HST 150 Module #6
From Gruel to Gourmet
Examining the history of food in the ancient world and middle ages is crucial in comprehending the progression of human society. This may include details about the crops cultivated, the techniques of farming and food production, and the evolution of culinary methods and dishes. The history of food can expose the truth about the economic, social, and cultural advancements of a community.
Studying food in ancient times and the middle ages is a mighty important endeavor. Just think about it, by delving into the past, we can learn about our ancestors' agricultural and culinary advancements. Take, for instance, the Islamic Golden Age, when new crops and farming methods were introduced, increasing productivity and creating unique culinary delights. And let's remember the water mill's invention, making grinding grains a breeze. It's all quite remarkable if you ask me.
Do you want to know what's truly fascinating about studying food history in the ancient world and middle ages? It's how it gives us a glimpse into the inner workings of these societies. I'm talking about the social and economic structures that shaped how people ate and lived. Take the rise of guilds in the middle ages, for example. These bad boys regulated the production and sale of food products, giving us a clear picture of how the economy functioned back in the day. But it's not just about the economy, and it's about the culture too. The dishes and culinary techniques developed during this period give us a window into these societies' values, beliefs, and practices. It's a real trip, man.
But let's not forget; there's a dark side to this whole food history gig. Like the bubonic plague in the 13th century, man. That crap wiped out half the population and left the survivors scrambling to survive on their tiny farms. And let's not forget about the injustices, man. Enslaved people and serfs were treated like cattle, forced to work the fields and the kitchens without a say in their fate. They were lucky if they got to eat the scraps from the rich folks' tables. It's a harsh reality but one that must be acknowledged.
Studying food history in the ancient world and middle ages is not just a mere academic exercise but a vital endeavor in understanding the true nature of human civilization. By examining the past's agricultural and culinary innovations, we can gain insight into the social, economic, and cultural structures that shaped societies during that time. However, it is crucial also to acknowledge the negative aspects of the history of food, such as the exploitation of enslaved and serf labor and the inequalities that exist in food systems today. By recognizing these negatives, we can work towards creating a more just and equitable food system for all. In short, studying food history is a means of understanding the past and a tool for creating a better future.
THE RUNDOWN
QUESTIONS
Examining the history of food in the ancient world and middle ages is crucial in comprehending the progression of human society. This may include details about the crops cultivated, the techniques of farming and food production, and the evolution of culinary methods and dishes. The history of food can expose the truth about the economic, social, and cultural advancements of a community.
Studying food in ancient times and the middle ages is a mighty important endeavor. Just think about it, by delving into the past, we can learn about our ancestors' agricultural and culinary advancements. Take, for instance, the Islamic Golden Age, when new crops and farming methods were introduced, increasing productivity and creating unique culinary delights. And let's remember the water mill's invention, making grinding grains a breeze. It's all quite remarkable if you ask me.
Do you want to know what's truly fascinating about studying food history in the ancient world and middle ages? It's how it gives us a glimpse into the inner workings of these societies. I'm talking about the social and economic structures that shaped how people ate and lived. Take the rise of guilds in the middle ages, for example. These bad boys regulated the production and sale of food products, giving us a clear picture of how the economy functioned back in the day. But it's not just about the economy, and it's about the culture too. The dishes and culinary techniques developed during this period give us a window into these societies' values, beliefs, and practices. It's a real trip, man.
But let's not forget; there's a dark side to this whole food history gig. Like the bubonic plague in the 13th century, man. That crap wiped out half the population and left the survivors scrambling to survive on their tiny farms. And let's not forget about the injustices, man. Enslaved people and serfs were treated like cattle, forced to work the fields and the kitchens without a say in their fate. They were lucky if they got to eat the scraps from the rich folks' tables. It's a harsh reality but one that must be acknowledged.
Studying food history in the ancient world and middle ages is not just a mere academic exercise but a vital endeavor in understanding the true nature of human civilization. By examining the past's agricultural and culinary innovations, we can gain insight into the social, economic, and cultural structures that shaped societies during that time. However, it is crucial also to acknowledge the negative aspects of the history of food, such as the exploitation of enslaved and serf labor and the inequalities that exist in food systems today. By recognizing these negatives, we can work towards creating a more just and equitable food system for all. In short, studying food history is a means of understanding the past and a tool for creating a better future.
THE RUNDOWN
- Studying the history of food in the ancient world and middle ages is important for comprehending the progression of human society
- By examining food history, we can learn about crops cultivated, farming and food production techniques, and the evolution of culinary methods and dishes
- The history of food reveals the truth about economic, social, and cultural advancements of a community
- The Islamic Golden Age introduced new crops and farming methods, increasing productivity and creating unique culinary delights
- The rise of guilds in the middle ages regulated food production and sale, giving insight into the economy
- The dishes and culinary techniques developed during this period give a window into the values, beliefs, and practices of a society
- The bubonic plague in the 13th century wiped out half the population and left survivors struggling to survive
- Enslaved people and serfs were exploited for their labor in the fields and kitchens
- Studying food history is not just an academic exercise, but a vital endeavor for understanding the true nature of human civilization
- Recognizing the negative aspects of food history, such as exploitation and inequality, can lead to creating a more just and equitable food system for all
QUESTIONS
- Why is studying the history of food in the ancient world and middle ages important?
- What can the study of food history tell us about the economic, social, and cultural structures of past societies?
- How does acknowledging the negative aspects of food history, such as exploitation and inequality, help in creating a better future for all?
#6 No Cherry-Picking
History, you are a cruel mistress. Some days you are a fun romp that looks at our past; other days, you are a sad reminder of our shortcomings and failures. Sometimes you are a well-documented account, with 1000s of books written on your behalf. Other times you are a convoluted mess, an untidy murder scene riddled with more questions than answers. Either way, rule number 6 of history: No cherry-picking. For those unfamiliar with the concept, cherry-picking is the act of pointing to individual cases or data that seem to confirm a position while ignoring a significant portion of related and similar topics or data that may contradict that position. Cherry-picking may be committed intentionally or unintentionally, but births the same results. History is not entirely exceptional, and nor is it wholly evil. And to not attempt to remain a centrist in these matters does a disservice to the historical community.
In the realm of historical study, "cherry-picking" takes on a new meaning. It refers to the insidious practice of choosing only certain events or aspects of history to fit one's agenda or perspective. This kind of selective interpretation can be hazardous, as it can lead to a distorted and incomplete understanding of the past. It can be used to justify oppressive systems or to whitewash the actions of those in power. However, it's not all bad. The practice of cherry-picking can also be used to shed light on marginalized or overlooked perspectives or to challenge dominant narratives. Regardless of the intent, it's crucial that we, as historians and citizens strive to avoid cherry-picking and instead strive for a more nuanced and complete understanding of the past. Only then can we truly grasp the complexity and richness of history and make informed decisions about the present and future.
Ah, the beauty of cherry-picking historical events. It's like picking the juiciest, ripest cherries from the tree of time. And let me tell you, the Civil Rights Movement in the United States was one hell of a cherry. It brought to light the injustices and inequalities faced by African Americans, shining a spotlight on the ugly issue of racism and discrimination. Thanks to this cherry-picked event, activists and educators were able to rally the masses and bring about change. And that, my friends, is the sweetest fruit of all. Another perk of selecting a specific moment in history and holding it up as a shining example is how it can light a fire under people's butts. Take the American Revolution, for instance. We often cherry-pick the parts that speak to the principles of liberty and self-governance and use them as a call to arms for those who give a shit about creating a more fair and equal world. It's a reminder that real change is possible, and it's up to us to make it happen.
But let's remember the dark side of cherry-picking a historical event. It can lead to a twisted and twisted version of the past, like a distorted carnival mirror. Take the Civil Rights Movement, for instance. If you only focus on the glories of Martin Luther King Jr. without paying attention to the bigger picture, you're missing the whole point. You're ignoring the contributions of all the others who fought alongside him and the social and political climate of the time. Another sinister outcome of selective interpretation of historical events is manipulating the past to justify oppressive actions in the present. When the American Revolution is reduced to a mere celebration of freedom and democracy, it becomes a tool for those in power to condone the atrocities of American imperialism and the subjugation of Indigenous nations. Such cherry-picked history is a dangerous weapon in the hands of those who seek to uphold their power and privilege.
To ensure your understanding of history is maintained, you must start looking at things from all angles. You have to dig deep and look at many primary and secondary sources. And don't just read one interpretation of an event; look at it from different perspectives. You need to pick and choose what you like and ignore the rest.
But most importantly, be aware of your own biases. They're sneaky little buggers that can mess with your understanding of history. So watch out for them, and keep an open mind. Cherry-picking history is like its namesake: picking through a bowl of cherries, you might find a few good ones, but you're bound to miss out on the complete picture. Sure, it can shine a light on important issues and inspire change, but it can also lead to a distorted understanding of the past and justify sketchy actions and policies. To truly understand history, you must take a big bite, consider all the different perspectives, and be aware of your biases.
In short, there is a current trend to politize American history as either American exceptionalism or a country founded solely on oppression. The truth is, both are right.
THE RUNDOWN
History, you are a cruel mistress. Some days you are a fun romp that looks at our past; other days, you are a sad reminder of our shortcomings and failures. Sometimes you are a well-documented account, with 1000s of books written on your behalf. Other times you are a convoluted mess, an untidy murder scene riddled with more questions than answers. Either way, rule number 6 of history: No cherry-picking. For those unfamiliar with the concept, cherry-picking is the act of pointing to individual cases or data that seem to confirm a position while ignoring a significant portion of related and similar topics or data that may contradict that position. Cherry-picking may be committed intentionally or unintentionally, but births the same results. History is not entirely exceptional, and nor is it wholly evil. And to not attempt to remain a centrist in these matters does a disservice to the historical community.
In the realm of historical study, "cherry-picking" takes on a new meaning. It refers to the insidious practice of choosing only certain events or aspects of history to fit one's agenda or perspective. This kind of selective interpretation can be hazardous, as it can lead to a distorted and incomplete understanding of the past. It can be used to justify oppressive systems or to whitewash the actions of those in power. However, it's not all bad. The practice of cherry-picking can also be used to shed light on marginalized or overlooked perspectives or to challenge dominant narratives. Regardless of the intent, it's crucial that we, as historians and citizens strive to avoid cherry-picking and instead strive for a more nuanced and complete understanding of the past. Only then can we truly grasp the complexity and richness of history and make informed decisions about the present and future.
Ah, the beauty of cherry-picking historical events. It's like picking the juiciest, ripest cherries from the tree of time. And let me tell you, the Civil Rights Movement in the United States was one hell of a cherry. It brought to light the injustices and inequalities faced by African Americans, shining a spotlight on the ugly issue of racism and discrimination. Thanks to this cherry-picked event, activists and educators were able to rally the masses and bring about change. And that, my friends, is the sweetest fruit of all. Another perk of selecting a specific moment in history and holding it up as a shining example is how it can light a fire under people's butts. Take the American Revolution, for instance. We often cherry-pick the parts that speak to the principles of liberty and self-governance and use them as a call to arms for those who give a shit about creating a more fair and equal world. It's a reminder that real change is possible, and it's up to us to make it happen.
But let's remember the dark side of cherry-picking a historical event. It can lead to a twisted and twisted version of the past, like a distorted carnival mirror. Take the Civil Rights Movement, for instance. If you only focus on the glories of Martin Luther King Jr. without paying attention to the bigger picture, you're missing the whole point. You're ignoring the contributions of all the others who fought alongside him and the social and political climate of the time. Another sinister outcome of selective interpretation of historical events is manipulating the past to justify oppressive actions in the present. When the American Revolution is reduced to a mere celebration of freedom and democracy, it becomes a tool for those in power to condone the atrocities of American imperialism and the subjugation of Indigenous nations. Such cherry-picked history is a dangerous weapon in the hands of those who seek to uphold their power and privilege.
To ensure your understanding of history is maintained, you must start looking at things from all angles. You have to dig deep and look at many primary and secondary sources. And don't just read one interpretation of an event; look at it from different perspectives. You need to pick and choose what you like and ignore the rest.
But most importantly, be aware of your own biases. They're sneaky little buggers that can mess with your understanding of history. So watch out for them, and keep an open mind. Cherry-picking history is like its namesake: picking through a bowl of cherries, you might find a few good ones, but you're bound to miss out on the complete picture. Sure, it can shine a light on important issues and inspire change, but it can also lead to a distorted understanding of the past and justify sketchy actions and policies. To truly understand history, you must take a big bite, consider all the different perspectives, and be aware of your biases.
In short, there is a current trend to politize American history as either American exceptionalism or a country founded solely on oppression. The truth is, both are right.
THE RUNDOWN
- History is a complicated and diverse topic.
- When people "cherry-pick," they select certain historical events to explain what happened in the past.
- This can make their interpretation inaccurate and incomplete.
- Some people use cherry-picking to justify oppressive systems, while others use it to question commonly accepted ideas.
- It's crucial to avoid cherry-picking and aim for a balanced understanding of history.
- Looking at specific historical moments can motivate positive change but also distort our perception of the past.
- To truly understand history, we need to consider all points of view and be aware of our biases.
- There is a tendency to politicize American history by emphasizing its exceptionalism or focusing on its oppression, but both are true.
STATE OF THE WORLD
HIGHLIGHTS
We've got some fine classroom lectures coming your way, all courtesy of the RPTM podcast. These lectures will take you on a wild ride through history, exploring everything from ancient civilizations and epic battles to scientific breakthroughs and artistic revolutions. The podcast will guide you through each lecture with its no-nonsense, straight-talking style, using various sources to give you the lowdown on each topic. You won't find any fancy-pants jargon or convoluted theories here, just plain and straightforward explanations anyone can understand. So sit back and prepare to soak up some knowledge.
LECTURES
LECTURES
- COMING SOON
READING
This class utilizes the following textbook:
Bentley, Jerry. Traditions & Encounter Volume 1 from Beginning to 1500, 7th ed.: McGraw Hill, 2021 .
Jerry H. Bentley was a historian and academic who specialized in world history, with a focus on cultural and economic exchange, comparative history, and the study of empires. He was a professor at the University of Hawaii and served as the President of the American Historical Association. Bentley wrote several books on world history and globalization, including "Old World Encounters" and he made significant contributions to the field. He passed away in 2014.
- Bentley, Chapter 11: Civilizations of the Mediterranean: The Romans
- Bentley, Chapter 12: Cross-cultural Exchanges on the Silk Road
This class utilizes the following textbook:
Bentley, Jerry. Traditions & Encounter Volume 1 from Beginning to 1500, 7th ed.: McGraw Hill, 2021 .
Jerry H. Bentley was a historian and academic who specialized in world history, with a focus on cultural and economic exchange, comparative history, and the study of empires. He was a professor at the University of Hawaii and served as the President of the American Historical Association. Bentley wrote several books on world history and globalization, including "Old World Encounters" and he made significant contributions to the field. He passed away in 2014.
Howard Zinn was a historian, writer, and political activist known for his critical analysis of American history. He is particularly well-known for his counter-narrative to traditional American history accounts and highlights marginalized groups' experiences and perspectives. Zinn's work is often associated with social history and is known for his Marxist and socialist views. Larry Schweikart is also a historian, but his work and perspective are often considered more conservative. Schweikart's work is often associated with military history, and he is known for his support of free-market economics and limited government. Overall, Zinn and Schweikart have different perspectives on various historical issues and events and may interpret historical events and phenomena differently. Occasionally, we will also look at Thaddeus Russell, a historian, author, and academic. Russell has written extensively on the history of social and cultural change, and his work focuses on how marginalized and oppressed groups have challenged and transformed mainstream culture. Russell is known for his unconventional and controversial ideas, and his work has been praised for its originality and provocative nature.
My classes utilize both Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States and Larry Schweikart's Patriot's History of the United States, mostly in excerpts posted to the modules. You can access the full text of People's History or Patriot's History by clicking on the links.
My classes utilize both Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States and Larry Schweikart's Patriot's History of the United States, mostly in excerpts posted to the modules. You can access the full text of People's History or Patriot's History by clicking on the links.

Zinn, A People's History of the United States
"...Between the Civil War and 1900, steam and electricity replaced human muscle, iron replaced wood, and steel replaced iron (before the Bessemer process, iron was hardened into steel at the rate of 3 to 5 tons a day; now the same amount could be processed in 15 minutes).
Machines could now drive steel tools. Oil could lubricate machines and light homes, streets, factories. People and goods could move by railroad, propelled by steam along steel rails; by 1900 there were 193,000 miles of railroad. The telephone, the typewriter, and the adding
machine speeded up the work of business.
Machines changed farming. Before the Civil War it took 61 hours of labor to produce an acre of wheat. By 1900, it took 3 hours, 19 minutes. Manufactured ice enabled the transport of food over long distances, and the industry of meatpacking was born."
"...Between the Civil War and 1900, steam and electricity replaced human muscle, iron replaced wood, and steel replaced iron (before the Bessemer process, iron was hardened into steel at the rate of 3 to 5 tons a day; now the same amount could be processed in 15 minutes).
Machines could now drive steel tools. Oil could lubricate machines and light homes, streets, factories. People and goods could move by railroad, propelled by steam along steel rails; by 1900 there were 193,000 miles of railroad. The telephone, the typewriter, and the adding
machine speeded up the work of business.
Machines changed farming. Before the Civil War it took 61 hours of labor to produce an acre of wheat. By 1900, it took 3 hours, 19 minutes. Manufactured ice enabled the transport of food over long distances, and the industry of meatpacking was born."

Larry Schweikart, A Patriot's History of the United States
"...By the mid-1700s, it was clear across the American colonies that the settlers had become increasingly less English. Travelers described Americans as coarse-looking country folk. Most colonials wore their hair long. Women and girls kept their hair covered with hats, hoods, and
kerchiefs while men and boys tied their hair into queues until wigs came into vogue in the port cities. Colonials made their own clothes from linen (flax) and wool; every home had a spinning wheel and a loom, and women sewed and knitted constantly, since cotton cloth would not be readily available until the nineteenth century. Plentiful dyes like indigo, birch bark, and pokeberries made colorful shirts, pants, dresses, socks, and caps.
Americans grew their own food and ate a great deal of corn—roasted, boiled, and cooked into cornmeal bread and pancakes. Hearty vegetables like squash and beans joined apples, jam, and syrup on the dinner table. Men and boys hunted and fished; rabbit, squirrel, bear, and deer (venison) were common entrees. Pig raising became important, but beef cows (and milk) were scarce until the eighteenth century and beyond. Given the poor quality of water, many colonials drank cider, beer, and corn whiskey—even the children! As cities sprang up, the lack of convenient watering holes led owners to 'water' their cattle with the runoff of breweries, yielding a disgusting variant of milk known as swill milk, which propagated childhood illnesses."
"...By the mid-1700s, it was clear across the American colonies that the settlers had become increasingly less English. Travelers described Americans as coarse-looking country folk. Most colonials wore their hair long. Women and girls kept their hair covered with hats, hoods, and
kerchiefs while men and boys tied their hair into queues until wigs came into vogue in the port cities. Colonials made their own clothes from linen (flax) and wool; every home had a spinning wheel and a loom, and women sewed and knitted constantly, since cotton cloth would not be readily available until the nineteenth century. Plentiful dyes like indigo, birch bark, and pokeberries made colorful shirts, pants, dresses, socks, and caps.
Americans grew their own food and ate a great deal of corn—roasted, boiled, and cooked into cornmeal bread and pancakes. Hearty vegetables like squash and beans joined apples, jam, and syrup on the dinner table. Men and boys hunted and fished; rabbit, squirrel, bear, and deer (venison) were common entrees. Pig raising became important, but beef cows (and milk) were scarce until the eighteenth century and beyond. Given the poor quality of water, many colonials drank cider, beer, and corn whiskey—even the children! As cities sprang up, the lack of convenient watering holes led owners to 'water' their cattle with the runoff of breweries, yielding a disgusting variant of milk known as swill milk, which propagated childhood illnesses."

Thaddeus Russell, A Renegade History of the United States
"... If you were a typical American living in the early part of the nineteenth century, you had to plant, tend, harvest, slaughter, and process your own food. You had to make your own clothing, and all of it had to be strictly utilitarian: no decorations, unnecessary colors, or “style.” You worked from before dawn until late at night. Your only source of entertainment was books, and most that were available were moral parables. You spent your entire life within a fifty-mile radius of your home. You believed that leisure was bad. There was no weekend.
By the end of the nineteenth century, you as a typical American bought most of your clothing from stores. You owned clothes whose sole function was to make you attractive. You ate food that had come from all over the country. You drank cold beer and ate ice cream. If you lived in a city, you went shopping at Montgomery Ward, Sears, Roebuck, Macy’s, Abraham & Straus, Jordan Marsh, Filene’s, or Wanamaker’s. If you lived in the country, you shopped from the same stores by mail order. You read dime novels whose sole purpose was to provide you with fun. If you lived in a city, you went to amusement parks, movie theaters, and vaudeville shows. You went dancing. You rode on trains. You worked fewer hours than your parents and many fewer hours than your grandparents. You believed that leisure was good."
"... If you were a typical American living in the early part of the nineteenth century, you had to plant, tend, harvest, slaughter, and process your own food. You had to make your own clothing, and all of it had to be strictly utilitarian: no decorations, unnecessary colors, or “style.” You worked from before dawn until late at night. Your only source of entertainment was books, and most that were available were moral parables. You spent your entire life within a fifty-mile radius of your home. You believed that leisure was bad. There was no weekend.
By the end of the nineteenth century, you as a typical American bought most of your clothing from stores. You owned clothes whose sole function was to make you attractive. You ate food that had come from all over the country. You drank cold beer and ate ice cream. If you lived in a city, you went shopping at Montgomery Ward, Sears, Roebuck, Macy’s, Abraham & Straus, Jordan Marsh, Filene’s, or Wanamaker’s. If you lived in the country, you shopped from the same stores by mail order. You read dime novels whose sole purpose was to provide you with fun. If you lived in a city, you went to amusement parks, movie theaters, and vaudeville shows. You went dancing. You rode on trains. You worked fewer hours than your parents and many fewer hours than your grandparents. You believed that leisure was good."
What Does Professor Lancaster Think?
In the years following the Civil War, the United States witnessed a transformative period in how food was grown, harvested, and consumed. The country had been ravaged by war, but now it saw a technological revolution that would change how people lived and ate. The mechanization of agriculture and industry, coupled with advancements in transportation, brought about a new era in American society. These changes had a profound and far-reaching impact on the American diet and way of life. Food was no longer grown and consumed the same way as before, and the country was forever changed.
Ah, the good old days, before the Civil War. Back when folks were self-sufficient, living off the land and making their way in the world. They didn't need fancy stores or entertainment; they had the great outdoors and their own two hands. But let me tell you; it was hard work. Growing wheat took 61 hours per acre, not counting the other crops and animals they had to tend to. Corn was king, but they also hunted and fished for their meals. Rabbit, squirrel, bear, and deer were all on the menu. Pigs were popular, but beef and milk took more work to come by. And let's remember the water situation. It could have been better, so folks drank cider, beer, and corn whiskey instead. Even the kids. Ah, those were the days.
The industrial revolution was a game-changer. Steam and electricity came along, and suddenly human labor was out the door. The Bessemer process made mass-producing steel a breeze, and with that came machines to drive steel tools and oil to lubricate the damn things and light up our homes, streets, and factories. The railroad network was expanding like crazy, with 193,000 miles of tracks by 1900, making it easier to move people and goods. And let's remember the telephone, the typewriter, and adding the machine - these inventions made running a business much smoother.
The agricultural scene was a wild and ruthless one, my friends. With the introduction of machines, the labor required to cultivate an acre of wheat was reduced to a mere three hours and nineteen minutes of pure, unadulterated madness. But that wasn't the only revolution taking place. The invention of manufactured ice was a game changer, allowing for transporting meats and other delicacies over long distances, leading to the rise of the meatpacking industry like a phoenix from the ashes.
And what did all of this mean for the average Joe on the street? Access, my friends. Access to a plethora of goods and services produced and sold by others. The typical American could now indulge in the finer things in life - fancy clothes, exotic foods from all corners of the country, and leisure activities such as shopping, reading, visiting amusement parks, and attending shows. But it wasn't just about material possessions. The American Dream was also about having the time to enjoy them. With the advent of these new technologies, the average Joe could work fewer hours and believe that leisure was good. And who were we to argue with that?
In conclusion, the period between the Civil War and 1900 was marked by significant shifts in the way food was produced and consumed in the United States. These changes, driven by advances in technology and transportation, fundamentally altered the American diet and way of life. The mechanization of agriculture and industry allowed for greater efficiency in food production. At the same time, the movement of goods and people made it possible for Americans to access a more varied and diverse diet. This progress, however, was not without its drawbacks, as the increased industrialization of food production led to the exploitation of workers and the displacement of small farmers. Despite these challenges, the changes of this period ultimately gave Americans the opportunity to enjoy a more varied and diverse diet and to have more leisure time.
THE RUNDOWN
QUESTIONS
In the years following the Civil War, the United States witnessed a transformative period in how food was grown, harvested, and consumed. The country had been ravaged by war, but now it saw a technological revolution that would change how people lived and ate. The mechanization of agriculture and industry, coupled with advancements in transportation, brought about a new era in American society. These changes had a profound and far-reaching impact on the American diet and way of life. Food was no longer grown and consumed the same way as before, and the country was forever changed.
Ah, the good old days, before the Civil War. Back when folks were self-sufficient, living off the land and making their way in the world. They didn't need fancy stores or entertainment; they had the great outdoors and their own two hands. But let me tell you; it was hard work. Growing wheat took 61 hours per acre, not counting the other crops and animals they had to tend to. Corn was king, but they also hunted and fished for their meals. Rabbit, squirrel, bear, and deer were all on the menu. Pigs were popular, but beef and milk took more work to come by. And let's remember the water situation. It could have been better, so folks drank cider, beer, and corn whiskey instead. Even the kids. Ah, those were the days.
The industrial revolution was a game-changer. Steam and electricity came along, and suddenly human labor was out the door. The Bessemer process made mass-producing steel a breeze, and with that came machines to drive steel tools and oil to lubricate the damn things and light up our homes, streets, and factories. The railroad network was expanding like crazy, with 193,000 miles of tracks by 1900, making it easier to move people and goods. And let's remember the telephone, the typewriter, and adding the machine - these inventions made running a business much smoother.
The agricultural scene was a wild and ruthless one, my friends. With the introduction of machines, the labor required to cultivate an acre of wheat was reduced to a mere three hours and nineteen minutes of pure, unadulterated madness. But that wasn't the only revolution taking place. The invention of manufactured ice was a game changer, allowing for transporting meats and other delicacies over long distances, leading to the rise of the meatpacking industry like a phoenix from the ashes.
And what did all of this mean for the average Joe on the street? Access, my friends. Access to a plethora of goods and services produced and sold by others. The typical American could now indulge in the finer things in life - fancy clothes, exotic foods from all corners of the country, and leisure activities such as shopping, reading, visiting amusement parks, and attending shows. But it wasn't just about material possessions. The American Dream was also about having the time to enjoy them. With the advent of these new technologies, the average Joe could work fewer hours and believe that leisure was good. And who were we to argue with that?
In conclusion, the period between the Civil War and 1900 was marked by significant shifts in the way food was produced and consumed in the United States. These changes, driven by advances in technology and transportation, fundamentally altered the American diet and way of life. The mechanization of agriculture and industry allowed for greater efficiency in food production. At the same time, the movement of goods and people made it possible for Americans to access a more varied and diverse diet. This progress, however, was not without its drawbacks, as the increased industrialization of food production led to the exploitation of workers and the displacement of small farmers. Despite these challenges, the changes of this period ultimately gave Americans the opportunity to enjoy a more varied and diverse diet and to have more leisure time.
THE RUNDOWN
- Following the Civil War, the United States experienced a period of transformation in food production and consumption.
- The technological revolution brought about new advancements in agriculture and industry, as well as improvements in transportation.
- These changes had a significant impact on the American diet and way of life, including the reduction in labor required for growing food, the rise of the meatpacking industry, and the increased availability of goods and services.
- The average American could now enjoy a more varied and diverse diet, as well as more leisure time, as a result of the technological advances of the time.
- However, the increased industrialization of food production also led to the exploitation of workers and the displacement of small farmers.
- Despite the challenges, the changes of this period allowed Americans to have a more varied and diverse diet and more leisure time.
QUESTIONS
- How did the changes of this period shape the modern food industry and American society?
- What impact did the technological revolution have on the environment and sustainability of food production?
- How can we learn from the experiences of this transformative period in American history and apply it to the present and future?
THE RUNDOWN
Listen ye, a tale I spin of the evolution of man's kin, from hunting on Serengeti's land to food in the fridge. Cooking has been a part of our growth, and this series delves into our broth. Let's see what's been our feast from two million years past. Of Australopithecus, I speak, who ate a low-calorie diet unique. Richard Rangham, a wise sage, explains the ways of their age. Seeds, grasses, fruit, no meats, their jaws, and teeth did the feats. Man's gut today is slim, reflecting a diet of fantastic whim. In Africa, the Hadzabe's gut, with a microbiome quite a strut. A diet based on plants with fibers that dance. And in Australia, the Aboriginals, with bush tucker, create sensual delicacies. These ancient diets show how our ancestors ate and helped us grow. We all should strive to combat diseases, a window they provide, in a healthy way.
Listen ye, a tale I spin of the evolution of man's kin, from hunting on Serengeti's land to food in the fridge. Cooking has been a part of our growth, and this series delves into our broth. Let's see what's been our feast from two million years past. Of Australopithecus, I speak, who ate a low-calorie diet unique. Richard Rangham, a wise sage, explains the ways of their age. Seeds, grasses, fruit, no meats, their jaws, and teeth did the feats. Man's gut today is slim, reflecting a diet of fantastic whim. In Africa, the Hadzabe's gut, with a microbiome quite a strut. A diet based on plants with fibers that dance. And in Australia, the Aboriginals, with bush tucker, create sensual delicacies. These ancient diets show how our ancestors ate and helped us grow. We all should strive to combat diseases, a window they provide, in a healthy way.
KEY TERMS
- 8000 BCE-5000 BCE: Domestication of plants and animals for food production in the Neolithic era
- 5000 BCE-3000 BCE: Development of irrigation systems in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt
- 800 BCE-476 CE: Spread of agriculture and food production through trade and conquest in ancient civilizations such as the Roman Empire
- 4000 BCE-2000 BCE: Use of fermentation for preserving food and making fermented foods like bread, beer, and cheese
- 800 BCE-476 CE: Development of culinary techniques and recipes in ancient Greece and Rome, including the use of herbs and spices
- 3000 BCE-1000 CE: Influence of religion and culture on food customs and restrictions in ancient societies such as Ancient Egypt and India
- 3000 BCE-1000 CE: Development of food storage and preservation methods, including drying, salting, and smoking of meats
- 200 BCE-200 CE: Emergence of professional cooks and the rise of haute cuisine in ancient Rome and China
- 3000 BCE-1000 CE: Use of food as a form of social status and wealth display in ancient societies
- 500 BCE-500 CE: Spread of new crops and culinary techniques through exploration and colonization in the ancient world.
- 7th - 13th century: The introduction of new crops and farming techniques from the Islamic world during the Islamic Golden Age
- 8th - 12th century: The rise of monasteries as centers of agricultural and culinary innovation
- 11th - 12th century: The development of the three-field system of crop rotation
- 11th - 12th century: The widespread use of the plow
- 11th - 13th century: The invention of the water mill
- 13th century: The spread of the bubonic plague
- 13th - 14th century: The rise of guilds
- 14th - 15th century: The development of new methods of preservation
- 14th - 16th century: The creation of new dishes and culinary techniques
- 15th century: The invention of the printing press
DISCLAIMER: Welcome scholars to the wild and wacky world of history class. This isn't your granddaddy's boring ol' lecture, baby. We will take a trip through time, which will be one wild ride. I know some of you are in a brick-and-mortar setting, while others are in the vast digital wasteland. But fear not; we're all in this together. Online students might miss out on some in-person interaction, but you can still join in on the fun. This little shindig aims to get you all engaged with the course material and understand how past societies have shaped the world we know today. We'll talk about revolutions, wars, and other crazy stuff. So get ready, kids, because it's going to be one heck of a trip. And for all, you online students out there, don't be shy. Please share your thoughts and ideas with the rest of us. The Professor will do his best to give everyone an equal opportunity to learn, so don't hold back. So, let's do this thing!
ACTIVITY: "Time Travel Dinner Party"
Instructions:
ACTIVITY: Ancient and Medieval Food Timeline
Instructions:
SUMMARY
ASSIGNMENTS
Remember all assignments, tests and quizzes must be submitted official via BLACKBOARD
Forum Discussion #7
The Weird History YouTube channel is a unique and intriguing destination for those who are interested in exploring the lesser-known and often bizarre stories of the past. From ancient civilizations to modern times, this channel delves into the peculiar and unusual aspects of history that are often overlooked in traditional education. Each video is presented in a lively and engaging style, with plenty of visuals and animations to help bring the stories to life. Whether you're a history buff or just looking for something different to watch, the Weird History YouTube channel is sure to keep you entertained and educated. Watch this video and answer the following question:
ACTIVITY: "Time Travel Dinner Party"
Instructions:
- Divide the class into groups of 4-5 students each.
- Assign each group a different ancient or medieval civilization, such as ancient Rome, medieval Europe, ancient China, etc.
- Encourage each group to research their assigned civilization's dining customs, table manners, and food choices. They can use books, online resources, and in-class discussion to gather information.
- Give each group time to plan their "Time Travel Dinner Party." They should write out a menu that reflects the foods and ingredients of their civilization, and plan a seating chart that takes into account the social hierarchy and dining customs of their time period.
- Once each group is finished with their plans, have each group present their "Time Travel Dinner Party" to the rest of the class. They should explain their menu, table setting, and dining customs, and answer questions from the other groups.
- End the activity with a class discussion on the similarities and differences between the ancient and medieval civilizations' dining customs and table manners. Ask the students to reflect on what they have learned about the history of food and cooking and how it has shaped our modern-day dining customs.
ACTIVITY: Ancient and Medieval Food Timeline
Instructions:
- Divide the class into groups of 3-4 students.
- Ask each group to study the materials and create a timeline of food and cooking in ancient and medieval times on a strip of paper. The timeline should include at least 10 key events, such as the invention of the plow, the development of iron cookware, the introduction of spices, etc.
- Once each group has completed their timeline, ask each group to present their timeline to the class.
- On the whiteboard or blackboard, create a class timeline that combines all of the groups' timelines. Encourage students to ask questions and make corrections to the class timeline.
- Finally, have a discussion with the class about the impact of food and cooking on society and culture throughout history.
SUMMARY
- The study of food history in the ancient world and Middle Ages is crucial in understanding human society's progression, including crops cultivated, farming and food production techniques, culinary methods, and dishes.
- Food history provides insight into the economic, social, and cultural advancements of a community, such as the rise of guilds that regulated food production and sale and dishes that reflect societal values, beliefs, and practices.
- Acknowledging the negative aspects of food history, such as the exploitation of enslaved and serf labor and inequalities in food systems, is essential in creating a just and equitable food system for all.
- Cherry-picking in history, the practice of choosing only certain events or aspects to fit one's agenda or perspective, can lead to a distorted and incomplete understanding of the past, but it can also shed light on marginalized perspectives or challenge dominant narratives.
- Cherry-picking can motivate people to create change, such as the American Revolution, but can also lead to a twisted version of the past, such as glorifying past injustices.
ASSIGNMENTS
- Forum Discussion #7
- QUIZ #2
Remember all assignments, tests and quizzes must be submitted official via BLACKBOARD
Forum Discussion #7
The Weird History YouTube channel is a unique and intriguing destination for those who are interested in exploring the lesser-known and often bizarre stories of the past. From ancient civilizations to modern times, this channel delves into the peculiar and unusual aspects of history that are often overlooked in traditional education. Each video is presented in a lively and engaging style, with plenty of visuals and animations to help bring the stories to life. Whether you're a history buff or just looking for something different to watch, the Weird History YouTube channel is sure to keep you entertained and educated. Watch this video and answer the following question:
"How has the industrialization of food production affected the American diet and way of life? Discuss specific examples and the impact on society, including any negative consequences."
Need help? Remember the Discussion Board Rubric.
THE RUNDOWN
Now, when you think of Italian food, you're probably imagining a big, hot slice of pizza, some juicy chicken Parmesan, or maybe some tagliatelle pasta with a hearty Bolognese sauce. But let me tell you, the ancient Romans had some bizarre culinary preferences that would make even the most adventurous eaters among us squirm. Come on in, folks, let's talk about the weirdest and wackiest foods from ancient Roman cuisine. I'm talking about delicacies like dolphin meatballs, parrot heads, and fermented fish guts. These are things that would make your stomach turn faster than a record on a phonograph. But for the people of Rome, these were just regular menu items they chowed down on without a second thought. Back then, meat was considered a delicacy, and the wealthy were the only ones who could afford it. And when it came to exotic meats, like a peacock, well, that was reserved for only the most special of occasions. Apicius, a collection of First Century recipes and food facts, listed peacock as a first-ranked dish. It was even more luxurious than other highly-regarded foods, like lobster, rabbit, chicken, and pork.
But if peacock wasn't strange enough for you, how about some sterile sow's womb? Yes, you heard that right. The ancient Romans loved this delicacy, and they prepared it in a variety of ways. One recipe called for cooking the womb in a mixture of pepper, celery seed, dry mint, laser root, honey, vinegar, and broth. Another involved grilling the womb after coating it in bran and soaking it in a brine. Don't worry; I won't judge if you suddenly feel hankering for some womb after hearing all this talk. And let's remember Elagabalus, an emperor known for his extravagant dinner parties. According to Augusta, he loved serving up the most exotic delicacies, including parrot heads, pheasant heads, and even peacock heads. The flamingo was also a famous bird to eat, and the Romans would prepare it by boiling the meat in a mixture of dill, salt, and vinegar before adding leeks, coriander, and other spices to the mix. Some recipes even added dates for sweetness.
But the Romans didn't just eat parrots; they considered them conversation partners. Pliny the Elder wrote that parrots were fascinating creatures because they could imitate human voices and engage in conversations. He even observed that a parrot under the influence of wine could become quite the lively conversationalist. So, there you have it, folks—the weirdest foods from ancient Roman cuisine. Keep an open mind and an empty stomach!
LEGAL MUMBO JUMBO
Need help? Remember the Discussion Board Rubric.
THE RUNDOWN
Now, when you think of Italian food, you're probably imagining a big, hot slice of pizza, some juicy chicken Parmesan, or maybe some tagliatelle pasta with a hearty Bolognese sauce. But let me tell you, the ancient Romans had some bizarre culinary preferences that would make even the most adventurous eaters among us squirm. Come on in, folks, let's talk about the weirdest and wackiest foods from ancient Roman cuisine. I'm talking about delicacies like dolphin meatballs, parrot heads, and fermented fish guts. These are things that would make your stomach turn faster than a record on a phonograph. But for the people of Rome, these were just regular menu items they chowed down on without a second thought. Back then, meat was considered a delicacy, and the wealthy were the only ones who could afford it. And when it came to exotic meats, like a peacock, well, that was reserved for only the most special of occasions. Apicius, a collection of First Century recipes and food facts, listed peacock as a first-ranked dish. It was even more luxurious than other highly-regarded foods, like lobster, rabbit, chicken, and pork.
But if peacock wasn't strange enough for you, how about some sterile sow's womb? Yes, you heard that right. The ancient Romans loved this delicacy, and they prepared it in a variety of ways. One recipe called for cooking the womb in a mixture of pepper, celery seed, dry mint, laser root, honey, vinegar, and broth. Another involved grilling the womb after coating it in bran and soaking it in a brine. Don't worry; I won't judge if you suddenly feel hankering for some womb after hearing all this talk. And let's remember Elagabalus, an emperor known for his extravagant dinner parties. According to Augusta, he loved serving up the most exotic delicacies, including parrot heads, pheasant heads, and even peacock heads. The flamingo was also a famous bird to eat, and the Romans would prepare it by boiling the meat in a mixture of dill, salt, and vinegar before adding leeks, coriander, and other spices to the mix. Some recipes even added dates for sweetness.
But the Romans didn't just eat parrots; they considered them conversation partners. Pliny the Elder wrote that parrots were fascinating creatures because they could imitate human voices and engage in conversations. He even observed that a parrot under the influence of wine could become quite the lively conversationalist. So, there you have it, folks—the weirdest foods from ancient Roman cuisine. Keep an open mind and an empty stomach!
LEGAL MUMBO JUMBO
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