HST 202 Module #4
All Jazzed Up (1914 CE - 1920 CE)
Imagine it's 1914. The world is embroiled in conflict akin to inebriated bar patrons squabbling at the last call. World War I erupts, prompting a frenzied rush to pick sides. War, they say, fuels economic prosperity, right? Factories churn out munitions at a staggering rate, resembling squirrels hoarding nuts for the winter. Meanwhile, inflation renders the average citizen's wallet as worthless as a screen door on a submarine. Then there's Russia, undergoing a revolution. Communism spreads like wildfire. The Red Scare grips America tighter than a hangover after a night of bathtub gin. Suddenly, Bolsheviks lurk behind every corner, and Uncle Sam clutches his pearls like a startled debutante.
The Great Migration is underway, as individuals from the South flock to the North in pursuit of freedom from Jim Crow laws. They bring with them jazz, culture, and a rebellious spirit, transforming cities into hubs of creativity and dissent. It's as if the Roaring Twenties arrived early, sans the flapper dresses and Gatsby-esque opulence. The Women's Suffrage Movement gains momentum, with determined women refusing to accept "no" for an answer. They fight fervently for the right to vote, proving they're more than just decorative figures. Suffrage may have been the catalyst for gender equality, but there's still a long road ahead before we all gather around the feminist campfire singing "Kumbaya."
Oh, and consumerism? It's booming. Thanks to assembly lines and persuasive advertising, we purchase unnecessary goods faster than in the blink of an eye. In contrast, it lines the pockets of big business and cultivates a society enslaved to materialism.
THE RUNDOWN
QUESTIONS
Imagine it's 1914. The world is embroiled in conflict akin to inebriated bar patrons squabbling at the last call. World War I erupts, prompting a frenzied rush to pick sides. War, they say, fuels economic prosperity, right? Factories churn out munitions at a staggering rate, resembling squirrels hoarding nuts for the winter. Meanwhile, inflation renders the average citizen's wallet as worthless as a screen door on a submarine. Then there's Russia, undergoing a revolution. Communism spreads like wildfire. The Red Scare grips America tighter than a hangover after a night of bathtub gin. Suddenly, Bolsheviks lurk behind every corner, and Uncle Sam clutches his pearls like a startled debutante.
The Great Migration is underway, as individuals from the South flock to the North in pursuit of freedom from Jim Crow laws. They bring with them jazz, culture, and a rebellious spirit, transforming cities into hubs of creativity and dissent. It's as if the Roaring Twenties arrived early, sans the flapper dresses and Gatsby-esque opulence. The Women's Suffrage Movement gains momentum, with determined women refusing to accept "no" for an answer. They fight fervently for the right to vote, proving they're more than just decorative figures. Suffrage may have been the catalyst for gender equality, but there's still a long road ahead before we all gather around the feminist campfire singing "Kumbaya."
Oh, and consumerism? It's booming. Thanks to assembly lines and persuasive advertising, we purchase unnecessary goods faster than in the blink of an eye. In contrast, it lines the pockets of big business and cultivates a society enslaved to materialism.
THE RUNDOWN
- World War I begins in 1914, driving mass production, soaring inflation, and war-focused economies.
- Russia falls to revolution as the Bolsheviks rise, communism spreads, and the West panics in the Red Scare.
- The Great Migration reshapes America as Black Americans escape Jim Crow, energizing Northern cities and sparking the Harlem Renaissance.
- Women’s suffrage peaks with relentless activism, overcoming opposition to win the 19th Amendment, though equality remains distant.
- Consumerism grows as mass production and ads fuel a culture of buying, linking success to possessions over principles.
- War, revolution, migration, and upheaval reshape the world, setting the stage for a turbulent 20th century.
QUESTIONS
- How did World War I impact people's lives in the early 20th century? Discuss both the positive and negative effects on society.
- What were some of the key factors that led to the Women's Suffrage Movement in the United States? How did this movement change the role of women in society?
- Imagine you lived during the 1920s. How might you have experienced the effects of the Great Migration? Discuss how this movement influenced culture and diversity in urban areas.
#4 Don't Focus on the 1% of History
Imagine a scenario where the accounts of our past, those ancient volumes of purported wisdom, have consistently originated from the so-called victors. But who exactly constitutes these victors? Primarily, they represent the elite 1%, the influential figures, those audacious individuals armed with quills and inkwells and formidable armies. We find ourselves navigating the convoluted passages of history akin to rodents traversing a maze conceived by Kafka under the influence of the intricate tapestry of human existence. And what revelation awaits? The ordinary people, the laborers, those devoid of armies but burdened with the unenviable task of confronting them are the unsung protagonists, the supporting actors in the epic saga of humanity.
Consider the Industrial Revolution. Indeed, steam engines, textile mills, and inventors adorned in top hats make appearances, yet who truly propels the gears and tightens the screws? It is not Sir Elegance with the monocle; instead, it is the average individuals, toiling away in factories, acquiring calluses rivaling those of a bare-handed rock climber. Let's rewind to the Civil Rights Movement on the topic of revolutions. Martin Luther King Jr. is a visionary, but let us not overlook the dreamers on the ground—those who confronted fire hoses and police dogs armed only with righteous anger and the audacity to defy oppression. It was not a solo performance; it resembled a punk rock ensemble of activism, eschewing conformity.
Why does all this bear significance in our era dominated by hashtags and viral memes? Because history transcends a mere chronicle of dates and deceased individuals of a particular ethnicity. It is the narrative of strife, the tale of the underprivileged who somehow resisted surrendering to oblivion. It encapsulates the account of the overlooked, the unheralded, and the exceedingly tenacious individuals who refused to be relegated to mere footnotes. Undoubtedly, delving into history beyond the privileged 1% may not secure you a lucratively compensated occupation, but it undeniably enhances your conversational allure at social gatherings. Envision dispensing insightful anecdotes about the genuine heroes of the past while indulging in your meticulously sourced latte. You would embody the epitome of a stylish time-traveling history enthusiast.
Here's to the uncelebrated heroes, the dissidents, and the agitators who sculpted the world while the 1% indulged in golf and monopolized the cigar market. Let us toast the ordinary individuals who, as it turns out, were rather extraordinary. Cheers to the foot soldiers of history, the authentic architects of transformation, and those who defiantly rebuffed the status quo. May their narratives endure, be recounted, and acquire meme status for generations.
RUNDOWN
Imagine a scenario where the accounts of our past, those ancient volumes of purported wisdom, have consistently originated from the so-called victors. But who exactly constitutes these victors? Primarily, they represent the elite 1%, the influential figures, those audacious individuals armed with quills and inkwells and formidable armies. We find ourselves navigating the convoluted passages of history akin to rodents traversing a maze conceived by Kafka under the influence of the intricate tapestry of human existence. And what revelation awaits? The ordinary people, the laborers, those devoid of armies but burdened with the unenviable task of confronting them are the unsung protagonists, the supporting actors in the epic saga of humanity.
Consider the Industrial Revolution. Indeed, steam engines, textile mills, and inventors adorned in top hats make appearances, yet who truly propels the gears and tightens the screws? It is not Sir Elegance with the monocle; instead, it is the average individuals, toiling away in factories, acquiring calluses rivaling those of a bare-handed rock climber. Let's rewind to the Civil Rights Movement on the topic of revolutions. Martin Luther King Jr. is a visionary, but let us not overlook the dreamers on the ground—those who confronted fire hoses and police dogs armed only with righteous anger and the audacity to defy oppression. It was not a solo performance; it resembled a punk rock ensemble of activism, eschewing conformity.
Why does all this bear significance in our era dominated by hashtags and viral memes? Because history transcends a mere chronicle of dates and deceased individuals of a particular ethnicity. It is the narrative of strife, the tale of the underprivileged who somehow resisted surrendering to oblivion. It encapsulates the account of the overlooked, the unheralded, and the exceedingly tenacious individuals who refused to be relegated to mere footnotes. Undoubtedly, delving into history beyond the privileged 1% may not secure you a lucratively compensated occupation, but it undeniably enhances your conversational allure at social gatherings. Envision dispensing insightful anecdotes about the genuine heroes of the past while indulging in your meticulously sourced latte. You would embody the epitome of a stylish time-traveling history enthusiast.
Here's to the uncelebrated heroes, the dissidents, and the agitators who sculpted the world while the 1% indulged in golf and monopolized the cigar market. Let us toast the ordinary individuals who, as it turns out, were rather extraordinary. Cheers to the foot soldiers of history, the authentic architects of transformation, and those who defiantly rebuffed the status quo. May their narratives endure, be recounted, and acquire meme status for generations.
RUNDOWN
- Comprehends shared human stories comprehensively.
- Reveals overlooked history through ordinary people's experiences.
- Vital for promoting inclusivity and challenging inequalities.
- Broadens historical perspective and acknowledges marginalized groups.
- Ordinary people's experiences provide insights into today's systems.
- Positive and negative outcomes: Empowers collective action but warns against perpetuating stereotypes.
STATE OF THE UNION
The world in 1914 was a smoldering powder keg with a lit fuse, a swirling cocktail of empire, ambition, and lunacy about to spill over into the blood-soaked trenches of the Great War. Kings and Kaisers strutted like peacocks, diplomats whispered in smoky backrooms, and the industrial machine cranked out bullets faster than it could print peace treaties. The Ottoman Empire was wheezing its last breath while revolutionaries from Mexico to Moscow sharpened their knives, waiting for their moment. In the neon glow of early modernity, jazz was born, silent films flickered in dark theaters, and the first automobiles rattled over cobblestone streets, honking at horse-drawn carriages like a mechanical middle finger to the past. But then—boom—Sarajevo, a pistol shot, a dead archduke, and suddenly, the world went from roaring to screaming.
HIGHLIGHTS
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We've got some fine classroom lectures coming your way, all courtesy of the RPTM podcast. These lectures will take you on a wild ride through history, exploring everything from ancient civilizations and epic battles to scientific breakthroughs and artistic revolutions. The podcast will guide you through each lecture with its no-nonsense, straight-talking style, using various sources to give you the lowdown on each topic. You won't find any fancy-pants jargon or convoluted theories here, just plain and straightforward explanations anyone can understand. So sit back and prepare to soak up some knowledge.
LECTURES
LECTURES
- COMING SOON
The Reading section—a realm where our aspirations of enlightenment often clash with the harsh realities of procrastination and the desperate reliance on Google. We soldier on through dense texts, promised 'broadening perspectives' but often wrestling with existential dread and academic pressure. With a healthy dose of sarcasm and a strong cup of coffee, I'll be your guide on this wild journey from dusty tomes to the murky depths of postmodernism. In the midst of all the pretentious prose, there's a glimmer of insight: we're all in this together, united in our struggle to survive without losing our sanity.
READING
This class utilizes the following textbook:
Brinkley, Alan, John M. Giggie, and Andrew J. Huebner. The Unfinished Nation: A Concise History of the American People. 10th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2022.
Alan Brinkley, a profound intellectual force in history, is the kind of professor who delves deep into the fabric of American politics. A bestselling author and former provost at Columbia, Brinkley's books are not just academic exercises but profound explorations into the New Deal, the Great Depression, and the American dream. From the Ivy League to Oxford, this man has immersed himself in history, unearthing the truth with a precision that cuts through the fog of political rhetoric. Brinkley's academic career is a beacon of knowledge, illuminating the darkest corners of history.
And then there is John M. Giggie, a Southern history powerhouse who plunges into the weighty past of the Civil Rights Movement, lynching, and race in the Deep South. With a PhD from Princeton, he is the kind of scholar who does not just teach about the past—he compels you to grapple with it, to confront the violence and memory that still haunt the American South. His courses are not leisurely walks through history; they are potent reminders, grenades hurled at anyone too comfortable with the sanitized version of the past. Meanwhile, Andrew Huebner, a man who blends war, culture, and American identity like a potent cocktail, is in his intellectual trench, unpacking the harsh realities of war's impact on society. Huebner exposes the painful wounds of American history, dissecting everything from the brutality of WWI to the emotional scars that still linger. Together, these three scholars are not just documenting history—they are forcing us to confront it, heavy and unvarnished, in the modern world.
RUNDOWN
READING
- Brinkley Chapter 20: The Progressives
This class utilizes the following textbook:
Brinkley, Alan, John M. Giggie, and Andrew J. Huebner. The Unfinished Nation: A Concise History of the American People. 10th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2022.
Alan Brinkley, a profound intellectual force in history, is the kind of professor who delves deep into the fabric of American politics. A bestselling author and former provost at Columbia, Brinkley's books are not just academic exercises but profound explorations into the New Deal, the Great Depression, and the American dream. From the Ivy League to Oxford, this man has immersed himself in history, unearthing the truth with a precision that cuts through the fog of political rhetoric. Brinkley's academic career is a beacon of knowledge, illuminating the darkest corners of history.
And then there is John M. Giggie, a Southern history powerhouse who plunges into the weighty past of the Civil Rights Movement, lynching, and race in the Deep South. With a PhD from Princeton, he is the kind of scholar who does not just teach about the past—he compels you to grapple with it, to confront the violence and memory that still haunt the American South. His courses are not leisurely walks through history; they are potent reminders, grenades hurled at anyone too comfortable with the sanitized version of the past. Meanwhile, Andrew Huebner, a man who blends war, culture, and American identity like a potent cocktail, is in his intellectual trench, unpacking the harsh realities of war's impact on society. Huebner exposes the painful wounds of American history, dissecting everything from the brutality of WWI to the emotional scars that still linger. Together, these three scholars are not just documenting history—they are forcing us to confront it, heavy and unvarnished, in the modern world.
RUNDOWN
- The Progressive Era (late 19th–early 20th century) aimed to fix corruption, inequality, and social issues through government action and public activism.
- Muckrakers exposed corporate greed, government corruption, and poor labor conditions, leading to agencies like the FDA and FTC to protect consumers and regulate businesses.
- Women pushed for labor rights, social welfare, and voting rights, leading to the Nineteenth Amendment (1920), granting women the right to vote.
- Major reforms included the Federal Reserve Act (1913) for banking stability, child labor laws, workplace safety rules, and urban sanitation improvements.
- Leaders like Roosevelt, Wilson, and La Follette supported democratic reforms, conservation, and Prohibition, which became law under the Eighteenth Amendment (1919).
- The movement declined due to World War I, conservative pushback, and ongoing racial inequality, despite efforts from Black leaders like W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington.
Howard Zinn was a historian, writer, and political activist known for his critical analysis of American history. He is particularly well-known for his counter-narrative to traditional American history accounts and highlights marginalized groups' experiences and perspectives. Zinn's work is often associated with social history and is known for his Marxist and socialist views. Larry Schweikart is also a historian, but his work and perspective are often considered more conservative. Schweikart's work is often associated with military history, and he is known for his support of free-market economics and limited government. Overall, Zinn and Schweikart have different perspectives on various historical issues and events and may interpret historical events and phenomena differently. Occasionally, we will also look at Thaddeus Russell, a historian, author, and academic. Russell has written extensively on the history of social and cultural change, and his work focuses on how marginalized and oppressed groups have challenged and transformed mainstream culture. Russell is known for his unconventional and controversial ideas, and his work has been praised for its originality and provocative nature.
My classes utilize both Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States and Larry Schweikart's Patriot's History of the United States, mostly in excerpts posted to the modules. You can access the full text of People's History or Patriot's History by clicking on the links.
My classes utilize both Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States and Larry Schweikart's Patriot's History of the United States, mostly in excerpts posted to the modules. You can access the full text of People's History or Patriot's History by clicking on the links.
Zinn, A People's History of the United States
"...Thus, in that inevitable taking of sides which comes from selection and emphasis in history, I prefer to try to tell the story of the discovery of America from the viewpoint of the Arawaks, of the Constitution from the standpoint of the slaves, of Andrew Jackson as seen by the Cherokees, of the Civil War as seen by the New York Irish, of the Mexican war as seen by the deserting soldiers of Scott's army, of the rise of industrialism as seen by the young women in the Lowell textile mills, of the Spanish-American war as seen by the Cubans, the conquest of the Philippines as seen by black soldiers on Luzon, the Gilded Age as seen by southern farmers, the First World War as seen by socialists, the Second World War as seen by pacifists, the New Deal as seen by blacks in Harlem, the postwar American empire as seen by peons in Latin America. And so on, to the limited extent that any one person, however he or she strains, can "see" history from the standpoint of others..."
"... A remarkably perceptive article on the nature of the First World War appeared in May 1915 in the Atlantic Monthly. Written by W. E. B. Du Bois, it was tided 'The African Roots of War.' It was a war for empire, of which the struggle between Germany and the Allies over Africa was both symbol and reality: '.. . in a very real sense Africa is a prime cause of this terrible overturning of civilization which we have lived to see.' Africa, Du Bois said, is "the Land of the Twentieth Century,' because of the gold and diamonds of South Africa, the cocoa of Angola and Nigeria, the rubber and ivory of the Congo, the palm oil of the West Coast..."
"...Thus, in that inevitable taking of sides which comes from selection and emphasis in history, I prefer to try to tell the story of the discovery of America from the viewpoint of the Arawaks, of the Constitution from the standpoint of the slaves, of Andrew Jackson as seen by the Cherokees, of the Civil War as seen by the New York Irish, of the Mexican war as seen by the deserting soldiers of Scott's army, of the rise of industrialism as seen by the young women in the Lowell textile mills, of the Spanish-American war as seen by the Cubans, the conquest of the Philippines as seen by black soldiers on Luzon, the Gilded Age as seen by southern farmers, the First World War as seen by socialists, the Second World War as seen by pacifists, the New Deal as seen by blacks in Harlem, the postwar American empire as seen by peons in Latin America. And so on, to the limited extent that any one person, however he or she strains, can "see" history from the standpoint of others..."
"... A remarkably perceptive article on the nature of the First World War appeared in May 1915 in the Atlantic Monthly. Written by W. E. B. Du Bois, it was tided 'The African Roots of War.' It was a war for empire, of which the struggle between Germany and the Allies over Africa was both symbol and reality: '.. . in a very real sense Africa is a prime cause of this terrible overturning of civilization which we have lived to see.' Africa, Du Bois said, is "the Land of the Twentieth Century,' because of the gold and diamonds of South Africa, the cocoa of Angola and Nigeria, the rubber and ivory of the Congo, the palm oil of the West Coast..."
Larry Schweikart, A Patriot's History of the United States
"... Despite the continued struggles of blacks, it was nevertheless the case that America by 1910 had successfully blended more—and more radically different—people than any other society in human history, and had spread over the lot of them a broad blanket of public protections, civil rights, educational support, and, equally important, civic expectations. In World War I, the willingness of German-Americans to fight against Germany, for example, convinced many of their complete Americanization. In addition, the fact that a Catholic could run for the presidency just a decade after that further underscored the melting-pot principle. Unfortunately, African Americans remained largely excluded from the “pot” for several decades, despite pandering by the administration of Teddy Roosevelt’s cousin Franklin. Well into the twentieth century, blacks remained divided over which of the three paths to follow—Washington’s, Du Bois’s, or Garvey’s..."
"... Anyone looking at the American economy from 1919 to 1921 might have been completely misled about the future. The end of World War I brought the return of millions of soldiers and sailors to farms and factories in the United States and Europe, and the destruction wreaked by several years of combat had disrupted normal economic activities, fattened the U.S. government, and glutted the job markets. Farmers were especially devastated, with farm prices plummeting after the European farmers—who had been holding rifles instead of hoes just months earlier—abruptly returned to the land. In the United States, the weakening of the agricultural sector, although not in itself debilitating, had severe but largely hidden repercussions..."
"... Despite the continued struggles of blacks, it was nevertheless the case that America by 1910 had successfully blended more—and more radically different—people than any other society in human history, and had spread over the lot of them a broad blanket of public protections, civil rights, educational support, and, equally important, civic expectations. In World War I, the willingness of German-Americans to fight against Germany, for example, convinced many of their complete Americanization. In addition, the fact that a Catholic could run for the presidency just a decade after that further underscored the melting-pot principle. Unfortunately, African Americans remained largely excluded from the “pot” for several decades, despite pandering by the administration of Teddy Roosevelt’s cousin Franklin. Well into the twentieth century, blacks remained divided over which of the three paths to follow—Washington’s, Du Bois’s, or Garvey’s..."
"... Anyone looking at the American economy from 1919 to 1921 might have been completely misled about the future. The end of World War I brought the return of millions of soldiers and sailors to farms and factories in the United States and Europe, and the destruction wreaked by several years of combat had disrupted normal economic activities, fattened the U.S. government, and glutted the job markets. Farmers were especially devastated, with farm prices plummeting after the European farmers—who had been holding rifles instead of hoes just months earlier—abruptly returned to the land. In the United States, the weakening of the agricultural sector, although not in itself debilitating, had severe but largely hidden repercussions..."
Thaddeus Russell, A Renegade History of the United States
"...Draft evasion as well as insubordination against commanding officers in the military remained far greater among African Americans than among whites from the two world wars through the Korean and Vietnam wars. During World War I, the only black combat division in the American Expeditionary Force frequently ran away during battles, resulting in the removal of the entire division from the front. There is also substantial anecdotal evidence that during both world wars, large numbers of black men feigned illness or insanity to evade the draft..."
"...Draft evasion as well as insubordination against commanding officers in the military remained far greater among African Americans than among whites from the two world wars through the Korean and Vietnam wars. During World War I, the only black combat division in the American Expeditionary Force frequently ran away during battles, resulting in the removal of the entire division from the front. There is also substantial anecdotal evidence that during both world wars, large numbers of black men feigned illness or insanity to evade the draft..."
What Does Professor Lancaster Think?
The intricate interplay of historical narratives, where valor often resides in the unlikeliest protagonists while bureaucratic guises cloak the true faces of villainy. World War I emerged as a colossal stage of tumult, where nations clashed amidst ideological strife, akin to an ill-fated rendezvous on a digital dating platform. Yet, amidst this chaos, let us illuminate the oft-overlooked figures of valor, the Harlem Hellfighters – champions who not only braved the enemy's onslaught but also combated the scourge of discrimination.
Picture enlisting to stake life and limb for a nation grappling ineptly with racial divides. It's akin to volunteering for frat-house duty only to find the living room off-limits. These African American soldiers stood ready to confront the adversary, yet Uncle Sam's preoccupation with skin color overshadowed their allegiance to the nation's cause.
Consider the act of draft evasion. Can one fault a man for shunning a war where he's preordained as a second-class combatant? "Certainly, I'm thrilled to fight for a country segregating its water fountains," said no one, ever.
And upon reaching the front lines, did they receive the laurels and reverence befitting their valor? Hardly. Instead of rifles, they were handed shovels and instructed to dig trenches rather than stand shoulder-to-shoulder with their white counterparts. It's akin to being invited to a soirée only to be assigned dishwashing duties. Thanks for the invite, but I signed up for the action, not menial tasks. Yet, let's not dwell on the quagmire of discrimination; let's extol the Harlem Hellfighters. These warriors didn't merely breach enemy lines; they shattered racial stereotypes with the force of a sledgehammer through glass. They were the World War I Avengers sans Hollywood contracts and flashy attire. They fought with the ferocity of cornered felines and the panache of a Harlem jazz ensemble – all while evading bullets and bigotry.
Consider Henry Johnson, confronting a German raiding party armed with naught but a rifle, a blade, and perhaps a questioning echo of his enlistment decision. He fought like a one-person demolition crew, earning the begrudging respect of his foes, who dubbed him "Black Death." Noteworthy for a man later bestowed a token acknowledgment by the U.S. military. Despite their valor, African American soldiers returned to a homeland still blinded by prejudice. Henry Johnson received less recognition than a social media influencer's pet. It is a stark reminder that equality remains a distant ideal even in the throes of the battle for freedom.
As we ponder the African American experience in World War I, let's not merely applaud their contributions but confront the paradox of a system sending men to battle for freedom while withholding that very freedom at home. The Harlem Hellfighters weren't just soldiers; they were pioneers, dismantling the barriers of bigotry with each step. In the vast tapestry of history, the narrative of African American soldiers in World War I threads through the fabric of valor, injustice, and resilience. Let's not simply observe but delve deep, confronting uncomfortable truths akin to stubborn stains on pristine attire. Until we do, history shall echo in cycles, ensnared in ignorance thicker than the fog of war.
THE RUNDOWN
QUESTIONS
The intricate interplay of historical narratives, where valor often resides in the unlikeliest protagonists while bureaucratic guises cloak the true faces of villainy. World War I emerged as a colossal stage of tumult, where nations clashed amidst ideological strife, akin to an ill-fated rendezvous on a digital dating platform. Yet, amidst this chaos, let us illuminate the oft-overlooked figures of valor, the Harlem Hellfighters – champions who not only braved the enemy's onslaught but also combated the scourge of discrimination.
Picture enlisting to stake life and limb for a nation grappling ineptly with racial divides. It's akin to volunteering for frat-house duty only to find the living room off-limits. These African American soldiers stood ready to confront the adversary, yet Uncle Sam's preoccupation with skin color overshadowed their allegiance to the nation's cause.
Consider the act of draft evasion. Can one fault a man for shunning a war where he's preordained as a second-class combatant? "Certainly, I'm thrilled to fight for a country segregating its water fountains," said no one, ever.
And upon reaching the front lines, did they receive the laurels and reverence befitting their valor? Hardly. Instead of rifles, they were handed shovels and instructed to dig trenches rather than stand shoulder-to-shoulder with their white counterparts. It's akin to being invited to a soirée only to be assigned dishwashing duties. Thanks for the invite, but I signed up for the action, not menial tasks. Yet, let's not dwell on the quagmire of discrimination; let's extol the Harlem Hellfighters. These warriors didn't merely breach enemy lines; they shattered racial stereotypes with the force of a sledgehammer through glass. They were the World War I Avengers sans Hollywood contracts and flashy attire. They fought with the ferocity of cornered felines and the panache of a Harlem jazz ensemble – all while evading bullets and bigotry.
Consider Henry Johnson, confronting a German raiding party armed with naught but a rifle, a blade, and perhaps a questioning echo of his enlistment decision. He fought like a one-person demolition crew, earning the begrudging respect of his foes, who dubbed him "Black Death." Noteworthy for a man later bestowed a token acknowledgment by the U.S. military. Despite their valor, African American soldiers returned to a homeland still blinded by prejudice. Henry Johnson received less recognition than a social media influencer's pet. It is a stark reminder that equality remains a distant ideal even in the throes of the battle for freedom.
As we ponder the African American experience in World War I, let's not merely applaud their contributions but confront the paradox of a system sending men to battle for freedom while withholding that very freedom at home. The Harlem Hellfighters weren't just soldiers; they were pioneers, dismantling the barriers of bigotry with each step. In the vast tapestry of history, the narrative of African American soldiers in World War I threads through the fabric of valor, injustice, and resilience. Let's not simply observe but delve deep, confronting uncomfortable truths akin to stubborn stains on pristine attire. Until we do, history shall echo in cycles, ensnared in ignorance thicker than the fog of war.
THE RUNDOWN
- Dual Struggle: African Americans faced the paradox of patriotism and systemic racism in 1917, complicating their wartime experiences.
- Resistance and Mistrust: Higher rates of draft evasion stemmed from deep mistrust of a racially unequal government and fear of discrimination in the armed forces.
- Segregation in Service: Despite willingness to fight, African American soldiers were often relegated to support roles, denying combat opportunities and recognition.
- Harlem Hellfighters: The 369th Infantry Regiment emerged as one of WWI's most decorated units, challenging stereotypes and paving the way for future African American servicemen and women.
- Unveiling Complexity: Studying African American experiences reveals deep-seated roots of systemic racism, offering insights into contemporary social issues.
- Honoring Legacy: Amplifying African American soldiers' voices honors their struggle and contributes to the ongoing fight for equality and justice.
QUESTIONS
- How did the experiences of the Harlem Hellfighters during World War I challenge conventional narratives of heroism and patriotism in the United States?
- In what ways did the discrimination faced by African American soldiers during World War I reflect broader societal issues of racism and inequality?
- What were the long-term implications of the Harlem Hellfighters' contributions to the Civil Rights Movement in the United States?
A cartoon published in Puck magazine on January 25, 1899, illustrates the perspective of American imperialists.
Prepare to be transported into the captivating realm of historical films and videos. Brace yourselves for a mind-bending odyssey through time as we embark on a cinematic expedition. Within these flickering frames, the past morphs into a vivid tapestry of triumphs, tragedies, and transformative moments that have shaped the very fabric of our existence. We shall immerse ourselves in a whirlwind of visual narratives, dissecting the nuances of artistic interpretations, examining the storytelling techniques, and voraciously devouring historical accuracy with the ferocity of a time-traveling historian. So strap in, hold tight, and prepare to have your perception of history forever shattered by the mesmerizing lens of the camera.
THE RUNDOWN
The Lusitania, a grand symbol of human ambition, is destined for a watery end amid the chaos of World War I. Imagine it: a majestic ship, filled with opulence and passengers, unaware of the lurking disaster beneath the waves—a metaphor for life's journey, where we sail on, confident in our invincibility until reality strikes, much like a torpedo from a German U-boat. And then there's Franz Ferdinand, not the band, but the Archduke whose assassination sparked the Great War, a cascade of geopolitical turmoil that makes Jenga seem trivial.
Yet, amidst the darkness, technological wonders emerged from the conflict, albeit designed for more efficient destruction. Progress, albeit grim, is still progress. Who could resist the allure of a trench's sanctuary, with its view of no man's land amidst bullets and gas? Post-war revolutions blossomed, communism took root, and America arrived fashionably late. The Versailles Peace Treaty, a masterpiece of blame-shifting, paved the way for round two of the World Wars with more tanks and less optimism. Thus, the First World War remains a tragicomedy of errors, a stark reminder of humanity's capacity for self-destruction, and a testament to the adage that reality often surpasses fiction's strangeness.
The Lusitania, a grand symbol of human ambition, is destined for a watery end amid the chaos of World War I. Imagine it: a majestic ship, filled with opulence and passengers, unaware of the lurking disaster beneath the waves—a metaphor for life's journey, where we sail on, confident in our invincibility until reality strikes, much like a torpedo from a German U-boat. And then there's Franz Ferdinand, not the band, but the Archduke whose assassination sparked the Great War, a cascade of geopolitical turmoil that makes Jenga seem trivial.
Yet, amidst the darkness, technological wonders emerged from the conflict, albeit designed for more efficient destruction. Progress, albeit grim, is still progress. Who could resist the allure of a trench's sanctuary, with its view of no man's land amidst bullets and gas? Post-war revolutions blossomed, communism took root, and America arrived fashionably late. The Versailles Peace Treaty, a masterpiece of blame-shifting, paved the way for round two of the World Wars with more tanks and less optimism. Thus, the First World War remains a tragicomedy of errors, a stark reminder of humanity's capacity for self-destruction, and a testament to the adage that reality often surpasses fiction's strangeness.
Welcome to the mind-bending Key Terms extravaganza of our history class learning module. Brace yourselves; we will unravel the cryptic codes, secret handshakes, and linguistic labyrinths that make up the twisted tapestry of historical knowledge. These key terms are the Rosetta Stones of our academic journey, the skeleton keys to unlocking the enigmatic doors of comprehension. They're like historical Swiss Army knives, equipped with blades of definition and corkscrews of contextual examples, ready to pierce through the fog of confusion and liberate your intellectual curiosity. By harnessing the power of these mighty key terms, you'll possess the superhuman ability to traverse the treacherous terrains of primary sources, surf the tumultuous waves of academic texts, and engage in epic battles of historical debate. The past awaits, and the key terms are keys to unlocking its dazzling secrets.
KEY TERMS
- Harrison Narcotic Act
- World War One
- Asian Americans in WWI
- Latinos in WWI
- African Americans in WWI
- Women in WW1
- Jews in WW1
- Sinking of the Lusitania
- Marcus Garvey
- Margaret Sanger
- Hot Dog
- Pecos Bill
- Immigration Act of 1917
- Chamberlain-Kahn Act
- The 1918 Flu Pandemic
- Chicago Race Riot of 1919
- 1920's Fashion
- NFL
- Amphetamine
- Country Music
- Harlem Renaissance
- 19th Amendment
DISCLAIMER: Welcome scholars to the wild and wacky world of history class. This isn't your granddaddy's boring ol' lecture, baby. We will take a trip through time, which will be one wild ride. I know some of you are in a brick-and-mortar setting, while others are in the vast digital wasteland. But fear not; we're all in this together. Online students might miss out on some in-person interaction, but you can still join in on the fun. This little shindig aims to get you all engaged with the course material and understand how past societies have shaped the world we know today. We'll talk about revolutions, wars, and other crazy stuff. So get ready, kids, because it's going to be one heck of a trip. And for all, you online students out there, don't be shy. Please share your thoughts and ideas with the rest of us. The Professor will do his best to give everyone an equal opportunity to learn, so don't hold back. So, let's do this thing!
Activity #1: Hot Dog History Adventure
Objective: Step into the shoes of a hot dog entrepreneur in 1901 and navigate the twists and turns of the food industry. Your goal is to make choices that will shape the future of the hot dog—will you become a legendary innovator, a controversial business mogul, or a cautionary tale? The decisions you make will determine the fate of your hot dog empire!
Instructions:
Enjoy the game and discover the wild history of the hot dog industry! 🌭🔥
Activity #1: Hot Dog History Adventure
Objective: Step into the shoes of a hot dog entrepreneur in 1901 and navigate the twists and turns of the food industry. Your goal is to make choices that will shape the future of the hot dog—will you become a legendary innovator, a controversial business mogul, or a cautionary tale? The decisions you make will determine the fate of your hot dog empire!
Instructions:
- Read the scenario presented at each stage of the game.
- Choose one of the two available options by clicking the corresponding button.
- Your choices will shape the outcome of your journey, leading you through ten different rounds of historical and business challenges.
- Some decisions may help your hot dog business thrive, while others could lead to disaster—choose wisely!
- After completing all ten rounds, see your final result and determine your legacy in the hot dog industry.
- If you want to try a different path, click the reset button to start over and explore new possibilities.
Enjoy the game and discover the wild history of the hot dog industry! 🌭🔥
Hot Dog History Adventure
You are a hot dog entrepreneur in 1901. Will you make history or end up as mystery meat?
Activity #2: Harlem Hustle
Objective: Step into the Harlem Renaissance and experience the challenges and triumphs of an up-and-coming artist in 1920s Harlem. Your goal is to balance Artistic Credibility, Financial Status, and Social Standing while navigating real historical events, meeting famous figures, and making critical choices. Can you make a name for yourself without losing everything along the way?
Instructions:
Remember: Your decisions matter! Some choices might boost your success but hurt your reputation, while others may be risky but stay true to your principles. There’s no single “right” way to win—only the legacy you create.
Objective: Step into the Harlem Renaissance and experience the challenges and triumphs of an up-and-coming artist in 1920s Harlem. Your goal is to balance Artistic Credibility, Financial Status, and Social Standing while navigating real historical events, meeting famous figures, and making critical choices. Can you make a name for yourself without losing everything along the way?
Instructions:
- Read the Scenario: Each round presents a new situation based on real events and figures from the Harlem Renaissance.
- Make a Choice: You will have two options. Each choice affects your credibility, money, or social standing in different ways.
- Check Your Stats: Keep an eye on your numbers—if any of them drop too low, you might struggle to succeed!
- Advance Through 10 Rounds: Each choice will shape your journey. Choose wisely to build your legacy!
- Complete the Game: After the final round, see how your story unfolds. Did you become a celebrated artist or struggle to stay afloat?
- Restart Anytime: If you want to try a different path, hit the Restart button to play again.
Remember: Your decisions matter! Some choices might boost your success but hurt your reputation, while others may be risky but stay true to your principles. There’s no single “right” way to win—only the legacy you create.
Harlem Hustle: Renaissance Edition
Welcome to Harlem, 1925! You’re an aspiring artist trying to make it big. Choose wisely!
Stats
Artistic Credibility: 50
Financial Status: 50
Social Standing:
Ladies and gentlemen, gather 'round for the pièce de résistance of this classroom module - the summary section. As we embark on this tantalizing journey, we'll savor the exquisite flavors of knowledge, highlighting the fundamental ingredients and spices that have seasoned our minds throughout these captivating lessons. Prepare to indulge in a savory recap that will leave your intellectual taste buds tingling, serving as a passport to further enlightenment.
The turbulent period from 1914 to 1920 in the United States was a time of significant upheaval and political intrigue. It was as if the nation decided to host a grand event, mixing industrialization and war into the punchbowl and extending invitations to diverse attendees, from suffragettes to Bolsheviks. World War I barged in like an unruly guest at a family gathering, disturbing the peace and pulling Uncle Sam into a global conflict. While it stimulated the economy through wartime production, it also laid bare societal inequalities, where the affluent prospered while the less fortunate faced the horrors of combat.
The war also prompted significant shifts for women, who entered the workforce in unprecedented numbers, challenging traditional gender roles. However, their newfound independence was short-lived, as many returned to domestic duties when the men returned home. Meanwhile, Lenin and the Bolsheviks fomented unrest in Russia, causing concern among both radicals and capitalists worldwide. The United States, eager to quell any hint of communism, launched efforts to root out suspected sympathizers, reminiscent of the later era of McCarthyism.
Amidst these tumultuous events, the Great Migration saw millions of African Americans leave the Jim Crow South for better prospects in the North, contributing to a vibrant cultural scene. Yet, they still faced discrimination despite their sacrifices in wartime. The passage of the 19th Amendment marked a significant milestone for women's rights, achieved through the tireless efforts of suffragists like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. However, consumerism was rising, tempting Americans into material excess and a debt cycle.
African American soldiers hailed as heroes abroad returned home to face continued discrimination, exemplified by the treatment of the Harlem Hellfighters. Despite strides in certain areas, the era underscored persistent challenges and contradictions in American society. In reflection, while circumstances change, specific underlying issues remain constant. The years from 1914 to 1920 were emblematic of the chaotic nature of American history, where progress often came with setbacks. Yet, amidst the turmoil, advancements such as suffrage remind us of the enduring quest for equality and justice.
Or, in other words:
The turbulent period from 1914 to 1920 in the United States was a time of significant upheaval and political intrigue. It was as if the nation decided to host a grand event, mixing industrialization and war into the punchbowl and extending invitations to diverse attendees, from suffragettes to Bolsheviks. World War I barged in like an unruly guest at a family gathering, disturbing the peace and pulling Uncle Sam into a global conflict. While it stimulated the economy through wartime production, it also laid bare societal inequalities, where the affluent prospered while the less fortunate faced the horrors of combat.
The war also prompted significant shifts for women, who entered the workforce in unprecedented numbers, challenging traditional gender roles. However, their newfound independence was short-lived, as many returned to domestic duties when the men returned home. Meanwhile, Lenin and the Bolsheviks fomented unrest in Russia, causing concern among both radicals and capitalists worldwide. The United States, eager to quell any hint of communism, launched efforts to root out suspected sympathizers, reminiscent of the later era of McCarthyism.
Amidst these tumultuous events, the Great Migration saw millions of African Americans leave the Jim Crow South for better prospects in the North, contributing to a vibrant cultural scene. Yet, they still faced discrimination despite their sacrifices in wartime. The passage of the 19th Amendment marked a significant milestone for women's rights, achieved through the tireless efforts of suffragists like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. However, consumerism was rising, tempting Americans into material excess and a debt cycle.
African American soldiers hailed as heroes abroad returned home to face continued discrimination, exemplified by the treatment of the Harlem Hellfighters. Despite strides in certain areas, the era underscored persistent challenges and contradictions in American society. In reflection, while circumstances change, specific underlying issues remain constant. The years from 1914 to 1920 were emblematic of the chaotic nature of American history, where progress often came with setbacks. Yet, amidst the turmoil, advancements such as suffrage remind us of the enduring quest for equality and justice.
Or, in other words:
- WWI Economic Impact: The industrial boom widened social gaps, while women's workforce entry challenged traditional norms—exemplified by Rosie the Riveter symbolizing women's contribution.
- Russian Revolution's Global Impact: The revolution inspired U.S. labor activism and triggered the Red Scare, leading to dissent suppression, exemplified by the civil liberties violations of the Palmer Raids.
- The Great Migration: Reshaping demographics and exposing racism, the movement, highlighted by the Harlem Renaissance, showcased African American talents amid societal challenges.
- Women's Suffrage Milestone: Marking gender equality progress, the 19th Amendment's passage, led by pioneers like Anthony and Stanton, paved the way for future feminist movements.
- Rise of Consumer Culture: Fueling economic growth but raising environmental concerns, mass advertising reshaped consumer habits and lifestyles.
- African Americans' Dual Struggle: Facing the patriotism paradox and discrimination, exemplified by the Harlem Hellfighters' valor amidst bias, African Americans encountered challenges during WWI.
ASSIGNMENTS
Forum Discussion #5
- Forum Discussion #5
Forum Discussion #5
The Battlefield series is a well-known and successful franchise of first-person shooter video games. It began in 2002 with the release of Battlefield 1942 on Microsoft Windows and OS X. Developed by Swedish company EA DICE and published by Electronic Arts, the series is known for its large maps, emphasis on teamwork and incorporation of vehicle warfare. The games in the series are primarily focused on online multiplayer, making it a popular choice among PC gamers. With over 50 million players worldwide and a total of 11 games and 12 expansion packs released since its inception, the Battlefield franchise has solidified itself as a staple in the gaming industry. Take a look at the gameplay trailer for Battlefield 1, an installment set during the Great War, and try your hand at a round of multiplayer "Team Deathmatch" if you own the game on any platform. Then answer the following:
What are some historical inaccuracies you see within the gameplay? Do you see anywhere that the game developers get an accurate depiction of World War 1? What are the pros and cons of getting your history from a video game?
Need help? Remember the Discussion Board Rubric.
THE RUNDOWN
Envision a tumultuous scene where the clash of arms and the resonance of suffering blend seamlessly within the digital realm of Battlefield 1, akin to witnessing a tragic Shakespearean play but with more explosions and less poetic meter. As the trailer unfurls its grim narrative, we encounter a disparate assembly of virtual soldiers, their digital visages twisted with a blend of resolve and unadulterated fear, plunging recklessly into the jaws of conflict spurred onward by the coarse camaraderie of profanity-laden rallying cries. Yet, amidst the devastation rendered in breathtaking high definition, from desolate trenches to decimated hamlets, there lies a morbid elegance within the chaos of warfare, discernible in the glint of sunlight off a bayonet or the balletic trajectory of bodies propelled by grenades. Here's to Battlefield 1, a gaming opus that transforms the horrors of the Great War into an electrifying interactive odyssey, offering a glimpse into humanity's shadowy depths and a chance at triumph amid the shadows.
What are some historical inaccuracies you see within the gameplay? Do you see anywhere that the game developers get an accurate depiction of World War 1? What are the pros and cons of getting your history from a video game?
Need help? Remember the Discussion Board Rubric.
THE RUNDOWN
Envision a tumultuous scene where the clash of arms and the resonance of suffering blend seamlessly within the digital realm of Battlefield 1, akin to witnessing a tragic Shakespearean play but with more explosions and less poetic meter. As the trailer unfurls its grim narrative, we encounter a disparate assembly of virtual soldiers, their digital visages twisted with a blend of resolve and unadulterated fear, plunging recklessly into the jaws of conflict spurred onward by the coarse camaraderie of profanity-laden rallying cries. Yet, amidst the devastation rendered in breathtaking high definition, from desolate trenches to decimated hamlets, there lies a morbid elegance within the chaos of warfare, discernible in the glint of sunlight off a bayonet or the balletic trajectory of bodies propelled by grenades. Here's to Battlefield 1, a gaming opus that transforms the horrors of the Great War into an electrifying interactive odyssey, offering a glimpse into humanity's shadowy depths and a chance at triumph amid the shadows.
Hey, welcome to the work cited section! Here's where you'll find all the heavy hitters that inspired the content you've just consumed. Some might think citations are as dull as unbuttered toast, but nothing gets my intellectual juices flowing like a good reference list. Don't get me wrong, just because we've cited a source; doesn't mean we're always going to see eye-to-eye. But that's the beauty of it - it's up to you to chew on the material and come to conclusions. Listen, we've gone to great lengths to ensure these citations are accurate, but let's face it, we're all human. So, give us a holler if you notice any mistakes or suggest more sources. We're always looking to up our game. Ultimately, it's all about pursuing knowledge and truth.
Work Cited:
Work Cited:
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