the Enlightenment. That age of reason when Benjamin Franklin dropped wisdom like "Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and woke."
But let's not overlook the darker episodes. The Inquisition wasn't merely a party pooper; it resembled literature's version of Big Brother meets the Thought Police. The Catholic Church had its own Netflix queue, albeit more like "Books That Shall Not Be Named." Censorship reigned supreme, stifling ideas faster than you could utter "heresy." The Index Librorum Prohibitorum was the ultimate cancel culture, making today's Twitter bans seem like child's play.
And then there's the transformative power of literature: societal influence. From colonial America, where the writings of Thomas Paine ignited the flames of revolution, to today's corporate boardrooms, where leadership books shape management styles, literature has been the original influencer, shaping norms and defining the boundaries of cool. In the 19th century, Harriet Beecher Stowe's 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' played a pivotal role in shaping public opinion about slavery, while in the 20th century, George Orwell's '1984' sounded the alarm on the perils of totalitarianism. It fosters a community like a literary potluck where everyone brings their sacred text, but it has also wielded exclusion like a seasoned weapon, silencing certain voices quicker than you can say, 'Cancel my subscription?'
So why delve into this literary rollercoaster today? It's not merely to impress friends with Shakespearean quips (though that's a perk). It's about delving into our cultural heritage—excavating through the strata of history to comprehend what propels us forward. Literature isn't just a collection of dusty tomes; it's a mirror reflecting our shared anxieties, aspirations, and sometimes dubious fashion choices. It's a testament to the transformative power of literature in reflecting human experiences and wisdom.
Ultimately, the saga of Western literature isn't just a bedtime story for scholars with insomnia. It's a testament to our journey from epic heroes to Instagram influencers, from zealous dogmatists to socially aware poets. It's a wild expedition through the human psyche, where satire and social critique dance hand in hand across the pages, reminding us that while ink may fade, the stories—and the wisdom they impart—endure. So grab your popcorn and literary guide; we're navigating the absurdities with irreverent wit and a sprinkle of existential musing. Welcome to the carnival of Western literature—where each tale walks a tightrope between Enlightenment and simply being human, leaving us with a profound sense of respect and appreciation.
or, in other words:
Transport yourself to ancient Greece, when gods played with mortals like capricious children flicking ants. Here, Homer's epics—the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey"—were not just narratives of conflict and wandering; they were like binge-watching sessions for the soul, riveting dramas where warriors clashed, gods schemed, and amid the chaos, humanity grappled with questions of honor and destiny. These works entertained and laid the foundation for Western literature, establishing lofty standards for heroism and existential contemplation that subsequent writers would swear by.
Fast forward to the Renaissance, when scholars dusted off the cobwebs of antiquity and declared, "Let's party like it's 1499!" Petrarch and Erasmus were the trendsetters who revived classical texts faster than you could say "revival." They weren't just enthusiasts of the classics; they were the original hipsters, advocating humanism and individual potential as if it were the latest avocado toast craze. The Renaissance wasn't just a revival of art and learning; it marked a cultural shift so significant, it was like dropping the mic on the Middle Ages and paving the way for the Enlightenment. That age of reason when Benjamin Franklin dropped wisdom like "Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and woke."
But let's not overlook the darker episodes. The Inquisition wasn't merely a party pooper; it resembled literature's version of Big Brother meets the Thought Police. The Catholic Church had its own Netflix queue, albeit more like "Books That Shall Not Be Named." Censorship reigned supreme, stifling ideas faster than you could utter "heresy." The Index Librorum Prohibitorum was the ultimate cancel culture, making today's Twitter bans seem like child's play.
And then there's the transformative power of literature: societal influence. From colonial America, where the writings of Thomas Paine ignited the flames of revolution, to today's corporate boardrooms, where leadership books shape management styles, literature has been the original influencer, shaping norms and defining the boundaries of cool. In the 19th century, Harriet Beecher Stowe's 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' played a pivotal role in shaping public opinion about slavery, while in the 20th century, George Orwell's '1984' sounded the alarm on the perils of totalitarianism. It fosters a community like a literary potluck where everyone brings their sacred text, but it has also wielded exclusion like a seasoned weapon, silencing certain voices quicker than you can say, 'Cancel my subscription?'
So why delve into this literary rollercoaster today? It's not merely to impress friends with Shakespearean quips (though that's a perk). It's about delving into our cultural heritage—excavating through the strata of history to comprehend what propels us forward. Literature isn't just a collection of dusty tomes; it's a mirror reflecting our shared anxieties, aspirations, and sometimes dubious fashion choices. It's a testament to the transformative power of literature in reflecting human experiences and wisdom.
Ultimately, the saga of Western literature isn't just a bedtime story for scholars with insomnia. It's a testament to our journey from epic heroes to Instagram influencers, from zealous dogmatists to socially aware poets. It's a wild expedition through the human psyche, where satire and social critique dance hand in hand across the pages, reminding us that while ink may fade, the stories—and the wisdom they impart—endure. So grab your popcorn and literary guide; we're navigating the absurdities with irreverent wit and a sprinkle of existential musing. Welcome to the carnival of Western literature—where each tale walks a tightrope between Enlightenment and simply being human, leaving us with a profound sense of respect and appreciation.
or, in other words:
- Ancient Greek literature (5th century BCE): Homer's "Iliad" and "Odyssey" shaped early Western ideas of heroism and gods' influence on humans.
- Classical philosophy (4th century BCE): Plato's "Republic" explored justice and governance, influencing Western political theory, while Aristotle's "Poetics" laid foundations for literary criticism.
- Medieval Christian texts (5th-15th centuries CE): The Bible and Thomas Aquinas's writings merged theology and philosophy, impacting moral and legal systems in Europe.
- Manuscript preservation (5th-15th centuries CE): Monastic scribes in medieval Europe preserved ancient texts, ensuring continuity of classical knowledge.
- Renaissance revival (14th-16th centuries CE): Renaissance thinkers revived classical texts, sparking humanism and renewing interest in arts and literature.
- Inquisition and censorship (12th-17th centuries CE): The Inquisition enforced religious conformity through censorship, limiting intellectual diversity in Europe.
ASSIGNMENTS
Remember all assignments, tests and quizzes must be submitted official via BLACKBOARD
Forum Discussion #016
- Forum Discussion #16
- Quiz #5
Remember all assignments, tests and quizzes must be submitted official via BLACKBOARD
Forum Discussion #016
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Please answer the following question:
We sure had fun this semester, and grew as people. In one paragraph, describe one thing you enjoyed learning about. If this class was a fate worse than death, describe something you would like to learn about NEXT time?
Need help? Remember the Discussion Board Rubric.
We sure had fun this semester, and grew as people. In one paragraph, describe one thing you enjoyed learning about. If this class was a fate worse than death, describe something you would like to learn about NEXT time?
Need help? Remember the Discussion Board Rubric.
Hey, welcome to the work cited section! Here's where you'll find all the heavy hitters that inspired the content you've just consumed. Some might think citations are as dull as unbuttered toast, but nothing gets my intellectual juices flowing like a good reference list. Don't get me wrong, just because we've cited a source; doesn't mean we're always going to see eye-to-eye. But that's the beauty of it - it's up to you to chew on the material and come to conclusions. Listen, we've gone to great lengths to ensure these citations are accurate, but let's face it, we're all human. So, give us a holler if you notice any mistakes or suggest more sources. We're always looking to up our game. Ultimately, it's all about pursuing knowledge and truth.
Work Cited:
Work Cited:
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