Module Nine: Cavemen to Court Jesters
The journey through Western Civilization pre-1500 CE was a testament to humanity's resilience, filled with both its greatest triumphs and cringe-worthy moments. As we delve into the foundations of modern Western society, we encounter all the quirks and catastrophes, but with a darkly comic twist that reminds us of our ability to overcome.
Our journey begins with the epochal Classical Age of Greece, a time when democracy sprouted in Athens with the speed of a scandalous toga evading the paparazzi. Picture Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, their minds buzzing with ideas like intellectuals at a kegger, while the arts scene rivals the drama of today's reality TV. Their legacy? It's not just a lingering toga party hangover, but a profound influence that shapes everything from politics to philosophy, reminding us that democracy was a shining star long before it became an Instagram trend.
Next, we encounter the mighty Roman Republic and Empire, ruling with the precision of a Caesar tossing a salad. Their laws, engineering marvels, and governance were so impeccable that even today's society can't help but be in awe. And let's not forget their pièce de résistance: the rapid spread of Christianity, reshaping Europe's religious landscape at a pace that would make even the most viral meme jealous.
Fast-forward to the Middle Ages, where feudalism was the OG gig economy and Gothic architecture reigned supreme like a medieval influencer's castle. Sure, there were advancements, but let's face it: It was primarily peasants doing the grunt work while lords played real-life Sims.
Then came the Renaissance, a transformative era where creativity flourished like never before. It was a time when individuals like Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Shakespeare, the original influencers, shaped Western culture with their unique styles. The printing press, the OG social media, revolutionized the spread of ideas, demonstrating the immense potential of human creativity.
But amidst the Renaissance's dazzling creativity, we must not overlook the shadows of Western Civilization pre-1500 CE. There were dark chapters of imperialism, slavery, and religious intolerance, lurking like the OG cancel culture. Alexander the Great and the Roman Empire were the Mean Girls of antiquity, conquering and subjugating faster than you can say 'cultural appropriation.'
And the Crusades? Europe's favorite hobby is invading others' lands in the name of religious righteousness. It's religious conflict and violence on steroids, with a side of holy wars and a sprinkle of cultural cluelessness.
So, what's the takeaway from this rollercoaster ride? It's like looking at your reflection after a wild night out—there are things to be proud of, but also many cringe-worthy moments. Understanding our roots is not just a pastime, it's a crucial tool for navigating today's maze. Let's call out the BS and strive for a future of coexistence over conquest. History may have its reruns, but we have the power to rewrite the script.
THE RUNDOWN
QUESTIONS
Our journey begins with the epochal Classical Age of Greece, a time when democracy sprouted in Athens with the speed of a scandalous toga evading the paparazzi. Picture Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, their minds buzzing with ideas like intellectuals at a kegger, while the arts scene rivals the drama of today's reality TV. Their legacy? It's not just a lingering toga party hangover, but a profound influence that shapes everything from politics to philosophy, reminding us that democracy was a shining star long before it became an Instagram trend.
Next, we encounter the mighty Roman Republic and Empire, ruling with the precision of a Caesar tossing a salad. Their laws, engineering marvels, and governance were so impeccable that even today's society can't help but be in awe. And let's not forget their pièce de résistance: the rapid spread of Christianity, reshaping Europe's religious landscape at a pace that would make even the most viral meme jealous.
Fast-forward to the Middle Ages, where feudalism was the OG gig economy and Gothic architecture reigned supreme like a medieval influencer's castle. Sure, there were advancements, but let's face it: It was primarily peasants doing the grunt work while lords played real-life Sims.
Then came the Renaissance, a transformative era where creativity flourished like never before. It was a time when individuals like Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Shakespeare, the original influencers, shaped Western culture with their unique styles. The printing press, the OG social media, revolutionized the spread of ideas, demonstrating the immense potential of human creativity.
But amidst the Renaissance's dazzling creativity, we must not overlook the shadows of Western Civilization pre-1500 CE. There were dark chapters of imperialism, slavery, and religious intolerance, lurking like the OG cancel culture. Alexander the Great and the Roman Empire were the Mean Girls of antiquity, conquering and subjugating faster than you can say 'cultural appropriation.'
And the Crusades? Europe's favorite hobby is invading others' lands in the name of religious righteousness. It's religious conflict and violence on steroids, with a side of holy wars and a sprinkle of cultural cluelessness.
So, what's the takeaway from this rollercoaster ride? It's like looking at your reflection after a wild night out—there are things to be proud of, but also many cringe-worthy moments. Understanding our roots is not just a pastime, it's a crucial tool for navigating today's maze. Let's call out the BS and strive for a future of coexistence over conquest. History may have its reruns, but we have the power to rewrite the script.
THE RUNDOWN
- The Ancient Greeks invented democracy and made cool art and ideas that still influence us today.
- The Romans gave us laws and stuff, and Christianity spread a lot because of them.
- During the Middle Ages, there were kings, fancy churches, and intelligent thinkers, which led to the cool stuff in the Renaissance.
- The Renaissance was when people got super creative and made awesome art, stories, and scientific discoveries.
- Learning about these old times helps us understand where our culture comes from and why we do things the way we do today.
- But it's also important to remember that there were terrible things like wars and slavery back then, and we should learn from those mistakes to be better now.
QUESTIONS
- Studying ancient times helps us understand our culture today. Why is it important to learn about the positive and negative aspects of history, such as wars and slavery?
- How do the ideas and inventions from ancient Greece, Rome, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance influence our daily lives and culture today? Can you give specific examples?
- The past includes terrible things like wars and slavery. What lessons can we learn from these historical events to help create a better future?
#9 Tear Down Your Idols
In the grand tapestry of human experience, statues stand as silent witnesses, casting shadows that echo the narratives of our past triumphs and tribulations. They serve as relics of bygone eras, akin to faded photographs from antiquity, selectively portraying moments of grandeur while conveniently omitting the less savory chapters. Yet, who among us can resist the allure of such carefully curated imagery?
Consider these statues akin to that friend who meticulously curates their social media feed, showcasing only the highlights while conveniently glossing over the mishaps and missteps. They gleam with an air of perfection, perpetually frozen in time like actors on a stage, yet as authentic as a mythical creature performing stunts on a skateboard. Let's delve into the discourse surrounding those contentious Confederate statues. They linger like unwelcome guests at a party, refusing to depart and casting a pall over the atmosphere. While they may have once held sway, the tides of change have washed ashore. It's akin to sporting an outdated fashion statement in a modern era—once trendy, now merely a relic of a bygone era.
Then, the statues commemorating colonial figures scattered across former British dominions, reminiscent of a past relationship that lingers in memory. Though charming in their time, they now serve as reminders of a history marred by exploitation and oppression, a narrative we'd sooner consign to oblivion. Yet amidst the shadows of antiquity, a glimmer of hope emerges. We witness the unveiling of statues honoring the forgotten heroes, the marginalized voices, and those who dared to challenge the status quo. It's akin to a breath of fresh air amidst the staleness of convention, a beacon of light illuminating the obscured corners of our shared history.
So let us dismantle the pedestals of privilege and forge anew—a monument to inclusivity, a testament to our collective narrative, unvarnished and unapologetic. History is not a polished tableau but a mosaic of complexity, a tapestry woven from threads of triumph and tragedy, heroism and villainy. And perhaps, through introspection and humility, we can navigate a future less concerned with superficial perfection and more attuned to the raw authenticity of the human experience. Here's to deconstructing the old to pave the way for the new, embracing the chaos and beauty inherent in our shared journey, and acknowledging that some stories defy the confines of bronze and marble.
RUNDOWN
STATE OF THE WORLD
In the grand tapestry of human experience, statues stand as silent witnesses, casting shadows that echo the narratives of our past triumphs and tribulations. They serve as relics of bygone eras, akin to faded photographs from antiquity, selectively portraying moments of grandeur while conveniently omitting the less savory chapters. Yet, who among us can resist the allure of such carefully curated imagery?
Consider these statues akin to that friend who meticulously curates their social media feed, showcasing only the highlights while conveniently glossing over the mishaps and missteps. They gleam with an air of perfection, perpetually frozen in time like actors on a stage, yet as authentic as a mythical creature performing stunts on a skateboard. Let's delve into the discourse surrounding those contentious Confederate statues. They linger like unwelcome guests at a party, refusing to depart and casting a pall over the atmosphere. While they may have once held sway, the tides of change have washed ashore. It's akin to sporting an outdated fashion statement in a modern era—once trendy, now merely a relic of a bygone era.
Then, the statues commemorating colonial figures scattered across former British dominions, reminiscent of a past relationship that lingers in memory. Though charming in their time, they now serve as reminders of a history marred by exploitation and oppression, a narrative we'd sooner consign to oblivion. Yet amidst the shadows of antiquity, a glimmer of hope emerges. We witness the unveiling of statues honoring the forgotten heroes, the marginalized voices, and those who dared to challenge the status quo. It's akin to a breath of fresh air amidst the staleness of convention, a beacon of light illuminating the obscured corners of our shared history.
So let us dismantle the pedestals of privilege and forge anew—a monument to inclusivity, a testament to our collective narrative, unvarnished and unapologetic. History is not a polished tableau but a mosaic of complexity, a tapestry woven from threads of triumph and tragedy, heroism and villainy. And perhaps, through introspection and humility, we can navigate a future less concerned with superficial perfection and more attuned to the raw authenticity of the human experience. Here's to deconstructing the old to pave the way for the new, embracing the chaos and beauty inherent in our shared journey, and acknowledging that some stories defy the confines of bronze and marble.
RUNDOWN
- Statues, while symbolizing inspiration and national pride, often overlook the flaws and misdeeds of historical figures, distorting the true narrative of history.
- Some statues should be removed as they fail to acknowledge the imperfections of individuals and their ordinary actions, presenting an idealized version of the past.
- History encompasses the collective contributions of communities and marginalized groups, not just the achievements of individual figures immortalized in statues.
- Balancing reverence with critical examination is essential in honoring historical figures, allowing us to draw inspiration while acknowledging their shortcomings.
- Removing statues that prioritize individual figures fosters a more inclusive and representative understanding of history, highlighting diverse voices and perspectives.
- Preservation of statues should prompt reflection on the ongoing struggle for equality and justice, reminding us of the complexities of human behavior and the need for humility in commemoration.
STATE OF THE WORLD
In 776 BCE, human creativity and absurdity intertwined globally, leaving deep marks for future anthropologists to ponder. Ancient Greece saw the first Olympic Games, a mix of nationalism, religious fervor, and competition, with city-states like Athens and Sparta brawling like siblings. The Assyrian Empire flexed its might in the Near East, while the Phoenicians spread their influence and alphabet across the Mediterranean. Egypt's Third Intermediate Period was a political soap opera, China's Zhou Dynasty laid philosophical foundations, and India's Vedic Period saw the rise of Hinduism. Meanwhile, the Olmec civilization in Mesoamerica carved colossal heads and pioneered early writing. Iron revolutionized societies like smartphones today, and evolving writing systems marked humanity's quest to document and decode its existence. Amidst the chaos and competition, the seeds of modern civilization were sown, reflecting the timeless essence of human experience in its triumphs, failures, and persistent absurdity.
HIGHLIGHTS
We've got some fine classroom lectures coming your way, all courtesy of the RPTM podcast. These lectures will take you on a wild ride through history, exploring everything from ancient civilizations and epic battles to scientific breakthroughs and artistic revolutions. The podcast will guide you through each lecture with its no-nonsense, straight-talking style, using various sources to give you the lowdown on each topic. You won't find any fancy-pants jargon or convoluted theories here, just plain and straightforward explanations anyone can understand. So sit back and prepare to soak up some knowledge.
LECTURES
LECTURES
- UNDER CONSTRUCTION!
The Reading section—a realm where our aspirations of enlightenment often clash with the harsh realities of procrastination and the desperate reliance on Google. We soldier on through dense texts, promised 'broadening perspectives' but often wrestling with existential dread and academic pressure. With a healthy dose of sarcasm and a strong cup of coffee, I'll be your guide on this wild journey from dusty tomes to the murky depths of postmodernism. In the midst of all the pretentious prose, there's a glimmer of insight: we're all in this together, united in our struggle to survive without losing our sanity.
READING
This class utilizes the following textbook:
Sherman, Dennis, and Joyce Salisbury. The West in the World. 5th ed. McGraw Hill, 2013.
In the whirlwind of academia, where tweed jackets and discussions about the best coffee spot reign, Joyce Salisbury and Dennis Sherman stand out as the rebels of historical scholarship. Armed with Salisbury's Ph.D. in medieval history from Rutgers University and Sherman's academic journey from UC Berkeley to the University of Michigan, they challenge the conventional norms with their scholarly prowess and irreverent wit. Salisbury fearlessly delves into ancient violence with works like "The Blood of Martyrs" and uncovers forgotten tales of resilience in "The Encyclopedia of Women in the Ancient World." Meanwhile, Sherman, akin to an academic Indiana Jones, roams the globe contemplating French history in Parisian cafes and making history accessible with titles like "A Short History of Western Civilization." Together, they disrupt the ivory tower with their unapologetic approach and thirst for asking the tough questions.
As a dynamic duo, Salisbury and Sherman defy the stereotype of the stuffy historian. Their partnership merges Salisbury's pen, mightier than Excalibur itself, with Sherman's knack for weaving accessible narratives. They're not just scholars but cultural provocateurs challenging the status quo. So, here's to raising a glass (or a quill) to these academic renegades, who breathe life into the dusty corridors of historical scholarship with their relentless curiosity and scholarly swagger.
RUNDOWN
READING
- Chapter 9. The West Struggles and Eastern Empires Flourish: The Late Middle Ages, ca. 1300-1500
This class utilizes the following textbook:
Sherman, Dennis, and Joyce Salisbury. The West in the World. 5th ed. McGraw Hill, 2013.
In the whirlwind of academia, where tweed jackets and discussions about the best coffee spot reign, Joyce Salisbury and Dennis Sherman stand out as the rebels of historical scholarship. Armed with Salisbury's Ph.D. in medieval history from Rutgers University and Sherman's academic journey from UC Berkeley to the University of Michigan, they challenge the conventional norms with their scholarly prowess and irreverent wit. Salisbury fearlessly delves into ancient violence with works like "The Blood of Martyrs" and uncovers forgotten tales of resilience in "The Encyclopedia of Women in the Ancient World." Meanwhile, Sherman, akin to an academic Indiana Jones, roams the globe contemplating French history in Parisian cafes and making history accessible with titles like "A Short History of Western Civilization." Together, they disrupt the ivory tower with their unapologetic approach and thirst for asking the tough questions.
As a dynamic duo, Salisbury and Sherman defy the stereotype of the stuffy historian. Their partnership merges Salisbury's pen, mightier than Excalibur itself, with Sherman's knack for weaving accessible narratives. They're not just scholars but cultural provocateurs challenging the status quo. So, here's to raising a glass (or a quill) to these academic renegades, who breathe life into the dusty corridors of historical scholarship with their relentless curiosity and scholarly swagger.
RUNDOWN
- The fourteenth century saw a series of disasters in Western Europe, including famine and plague, which killed millions and depopulated villages and towns.
- Revolts broke out in towns and the countryside, leading to violence and challenging the existing social order.
- The manorial system, where serfs labored for lords, began to break down, transitioning to a system based on monetary rents and hired labor.
- Survivors of these disasters found better wages and more opportunities in Western Europe.
- The papacy faced significant challenges, including conflicts with the French kings and the Great Schism, which weakened its authority.
- Feudalism and the knightly military system became outdated as new military technologies, like longbows, pikes, and guns, proved more effective.
- Kings began to prefer monetary payments over military service from their vassals.
- New empires with strong autocratic rulers emerged in Eastern Europe, creating a growing divide between Eastern and Western Europe.
- This divide led to different ideas and values developing in Western Europe, significantly influencing its future.
Howard Zinn was a historian, writer, and political activist known for his critical analysis of American history. He is particularly well-known for his counter-narrative to traditional American history accounts and highlights marginalized groups' experiences and perspectives. Zinn's work is often associated with social history and is known for his Marxist and socialist views. Larry Schweikart is also a historian, but his work and perspective are often considered more conservative. Schweikart's work is often associated with military history, and he is known for his support of free-market economics and limited government. Overall, Zinn and Schweikart have different perspectives on various historical issues and events and may interpret historical events and phenomena differently. Occasionally, we will also look at Thaddeus Russell, a historian, author, and academic. Russell has written extensively on the history of social and cultural change, and his work focuses on how marginalized and oppressed groups have challenged and transformed mainstream culture. Russell is known for his unconventional and controversial ideas, and his work has been praised for its originality and provocative nature.
My classes utilize both Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States and Larry Schweikart's Patriot's History of the United States, mostly in excerpts posted to the modules.
My classes utilize both Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States and Larry Schweikart's Patriot's History of the United States, mostly in excerpts posted to the modules.

Zinn, A People's History of the United States
"... Thus, in that inevitable taking of sides which comes from selection and emphasis in history, I prefer to try to tell the story of the discovery of America from the viewpoint of the Arawaks, of the Constitution from the standpoint of the slaves, of Andrew Jackson as seen by the Cherokees, of the Civil War as seen by the New York Irish, of the Mexican war as seen by the deserting soldiers of Scott's army, of the rise of industrialism as seen by the young women in the Lowell textile mills, of the Spanish-American war as seen by the Cubans, the conquest of the Philippines as seen by black soldiers on Luzon, the Gilded Age as seen by southern farmers, the First World War as seen by socialists, the Second World War as seen by pacifists, the New Deal as seen by blacks in Harlem, the postwar American empire as seen by peons in Latin America. And so on, to the limited extent that any one person, however he or she strains, can "see" history from the standpoint of others.
My point is not to grieve for the victims and denounce the executioners. Those tears, that anger, cast into the past, deplete our moral energy for the present. And the lines are not always clear. In the long run, the oppressor is also a victim. In the short run (and so far, human history has consisted only of short runs), the victims, themselves desperate and tainted with the culture that oppresses them, turn on other victims.
Still, understanding the complexities, this book will be skeptical of governments and their attempts, through politics and culture, to ensnare ordinary people in a giant web of nationhood pretending to a common interest. I will try not to overlook the cruelties that victims inflict on one another as they are jammed together in the boxcars of the system. I don't want to romanticize them. But I do remember (in rough paraphrase) a statement I once read: "The cry of the poor is not always just, but if you don't listen to it, you will never know what justice is..."
"... Thus, in that inevitable taking of sides which comes from selection and emphasis in history, I prefer to try to tell the story of the discovery of America from the viewpoint of the Arawaks, of the Constitution from the standpoint of the slaves, of Andrew Jackson as seen by the Cherokees, of the Civil War as seen by the New York Irish, of the Mexican war as seen by the deserting soldiers of Scott's army, of the rise of industrialism as seen by the young women in the Lowell textile mills, of the Spanish-American war as seen by the Cubans, the conquest of the Philippines as seen by black soldiers on Luzon, the Gilded Age as seen by southern farmers, the First World War as seen by socialists, the Second World War as seen by pacifists, the New Deal as seen by blacks in Harlem, the postwar American empire as seen by peons in Latin America. And so on, to the limited extent that any one person, however he or she strains, can "see" history from the standpoint of others.
My point is not to grieve for the victims and denounce the executioners. Those tears, that anger, cast into the past, deplete our moral energy for the present. And the lines are not always clear. In the long run, the oppressor is also a victim. In the short run (and so far, human history has consisted only of short runs), the victims, themselves desperate and tainted with the culture that oppresses them, turn on other victims.
Still, understanding the complexities, this book will be skeptical of governments and their attempts, through politics and culture, to ensnare ordinary people in a giant web of nationhood pretending to a common interest. I will try not to overlook the cruelties that victims inflict on one another as they are jammed together in the boxcars of the system. I don't want to romanticize them. But I do remember (in rough paraphrase) a statement I once read: "The cry of the poor is not always just, but if you don't listen to it, you will never know what justice is..."

Larry Schweikart, A Patriot's History of the United States
... In Democracy in America, the brilliant French observer Alexis de Tocqueville predicted that a highly refined culture was unlikely to evolve in America, largely because of its “lowly” colonial origins. The “intermingling of classes and constant rising and sinking” of individuals in an egalitarian society, Tocqueville wrote, had a detrimental effect on the arts: painting, literature, music, theater, and education. In place of high or refined mores, Tocqueville concluded, Americans had built a democratic culture that was highly accessible but ultimately lacking in the brilliance that characterized European art forms.
Certainly, some colonial Americans tried to emulate Europe, particularly when it came to creating institutions of higher learning. Harvard College, founded in 1636, was followed by William and Mary (1693), Yale (1701), Princeton (1746), the College of Philadelphia (University of Pennsylvania) (1740), and—between 1764 and 1769—King’s College (Columbia), Brown, Queen’s College (Rutgers), and Dartmouth. Yet from the beginning, these schools differed sharply from their European progenitors in that they were founded by a variety of Protestant sects, not a state church, and though tied to religious denominations, they were nevertheless relatively secular. Harvard, for example, was founded to train clergy, and yet by the end of the colonial era only a quarter of its graduates became ministers; the rest pursued careers in business, law, medicine, politics, and teaching. A few schools, such as the College of New Jersey (later Princeton), led by the Reverend John Witherspoon, bucked the trend: Witherspoon transformed Princeton into a campus much more oriented toward religious and moral philosophy, all the while charging it with a powerful revolutionary fervor..."
... In Democracy in America, the brilliant French observer Alexis de Tocqueville predicted that a highly refined culture was unlikely to evolve in America, largely because of its “lowly” colonial origins. The “intermingling of classes and constant rising and sinking” of individuals in an egalitarian society, Tocqueville wrote, had a detrimental effect on the arts: painting, literature, music, theater, and education. In place of high or refined mores, Tocqueville concluded, Americans had built a democratic culture that was highly accessible but ultimately lacking in the brilliance that characterized European art forms.
Certainly, some colonial Americans tried to emulate Europe, particularly when it came to creating institutions of higher learning. Harvard College, founded in 1636, was followed by William and Mary (1693), Yale (1701), Princeton (1746), the College of Philadelphia (University of Pennsylvania) (1740), and—between 1764 and 1769—King’s College (Columbia), Brown, Queen’s College (Rutgers), and Dartmouth. Yet from the beginning, these schools differed sharply from their European progenitors in that they were founded by a variety of Protestant sects, not a state church, and though tied to religious denominations, they were nevertheless relatively secular. Harvard, for example, was founded to train clergy, and yet by the end of the colonial era only a quarter of its graduates became ministers; the rest pursued careers in business, law, medicine, politics, and teaching. A few schools, such as the College of New Jersey (later Princeton), led by the Reverend John Witherspoon, bucked the trend: Witherspoon transformed Princeton into a campus much more oriented toward religious and moral philosophy, all the while charging it with a powerful revolutionary fervor..."

Thaddeus Russell, A Renegade History of the United States
"... While it is undeniably true that the civil rights and black nationalist organizations inspired great numbers of African Americans with visions of black uplift, movement leaders did not succeed in creating a mass commitment to the responsibilities and sacrifices necessary for revolution or for citizenship. The aversion to communal obligation was far greater among the black working class than among whites. As W. E. B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, James Baldwin, and more recent scholars such as Robin D. G. Kelley, David Roediger, Saidiya Hartman, and Roderick Ferguson have suggested, the relatively liberated character of black American culture might very well have been the result of the fact that for most if not all of their history, African Americans have been to some degree excluded from citizenship and therefore far less likely to internalize its repression. It is certainly arguable that having created a culture of freedom out of slavery, segregation, and compulsory labor, when citizenship appeared attainable in the post–World War II period, the black working class demonstrated an unwillingness to relinquish the pleasures of that culture in exchange for their rights. As scholars have moved away from studies of black leaders and toward an examination of African American working-class culture, evidence of this resistance has mounted.
Draft evasion as well as insubordination against commanding officers in the military remained far greater among African Americans than among whites from the two world wars through the Korean and Vietnam wars. During World War I, the only black combat division in the American Expeditionary Force frequently ran away during battles, resulting in the removal of the entire division from the front. There is also substantial anecdotal evidence that during both world wars, large numbers of black men feigned illness or insanity to evade the draft. We have seen that during World War II, black men were more likely than whites to evade the draft. Similarly, historian Gerald Gill has found that draft law delinquency during the Korean War was extraordinarily high in black urban neighborhoods. In the early months of the war, it was estimated that 30 percent of eligible men in Harlem were delinquent in registering. At the national level, approximately 20 percent of those arrested for violating the Selective Service Act from 1951 through 1953 were African American. Black resistance to patriotic obligation peaked during the Vietnam War, when African Americans made up fully one-half of the eligible men who failed to register for the draft..."
"... While it is undeniably true that the civil rights and black nationalist organizations inspired great numbers of African Americans with visions of black uplift, movement leaders did not succeed in creating a mass commitment to the responsibilities and sacrifices necessary for revolution or for citizenship. The aversion to communal obligation was far greater among the black working class than among whites. As W. E. B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, James Baldwin, and more recent scholars such as Robin D. G. Kelley, David Roediger, Saidiya Hartman, and Roderick Ferguson have suggested, the relatively liberated character of black American culture might very well have been the result of the fact that for most if not all of their history, African Americans have been to some degree excluded from citizenship and therefore far less likely to internalize its repression. It is certainly arguable that having created a culture of freedom out of slavery, segregation, and compulsory labor, when citizenship appeared attainable in the post–World War II period, the black working class demonstrated an unwillingness to relinquish the pleasures of that culture in exchange for their rights. As scholars have moved away from studies of black leaders and toward an examination of African American working-class culture, evidence of this resistance has mounted.
Draft evasion as well as insubordination against commanding officers in the military remained far greater among African Americans than among whites from the two world wars through the Korean and Vietnam wars. During World War I, the only black combat division in the American Expeditionary Force frequently ran away during battles, resulting in the removal of the entire division from the front. There is also substantial anecdotal evidence that during both world wars, large numbers of black men feigned illness or insanity to evade the draft. We have seen that during World War II, black men were more likely than whites to evade the draft. Similarly, historian Gerald Gill has found that draft law delinquency during the Korean War was extraordinarily high in black urban neighborhoods. In the early months of the war, it was estimated that 30 percent of eligible men in Harlem were delinquent in registering. At the national level, approximately 20 percent of those arrested for violating the Selective Service Act from 1951 through 1953 were African American. Black resistance to patriotic obligation peaked during the Vietnam War, when African Americans made up fully one-half of the eligible men who failed to register for the draft..."
The rich tapestry of Western Civilization is a narrative teeming with more intrigue and unexpected turns than a thrilling soap opera. In a time predating the reign of smartphones and the emergence of avocado toast as a culinary trend, our predecessors were laying the groundwork for the captivating chaos we now call contemporary life.
Imagine ancient Greece: a hotbed of democracy sprouting like dandelions in Athens. Visualize philosophers like Socrates dropping truth bombs faster than Zeus could hurl thunderbolts. And let's not forget the birth of theater, where tragedies and comedies were the original binge-worthy series, making Netflix seem like child's play. Oh, and who could overlook the Olympics, where athletes paraded their skills in the nude, showing that the ancient Greeks were both ahead of their time and desperately in need of a dress code?
Then there's Rome, the original architects of empires, whose influence is not confined to the pages of history. They gave us aqueducts and Christianity, and yes, they had their fair share of scandals and power struggles. But what's an empire without a little treachery and debauchery? Rome may have fallen, but its legacy lives on in every legal system that's ever made you grumble during jury duty.
And let's not overlook the medieval shindig, where the Catholic Church reigned supreme, and knights in shining armor wandered around, presumably on the lookout for dragons to slay or damsels to rescue. Feudalism was all the rage, and universities were popping up quicker than you could say "student loan debt." It was a time of cultural enlightenment, if by enlightenment you mean everyone was too busy trying not to succumb to the plague to appreciate the finer things in life.
Now, let's shift our focus to the good ol' US of A, where history is not a fixed narrative but a dynamic discourse. Howard Zinn steps in with his 'People's History,' shedding light on the forgotten heroes of American history, from Native Americans to factory workers. It's like the director's cut of the American story, complete with deleted scenes that'll make you question everything you thought you knew about this land of the free.
Then you've got Larry Schweikart waving the red, white, and blue flag with his "Patriot's History," portraying America as the shining beacon of democracy and freedom. It's like a Fourth of July fireworks display in book form, complete with bald eagles soaring majestically across every page.
Let’s not forget Thaddeus Russell, the renegade historian shaking things up with his "Renegade History." Russell shows us that rebellion is part and parcel of the American DNA, from slaves breaking free to hippies dropping out. He reminds us that sometimes, the best way to change the system is to torch it and start afresh.
So, why does any of this matter in the age of TikTok and gluten-free donuts? Because history isn't just about dusty old textbooks and dates you crammed for a test you immediately forgot. It's about understanding where we came from to make sense of where we're going. Whether you're team Zinn, Schweikart, or Russell, one thing's for certain: the human story is one heck of a rollercoaster ride, complete with twists, turns, and more than a few moments that'll have you laughing out loud. So buckle up because this ride's far from over, and it's bound to be wild.
THE RUNDOWN
QUESTIONS
Imagine ancient Greece: a hotbed of democracy sprouting like dandelions in Athens. Visualize philosophers like Socrates dropping truth bombs faster than Zeus could hurl thunderbolts. And let's not forget the birth of theater, where tragedies and comedies were the original binge-worthy series, making Netflix seem like child's play. Oh, and who could overlook the Olympics, where athletes paraded their skills in the nude, showing that the ancient Greeks were both ahead of their time and desperately in need of a dress code?
Then there's Rome, the original architects of empires, whose influence is not confined to the pages of history. They gave us aqueducts and Christianity, and yes, they had their fair share of scandals and power struggles. But what's an empire without a little treachery and debauchery? Rome may have fallen, but its legacy lives on in every legal system that's ever made you grumble during jury duty.
And let's not overlook the medieval shindig, where the Catholic Church reigned supreme, and knights in shining armor wandered around, presumably on the lookout for dragons to slay or damsels to rescue. Feudalism was all the rage, and universities were popping up quicker than you could say "student loan debt." It was a time of cultural enlightenment, if by enlightenment you mean everyone was too busy trying not to succumb to the plague to appreciate the finer things in life.
Now, let's shift our focus to the good ol' US of A, where history is not a fixed narrative but a dynamic discourse. Howard Zinn steps in with his 'People's History,' shedding light on the forgotten heroes of American history, from Native Americans to factory workers. It's like the director's cut of the American story, complete with deleted scenes that'll make you question everything you thought you knew about this land of the free.
Then you've got Larry Schweikart waving the red, white, and blue flag with his "Patriot's History," portraying America as the shining beacon of democracy and freedom. It's like a Fourth of July fireworks display in book form, complete with bald eagles soaring majestically across every page.
Let’s not forget Thaddeus Russell, the renegade historian shaking things up with his "Renegade History." Russell shows us that rebellion is part and parcel of the American DNA, from slaves breaking free to hippies dropping out. He reminds us that sometimes, the best way to change the system is to torch it and start afresh.
So, why does any of this matter in the age of TikTok and gluten-free donuts? Because history isn't just about dusty old textbooks and dates you crammed for a test you immediately forgot. It's about understanding where we came from to make sense of where we're going. Whether you're team Zinn, Schweikart, or Russell, one thing's for certain: the human story is one heck of a rollercoaster ride, complete with twists, turns, and more than a few moments that'll have you laughing out loud. So buckle up because this ride's far from over, and it's bound to be wild.
THE RUNDOWN
- Before 1500 CE, Western Civilization saw democracy rise in Greece, Rome bring laws and big buildings, and the Catholic Church leading in Medieval Europe.
- In "A People's History of the United States," Zinn talks about how Native Americans and slaves struggled, showing a different side of American history.
- "A Patriot's History of the United States" says America likes democracy and freedom, showing a proud view of the country.
- "A Renegade History of the United States" talks about how African Americans fought back, sometimes against joining the military.
- Learning about these views helps us understand history better, but we need to be careful because sometimes things are simplified or changed to fit what someone wants to say.
- It's good to learn about hidden stories and listen to people who weren't heard before, but we should always think carefully about what we're told.
QUESTIONS
- What were some key contributions of ancient Greece and Rome to Western Civilization before 1500 CE? How did these contributions shape later societies?
- Compare and contrast the perspectives presented in "A People's History of the United States" and "A Patriot's History of the United States" regarding Native American and slave struggles. How do these differing viewpoints affect our understanding of American history?
- In "A Renegade History of the United States," how does the author portray African American resistance, particularly in regards to military service? What implications does this perspective have on traditional narratives of patriotism and service?
Prepare to be transported into the captivating realm of historical films and videos. Brace yourselves for a mind-bending odyssey through time as we embark on a cinematic expedition. Within these flickering frames, the past morphs into a vivid tapestry of triumphs, tragedies, and transformative moments that have shaped the very fabric of our existence. We shall immerse ourselves in a whirlwind of visual narratives, dissecting the nuances of artistic interpretations, examining the storytelling techniques, and voraciously devouring historical accuracy with the ferocity of a time-traveling historian. So strap in, hold tight, and prepare to have your perception of history forever shattered by the mesmerizing lens of the camera.
THE RUNDOWN
Step into Olympia, the ancient Greeks' stage for the original reality show: the Olympic Games. Imagine a lineup of sculpted demigods, their bodies gleaming with olive oil, competing for eternal renown. It's like 'Survivor' with a Greco-Roman twist, but without the plotting and with a generous application of olive oil. In this corner of the ancient world, where olive trees whisper tales of past champions, the Olympics were more than just a competition; they were a divine fusion of athleticism and devotion, a spectacle that would put today's halftime shows to shame.
Fast forward a few millennia, armed with cutting-edge digital technology and a passion for unearthing ancient mysteries. We're like contemporary Indiana Joneses, only with better Wi-Fi. Thanks to our gadgets, we're peeling back the layers of time, unearthing Olympia's concealed stories of sweat and determination. From sweaty gymnasiums to grand marble statues, we're rediscovering a civilization consumed by the pursuit of human potential. Olympia is where the quest for glory was as timeless as absurd and where embracing life's chaos with a nod to the gods of irony was the ultimate triumph.
Step into Olympia, the ancient Greeks' stage for the original reality show: the Olympic Games. Imagine a lineup of sculpted demigods, their bodies gleaming with olive oil, competing for eternal renown. It's like 'Survivor' with a Greco-Roman twist, but without the plotting and with a generous application of olive oil. In this corner of the ancient world, where olive trees whisper tales of past champions, the Olympics were more than just a competition; they were a divine fusion of athleticism and devotion, a spectacle that would put today's halftime shows to shame.
Fast forward a few millennia, armed with cutting-edge digital technology and a passion for unearthing ancient mysteries. We're like contemporary Indiana Joneses, only with better Wi-Fi. Thanks to our gadgets, we're peeling back the layers of time, unearthing Olympia's concealed stories of sweat and determination. From sweaty gymnasiums to grand marble statues, we're rediscovering a civilization consumed by the pursuit of human potential. Olympia is where the quest for glory was as timeless as absurd and where embracing life's chaos with a nod to the gods of irony was the ultimate triumph.
Welcome to the mind-bending Key Terms extravaganza of our history class learning module. Brace yourselves; we will unravel the cryptic codes, secret handshakes, and linguistic labyrinths that make up the twisted tapestry of historical knowledge. These key terms are the Rosetta Stones of our academic journey, the skeleton keys to unlocking the enigmatic doors of comprehension. They're like historical Swiss Army knives, equipped with blades of definition and corkscrews of contextual examples, ready to pierce through the fog of confusion and liberate your intellectual curiosity. By harnessing the power of these mighty key terms, you'll possess the superhuman ability to traverse the treacherous terrains of primary sources, surf the tumultuous waves of academic texts, and engage in epic battles of historical debate. The past awaits, and the key terms are keys to unlocking its dazzling secrets.
KEY TERMS
KEY TERMS
- 776 BCE - First Ancient Olympic Game
- 550 BCE - Construction of the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
- 470 BCE - Construction of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia
- 447 BCE - Construction of the Parthenon
- 429 BCE - First Performance of Sophocles' "Oedipus Rex"
- 421 BCE - Construction of the Erechtheion
- 264 BCE - First Roman Gladiatorial Games
- 55 BCE - Opening of the Theatre of Pompey
- 80 CE - Completion of the Colosseum
- 113 CE - Construction of the Pantheon
- 393 CE - End of Olympic Games by Emperor Theodosius I
- 537 CE - Dedication of Hagia Sophia
- 719 CE - Construction of the Abbey of Saint Gallen
- 796 CE - Groundbreaking of Aachen Cathedral
- 1066 CE - Establishment of Jousting Tournaments
- 1093 CE - Start of Construction of Durham Cathedral
- 1127 CE - First Recorded Medieval Tournament
- 1174 CE - Easter Monday Football Game
- 1345 CE - Consécration of Notre-Dame de Paris
- 1470 CE - Establishment of Calcio Storico
DISCLAIMER: Welcome scholars to the wild and wacky world of history class. This isn't your granddaddy's boring ol' lecture, baby. We will take a trip through time, which will be one wild ride. I know some of you are in a brick-and-mortar setting, while others are in the vast digital wasteland. But fear not; we're all in this together. Online students might miss out on some in-person interaction, but you can still join in on the fun. This little shindig aims to get you all engaged with the course material and understand how past societies have shaped the world we know today. We'll talk about revolutions, wars, and other crazy stuff. So get ready, kids, because it's going to be one heck of a trip. And for all, you online students out there, don't be shy. Please share your thoughts and ideas with the rest of us. The Professor will do his best to give everyone an equal opportunity to learn, so don't hold back. So, let's do this thing!
Activity #1: UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Objective:
Activity #1: UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Objective:
Activity #2: UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Ladies and gentlemen, gather 'round for the pièce de résistance of this classroom module - the summary section. As we embark on this tantalizing journey, we'll savor the exquisite flavors of knowledge, highlighting the fundamental ingredients and spices that have seasoned our minds throughout these captivating lessons. Prepare to indulge in a savory recap that will leave your intellectual taste buds tingling, serving as a passport to further enlightenment.
Step back in time to the birthplace of democracy, Ancient Greece, where the seeds of governance were sown. In the 8th century BCE, Athens and Sparta were not mere names on parchment, but vibrant hubs of political intrigue and philosophical contemplation. Imagine it as a reality show, minus the Kardashians, but with an abundance of togas. This was a world where the common man had a voice, a concept so revolutionary that it would send shivers down the spines of today's politicians. And let's not forget the philosophers, those deep thinkers who pondered the meaning of life over wine, debating whether existence was a cosmic joke. Spoiler alert: they never quite figured it out.
Then there's Ancient Rome, the original architects of empires who bequeathed us with more than just gladiator spectacles. From 753 BCE to 476 CE, these individuals were busy expanding territories, spreading Latin like a viral sensation, and eventually, facing betrayal from their own senators. Oh, the irony. They also introduced the rule of law and the concept of citizenship, the key to civilization's door.
Leap ahead to the Middle Ages, an era of feudal lords, majestic cathedrals, and plagues that made COVID-19 seem like a minor nuisance. Monarchs held sway, the Catholic Church dictated terms, and everyone was striving to survive without becoming a human skewer for marauding hordes. At least we gained some awe-inspiring architecture from it, didn't we? They say every cloud has a silver lining.
And then, the Renaissance, a period of unparalleled transformation in human history. It was as if the world collectively decided to cast off the gloom of the Middle Ages and embrace all things extravagant and marvelous. Art, science, literature—every field was undergoing a revolution. Leonardo da Vinci was crafting masterpieces, Michelangelo was sculpting with a passion that seemed to defy mortality, and suddenly, everyone craved a slice of that cultural pie. It was a time of enlightenment, discovery, and perhaps a hint of hedonism. After all, a Renaissance without a few legendary celebrations is simply inconceivable.
In our modern era, history isn't just something we read about in old textbooks—it's a battlefield of ideas, a clash of narratives, and, at times, a complete mess. Consider statues, for example. They may be aesthetically pleasing, but they also serve as reminders of the darker aspects of our past—like slavery, colonialism, and humanity's long list of sins. And American history? It's like a choose-your-own-adventure book where every path leads to a moral reckoning and a heap of soul-searching.
Amidst all the chaos and confusion, there's one thing we can always rely on the indomitable human spirit's knack for muddling through, making mistakes, and occasionally stumbling upon something resembling progress.
or, in other words:
Then there's Ancient Rome, the original architects of empires who bequeathed us with more than just gladiator spectacles. From 753 BCE to 476 CE, these individuals were busy expanding territories, spreading Latin like a viral sensation, and eventually, facing betrayal from their own senators. Oh, the irony. They also introduced the rule of law and the concept of citizenship, the key to civilization's door.
Leap ahead to the Middle Ages, an era of feudal lords, majestic cathedrals, and plagues that made COVID-19 seem like a minor nuisance. Monarchs held sway, the Catholic Church dictated terms, and everyone was striving to survive without becoming a human skewer for marauding hordes. At least we gained some awe-inspiring architecture from it, didn't we? They say every cloud has a silver lining.
And then, the Renaissance, a period of unparalleled transformation in human history. It was as if the world collectively decided to cast off the gloom of the Middle Ages and embrace all things extravagant and marvelous. Art, science, literature—every field was undergoing a revolution. Leonardo da Vinci was crafting masterpieces, Michelangelo was sculpting with a passion that seemed to defy mortality, and suddenly, everyone craved a slice of that cultural pie. It was a time of enlightenment, discovery, and perhaps a hint of hedonism. After all, a Renaissance without a few legendary celebrations is simply inconceivable.
In our modern era, history isn't just something we read about in old textbooks—it's a battlefield of ideas, a clash of narratives, and, at times, a complete mess. Consider statues, for example. They may be aesthetically pleasing, but they also serve as reminders of the darker aspects of our past—like slavery, colonialism, and humanity's long list of sins. And American history? It's like a choose-your-own-adventure book where every path leads to a moral reckoning and a heap of soul-searching.
Amidst all the chaos and confusion, there's one thing we can always rely on the indomitable human spirit's knack for muddling through, making mistakes, and occasionally stumbling upon something resembling progress.
or, in other words:
- Ancient Greece introduced democracy and made amazing art, which still influences how we run governments and make art today.
- Ancient Rome gave us laws and Christianity, which shaped how laws are made and how many people practice religion.
- The Middle Ages saw kings, feudalism, and big churches being built, affecting how societies were organized and how people worshiped.
- The Renaissance was a time of rebirth for culture, with great art, literature, and science paving the way for modern times.
- Learning history today helps us understand how societies grow and change, but we also need to question what we're taught.
- People argue about statues and different views of history, showing that it's important to think about how we remember the past and include everyone's stories.
ASSIGNMENTS
Remember all assignments, tests and quizzes must be submitted official via BLACKBOARD
Forum Discussion #010
- Forum Discussion #10
- Quiz #3
Remember all assignments, tests and quizzes must be submitted official via BLACKBOARD
Forum Discussion #010
The Simple History YouTube channel offers engaging visualizations of historical events, cultures, and technological advancements through animated storytelling, providing a captivating glimpse into various periods of human history. Watch the following:
Please answer the following question:
What role did medieval sports play in shaping societal norms and hierarchies, and how did the evolution of these sports reflect broader cultural changes during the Middle Ages?
Need help? Remember the Discussion Board Rubric.
THE RUNDOWN
Step into the historical circus of sports, a journey filled with equal parts foolishness and genius. Join me as we explore the evolution of competition, from basic power showdowns to extravagant displays of wealth and nerve. What started as practice for war turned into full-blown entertainment, with knights bashing each other for applause. Falconry, a pastime for the rich where showing off meant strutting around with a bird of prey on your arm. And early tennis? Forget rackets; they used their hands to whack balls wrapped in cloth. Let's not skip Iceland, where even the horses got in on the action with epic battles for dominance. And then there are the Norse, who were into raiding and games. Knattleikr, their version of a ball game, was less about scoring and more about settling disputes with a good old brawl. And just when you think it couldn't get crazier, behold naval jousting. Brave souls duking it out on ships like knights of old, trying not to sink before they skewer their opponents or take a dive themselves. As we reflect on these absurdities, let's remember that the most excellent game is the one we play with ourselves, navigating life's craziness with a mix of silliness and strength.
What role did medieval sports play in shaping societal norms and hierarchies, and how did the evolution of these sports reflect broader cultural changes during the Middle Ages?
Need help? Remember the Discussion Board Rubric.
THE RUNDOWN
Step into the historical circus of sports, a journey filled with equal parts foolishness and genius. Join me as we explore the evolution of competition, from basic power showdowns to extravagant displays of wealth and nerve. What started as practice for war turned into full-blown entertainment, with knights bashing each other for applause. Falconry, a pastime for the rich where showing off meant strutting around with a bird of prey on your arm. And early tennis? Forget rackets; they used their hands to whack balls wrapped in cloth. Let's not skip Iceland, where even the horses got in on the action with epic battles for dominance. And then there are the Norse, who were into raiding and games. Knattleikr, their version of a ball game, was less about scoring and more about settling disputes with a good old brawl. And just when you think it couldn't get crazier, behold naval jousting. Brave souls duking it out on ships like knights of old, trying not to sink before they skewer their opponents or take a dive themselves. As we reflect on these absurdities, let's remember that the most excellent game is the one we play with ourselves, navigating life's craziness with a mix of silliness and strength.
Hey, welcome to the work cited section! Here's where you'll find all the heavy hitters that inspired the content you've just consumed. Some might think citations are as dull as unbuttered toast, but nothing gets my intellectual juices flowing like a good reference list. Don't get me wrong, just because we've cited a source; doesn't mean we're always going to see eye-to-eye. But that's the beauty of it - it's up to you to chew on the material and come to conclusions. Listen, we've gone to great lengths to ensure these citations are accurate, but let's face it, we're all human. So, give us a holler if you notice any mistakes or suggest more sources. We're always looking to up our game. Ultimately, it's all about pursuing knowledge and truth.
Work Cited:
Work Cited:
- UNDER CONSTRUCTION
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