HST 201 Module #9
Module Nine: What's Yours Is Mine (1839 CE-1848 CE)
The period from 1839 CE to 1848 CE in US history is crucial for understanding the country's social, political, and economic development. This period witnessed a series of events that shaped the course of American history, including the rise of abolitionism, the Second Great Awakening, the Mexican-American War, and the California Gold Rush. Studying this period is essential as it helps us understand the factors that contributed to the growth of American democracy, slavery, and territorial expansion. This essay will examine the key events of this period and their significance in US history.
The rise of abolitionism in the 1830s was one of the most significant events of this period. Abolitionism was a movement that called for the immediate end of slavery in the United States. Abolitionists argued that slavery was a moral evil that violated the principles of the Declaration of Independence. The abolitionist movement was led by prominent figures such as William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Tubman. They used various tactics to advance their cause, including publishing newspapers, organizing protests, and aiding fugitive slaves. The abolitionist movement was crucial in raising awareness about the issue of slavery and laying the groundwork for its eventual abolition.
Another significant event of this period was the Second Great Awakening. The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival that swept across the United States in the 1830s and 1840s. The movement emphasized individualism, moral reform, and salvation. The Second Great Awakening had a profound impact on American society, as it led to the formation of new religious denominations and the growth of social reform movements. Many of the leading abolitionists, such as Garrison and Douglass, were also involved in the Second Great Awakening. The movement provided a moral justification for the abolitionist cause and inspired many Americans to work towards social reform.
The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) was another significant event of this period. The war was fought between the United States and Mexico over territorial disputes. The United States emerged victorious and acquired a vast territory that included California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, and Oklahoma. The Mexican-American War was controversial at the time, as many Americans opposed the war on moral and political grounds. The war raised questions about the United States' commitment to democracy and its relationship with its neighbors.
The California Gold Rush, which began in 1848, was another significant event of this period. The discovery of gold in California attracted thousands of people to the region, leading to a population boom and rapid economic growth. The Gold Rush had a profound impact on California's development, as it transformed the state from a small frontier outpost into a major economic and cultural center. The Gold Rush also had significant environmental consequences, as it led to the destruction of native habitats and the displacement of indigenous populations.
In conclusion, the period from 1839 CE to 1848 CE is crucial for understanding US history. The rise of abolitionism, the Second Great Awakening, the Mexican-American War, and the California Gold Rush were all significant events that shaped the course of American history. Studying this period helps us understand the factors that contributed to the growth of American democracy, slavery, and territorial expansion. While these events had positive effects, such as the end of slavery and the growth of social reform movements, they also had negative consequences, such as the displacement of indigenous populations and the destruction of native habitats.
THE RUNDOWN
QUESTIONS
The period from 1839 CE to 1848 CE in US history is crucial for understanding the country's social, political, and economic development. This period witnessed a series of events that shaped the course of American history, including the rise of abolitionism, the Second Great Awakening, the Mexican-American War, and the California Gold Rush. Studying this period is essential as it helps us understand the factors that contributed to the growth of American democracy, slavery, and territorial expansion. This essay will examine the key events of this period and their significance in US history.
The rise of abolitionism in the 1830s was one of the most significant events of this period. Abolitionism was a movement that called for the immediate end of slavery in the United States. Abolitionists argued that slavery was a moral evil that violated the principles of the Declaration of Independence. The abolitionist movement was led by prominent figures such as William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Tubman. They used various tactics to advance their cause, including publishing newspapers, organizing protests, and aiding fugitive slaves. The abolitionist movement was crucial in raising awareness about the issue of slavery and laying the groundwork for its eventual abolition.
Another significant event of this period was the Second Great Awakening. The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival that swept across the United States in the 1830s and 1840s. The movement emphasized individualism, moral reform, and salvation. The Second Great Awakening had a profound impact on American society, as it led to the formation of new religious denominations and the growth of social reform movements. Many of the leading abolitionists, such as Garrison and Douglass, were also involved in the Second Great Awakening. The movement provided a moral justification for the abolitionist cause and inspired many Americans to work towards social reform.
The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) was another significant event of this period. The war was fought between the United States and Mexico over territorial disputes. The United States emerged victorious and acquired a vast territory that included California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, and Oklahoma. The Mexican-American War was controversial at the time, as many Americans opposed the war on moral and political grounds. The war raised questions about the United States' commitment to democracy and its relationship with its neighbors.
The California Gold Rush, which began in 1848, was another significant event of this period. The discovery of gold in California attracted thousands of people to the region, leading to a population boom and rapid economic growth. The Gold Rush had a profound impact on California's development, as it transformed the state from a small frontier outpost into a major economic and cultural center. The Gold Rush also had significant environmental consequences, as it led to the destruction of native habitats and the displacement of indigenous populations.
In conclusion, the period from 1839 CE to 1848 CE is crucial for understanding US history. The rise of abolitionism, the Second Great Awakening, the Mexican-American War, and the California Gold Rush were all significant events that shaped the course of American history. Studying this period helps us understand the factors that contributed to the growth of American democracy, slavery, and territorial expansion. While these events had positive effects, such as the end of slavery and the growth of social reform movements, they also had negative consequences, such as the displacement of indigenous populations and the destruction of native habitats.
THE RUNDOWN
- The period from 1839-1848 in US history was marked by significant events that shaped the country's social, political, and economic development.
- Abolitionism, which called for the immediate end of slavery, was a prominent movement during this period, and its leaders used various tactics to advance their cause.
- The Second Great Awakening, a religious revival that emphasized individualism and moral reform, had a significant impact on American society and inspired many social reform movements, including abolitionism.
- The Mexican-American War, fought over territorial disputes, led to the acquisition of a vast territory by the United States and raised questions about the country's commitment to democracy and its relationship with its neighbors.
- The California Gold Rush, which began in 1848, attracted thousands of people to the region, leading to a population boom and rapid economic growth, but also had negative consequences, such as the displacement of indigenous populations and environmental destruction.
- Studying this period is crucial to understanding US history, including the factors that contributed to the growth of American democracy, slavery, and territorial expansion, and to gaining insights into the ongoing struggles to balance individual freedom and social justice.
QUESTIONS
- How did the rise of abolitionism and the Second Great Awakening shape American society during the 1839-1848 period? What were the key ideas and strategies of these movements, and how did they interact with each other?
- What were the causes and consequences of the Mexican-American War? How did the war contribute to the expansion of the United States, and what were the moral and political debates surrounding it?
- How did the California Gold Rush impact the development of California and the wider United States? What were the economic, social, and environmental consequences of the gold rush, and how did it shape American identity?
#9 Tear Down Your Idols.
The idea of statues is so frustrating for a historian as they create an internal war within us. I have been known to stop and read every placard on every statue in every town I go on vacation with my family. As I read about the historical importance of whatever mundane event or person is being given credit, I can hear both the collective groan of boredom and the eyes rolling back into the head of my wife and children. What can I say? I like the statues! But the sad reality is some of these statues should not exist. Historically speaking, the figures were created initially as shrines to deities. This goes all the way to when man first learned how to chisel into a rock. But then eventually, as society aged, so did people's taste. The dreaded politician or emperor or king also wanted to be immortalized for centuries. This blurred the lines of fact and reality. Gods were perfect; humans are not. The statue seems to neglect the fact that these very fallible people did very ordinary things. Very mundane things.
Throughout the annals of human history, there have been those deemed worthy of reverence and admiration, often to the point of achieving legendary status. Whether as political leaders or pioneering scientists, these figures have been extolled as exemplars, their exploits serving as a wellspring of inspiration for future generations. However, recently, there has been a mounting discourse over whether we should uphold such figures or take a more critical perspective. While there are undoubtedly benefits to commemorating historical figures, there are also perils that we must confront. By examining this issue, we can deepen our comprehension of how our understanding of the past is constructed and how we can cultivate a more nuanced and accurate depiction of history.
When we hoist someone to the pedestal of a hero or role model, we overlook the nuanced facets of their character and actions. Venerating figures from history can mask their faults and foibles. Take Christopher Columbus, for instance. Many folks hail him as a valiant explorer who "discovered" America. Still, the truth is that his voyages were marred by the ruthless treatment of indigenous folks and the start of a colonization process that had dire consequences for native peoples. Similarly, Thomas Jefferson is often lauded as a defender of liberty and democracy. Still, his stance on slavery and the treatment of those enslaved raises severe doubts about his dedication to those values. By brushing these aspects of historical figures under the rug, we can construct a twisted view of the past that fails to grasp the intricacies and paradoxes of human conduct.
Listen, it's easy to get caught up in the cult of personality. We put these historical figures on a pedestal and fixate on them, forgetting the many other players who helped shape history. But let's remember that history is never just about one person. Take the Civil Rights movement, for instance. We all know about Martin Luther King Jr. and his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech. But the truth is, he was just one part of a much larger movement involving thousands of people who stood up against injustice. We're discussing Ella Baker, Bayard Rustin, and Fannie Lou Hamer. These people organized protests, staged boycotts, and put their bodies on the line for their beliefs. So let's not get caught up in hero worship. Let's remember that history is made by all of us, not just a select few.
There's no denying that worshipping historical figures has some drawbacks, but it's not all bad. There are some upsides to the whole enterprise. One such benefit is that it can be an incredible motivator, inspiring people to strive for excellence and pursue their greatness. Think about it: when we hold up individuals who have accomplished genuinely remarkable things, we can provide a roadmap for others to follow. By emulating the actions of those who have achieved greatness, we can tap into our potential and work towards realizing our own goals. For instance, consider the story of Rosa Parks, who refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus in 1955. Her bravery and commitment to justice have inspired countless people to stand against oppression and inequality. And the example of Mahatma Gandhi and his unwavering commitment to nonviolent resistance has served as a beacon of hope for global activists. But we can't erase that even Gandhi himself has skeleton's living in his closet.
So while it's true that there are some negative aspects to putting historical figures on a pedestal, we shouldn't overlook the positive impact that these icons can have on our lives. Ultimately, the best way to approach our historical heroes is with a mix of admiration and humility, recognizing their accomplishments while acknowledging our potential to achieve greatness. Listen here, my friends, and heed my words, for they are gospel truth. No, sir, the past is not some distant relic to be cast aside and forgotten. Revering those who came before us is crucial in forging our shared identity and purpose as a nation. When we hoist up the likes of George Washington or Abraham Lincoln, we signal to the world that we stand for something and believe in specific values and ideals that define us as a people. It's a rallying cry for all those who share our vision of a better future.
And let me tell you, brothers and sisters, that sense of purpose is powerful. It can unite us like nothing else, uniting us in a common cause to build a more just and equitable society. Look at the Civil Rights movement, for example. The legacy of those brave souls who fought for justice and equality has inspired generations of activists to keep the fight alive, from voting rights to police reform. So let us not forget the giants upon whose shoulders we stand.
Though idolizing historical figures is tempting, we must keep a sharp eye and avoid the snare of hero worship. By recognizing the imperfections and intricacies of these figures, we gain a more refined and truthful comprehension of the past, steering clear of falsehoods and myths. It also helps us celebrate and acknowledge the contributions of a diverse spectrum of individuals instead of elevating a privileged few. Furthermore, analyzing how these figures have been revered or condemned can bring to light how societies shape their historical accounts and how those accounts can reveal prejudices and power struggles.
Let us examine the discourse surrounding the Confederacy relics that dot the United States landscape. These towering statues were erected in the early twentieth century as part of a grander scheme to promote the "Lost Cause" narrative of the Civil War, which enshrined the Confederacy as a virtuous and valiant cause than a defense of enslavement and white supremacy.
Some among us maintain that these memorials should be eradicated, for they propagate a twisted and erroneous version of the past. While others insist that they be preserved, for they are part and parcel of our national legacy, notwithstanding their contentiousness. If we delve deep into the debate and how we remember those who came before us, we can see how the prevailing winds of society and politics influence our view of the past. By doing so, we can learn to build a more inclusive and truthful history that respects the voices of those on the fringes and gives credit to the many different people who have helped shape our world.
Look, let's not kid ourselves. History's full of people we like to put on pedestals to worship as idols. But let me tell you, as a guy who's traveled the world and seen some things; there's always more to the story. These historical figures might have done some good but need to be revised. Like, big time. And we need to be honest about that. Because if we're not, we're just perpetuating many lies and myths. It's not about tearing people down, though. No, it's about understanding them better. It's about recognizing the full spectrum of their humanity, the good and the bad. Only then can we create a more accurate picture of history that includes everyone's contributions. So let's dig deep, be honest, and keep learning because that's how we progress and build a better future.
Next time you see a statue of Nero, remember he ALSO pooped. But the unfortunate truth is these enshrined leaders also did terrible things to others. And it seems that we as humans remove any sort of onus or responsibility for horrific actions made by men in bronzed statues. We must tear down statues (metaphorically of course, please don't catch a charge on my account). Remember that fallible people are in charge always, and just because you are on a pedestal, you should not be removed from the court of opinion. This goes for every person in a position of power, regardless if they are marbleized or not. It makes me sick to my stomach to see or read all the people who venerate politicians, mostly if they ignore all the war crimes and human rights that have been violated in the state's name. It makes you wonder: does everyone or no one deserve a statue?
In the words of Shelly from his epic poem, Ozymandias: "Look on my works ye mighty, and despair."
THE RUNDOWN
THE STATE OF THE UNION
The idea of statues is so frustrating for a historian as they create an internal war within us. I have been known to stop and read every placard on every statue in every town I go on vacation with my family. As I read about the historical importance of whatever mundane event or person is being given credit, I can hear both the collective groan of boredom and the eyes rolling back into the head of my wife and children. What can I say? I like the statues! But the sad reality is some of these statues should not exist. Historically speaking, the figures were created initially as shrines to deities. This goes all the way to when man first learned how to chisel into a rock. But then eventually, as society aged, so did people's taste. The dreaded politician or emperor or king also wanted to be immortalized for centuries. This blurred the lines of fact and reality. Gods were perfect; humans are not. The statue seems to neglect the fact that these very fallible people did very ordinary things. Very mundane things.
Throughout the annals of human history, there have been those deemed worthy of reverence and admiration, often to the point of achieving legendary status. Whether as political leaders or pioneering scientists, these figures have been extolled as exemplars, their exploits serving as a wellspring of inspiration for future generations. However, recently, there has been a mounting discourse over whether we should uphold such figures or take a more critical perspective. While there are undoubtedly benefits to commemorating historical figures, there are also perils that we must confront. By examining this issue, we can deepen our comprehension of how our understanding of the past is constructed and how we can cultivate a more nuanced and accurate depiction of history.
When we hoist someone to the pedestal of a hero or role model, we overlook the nuanced facets of their character and actions. Venerating figures from history can mask their faults and foibles. Take Christopher Columbus, for instance. Many folks hail him as a valiant explorer who "discovered" America. Still, the truth is that his voyages were marred by the ruthless treatment of indigenous folks and the start of a colonization process that had dire consequences for native peoples. Similarly, Thomas Jefferson is often lauded as a defender of liberty and democracy. Still, his stance on slavery and the treatment of those enslaved raises severe doubts about his dedication to those values. By brushing these aspects of historical figures under the rug, we can construct a twisted view of the past that fails to grasp the intricacies and paradoxes of human conduct.
Listen, it's easy to get caught up in the cult of personality. We put these historical figures on a pedestal and fixate on them, forgetting the many other players who helped shape history. But let's remember that history is never just about one person. Take the Civil Rights movement, for instance. We all know about Martin Luther King Jr. and his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech. But the truth is, he was just one part of a much larger movement involving thousands of people who stood up against injustice. We're discussing Ella Baker, Bayard Rustin, and Fannie Lou Hamer. These people organized protests, staged boycotts, and put their bodies on the line for their beliefs. So let's not get caught up in hero worship. Let's remember that history is made by all of us, not just a select few.
There's no denying that worshipping historical figures has some drawbacks, but it's not all bad. There are some upsides to the whole enterprise. One such benefit is that it can be an incredible motivator, inspiring people to strive for excellence and pursue their greatness. Think about it: when we hold up individuals who have accomplished genuinely remarkable things, we can provide a roadmap for others to follow. By emulating the actions of those who have achieved greatness, we can tap into our potential and work towards realizing our own goals. For instance, consider the story of Rosa Parks, who refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus in 1955. Her bravery and commitment to justice have inspired countless people to stand against oppression and inequality. And the example of Mahatma Gandhi and his unwavering commitment to nonviolent resistance has served as a beacon of hope for global activists. But we can't erase that even Gandhi himself has skeleton's living in his closet.
So while it's true that there are some negative aspects to putting historical figures on a pedestal, we shouldn't overlook the positive impact that these icons can have on our lives. Ultimately, the best way to approach our historical heroes is with a mix of admiration and humility, recognizing their accomplishments while acknowledging our potential to achieve greatness. Listen here, my friends, and heed my words, for they are gospel truth. No, sir, the past is not some distant relic to be cast aside and forgotten. Revering those who came before us is crucial in forging our shared identity and purpose as a nation. When we hoist up the likes of George Washington or Abraham Lincoln, we signal to the world that we stand for something and believe in specific values and ideals that define us as a people. It's a rallying cry for all those who share our vision of a better future.
And let me tell you, brothers and sisters, that sense of purpose is powerful. It can unite us like nothing else, uniting us in a common cause to build a more just and equitable society. Look at the Civil Rights movement, for example. The legacy of those brave souls who fought for justice and equality has inspired generations of activists to keep the fight alive, from voting rights to police reform. So let us not forget the giants upon whose shoulders we stand.
Though idolizing historical figures is tempting, we must keep a sharp eye and avoid the snare of hero worship. By recognizing the imperfections and intricacies of these figures, we gain a more refined and truthful comprehension of the past, steering clear of falsehoods and myths. It also helps us celebrate and acknowledge the contributions of a diverse spectrum of individuals instead of elevating a privileged few. Furthermore, analyzing how these figures have been revered or condemned can bring to light how societies shape their historical accounts and how those accounts can reveal prejudices and power struggles.
Let us examine the discourse surrounding the Confederacy relics that dot the United States landscape. These towering statues were erected in the early twentieth century as part of a grander scheme to promote the "Lost Cause" narrative of the Civil War, which enshrined the Confederacy as a virtuous and valiant cause than a defense of enslavement and white supremacy.
Some among us maintain that these memorials should be eradicated, for they propagate a twisted and erroneous version of the past. While others insist that they be preserved, for they are part and parcel of our national legacy, notwithstanding their contentiousness. If we delve deep into the debate and how we remember those who came before us, we can see how the prevailing winds of society and politics influence our view of the past. By doing so, we can learn to build a more inclusive and truthful history that respects the voices of those on the fringes and gives credit to the many different people who have helped shape our world.
Look, let's not kid ourselves. History's full of people we like to put on pedestals to worship as idols. But let me tell you, as a guy who's traveled the world and seen some things; there's always more to the story. These historical figures might have done some good but need to be revised. Like, big time. And we need to be honest about that. Because if we're not, we're just perpetuating many lies and myths. It's not about tearing people down, though. No, it's about understanding them better. It's about recognizing the full spectrum of their humanity, the good and the bad. Only then can we create a more accurate picture of history that includes everyone's contributions. So let's dig deep, be honest, and keep learning because that's how we progress and build a better future.
Next time you see a statue of Nero, remember he ALSO pooped. But the unfortunate truth is these enshrined leaders also did terrible things to others. And it seems that we as humans remove any sort of onus or responsibility for horrific actions made by men in bronzed statues. We must tear down statues (metaphorically of course, please don't catch a charge on my account). Remember that fallible people are in charge always, and just because you are on a pedestal, you should not be removed from the court of opinion. This goes for every person in a position of power, regardless if they are marbleized or not. It makes me sick to my stomach to see or read all the people who venerate politicians, mostly if they ignore all the war crimes and human rights that have been violated in the state's name. It makes you wonder: does everyone or no one deserve a statue?
In the words of Shelly from his epic poem, Ozymandias: "Look on my works ye mighty, and despair."
THE RUNDOWN
- Some historians have mixed feelings about statues because they can cause conflicts within themselves.
- Some statues shouldn't exist because they ignore that people are imperfect and do ordinary things.
- Honoring historical figures can sometimes hide their mistakes and weaknesses, leading to a distorted view of the past that doesn't capture the complexities of human behavior.
- History isn't just about one person but everyone who contributes to it.
- Honoring historical figures can inspire us and show us the way forward. Still, we must be respectful and humble, recognizing their achievements while realizing our potential for greatness.
- Respecting those who came before us is vital in creating our national identity and purpose, but we must be careful not to idolize them too much.
THE STATE OF THE UNION
July 4, 1848 - The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican–American War and ceded a large parcel of land from Mexico, consisting of its territories of Alta California and Santa Fe de Nuevo México, and its claim to Texas.
The year 1848 sauntered onto the global stage like a dashing rogue at a masquerade ball, draped in chaos and twirling upheaval with reckless abandon. Europe was engulfed in the "Springtime of Nations," a turbulent season of interconnected revolutionary movements clamoring for political reform, national independence, and social change. France rudely ejected King Louis-Philippe and ushered in the Second French Republic, while Germany, Austria, Italy, and Hungary joined the rebellious chorus. Across the English Channel, the Industrial Revolution transformed economies with relentless efficiency. In North America, the United States embraced Manifest Destiny, leading to the Mexican-American War and the California Gold Rush. Latin America reeled from independence wars, Asia dealt with the aftermath of the First Opium War and Japan's isolationism, and Africa began to feel European colonial pressures. The Ottoman Empire grappled with internal strife and European ambitions while the abolitionist and Romantic movements in literature and arts flourished. In summary, 1848 was a year of seismic shifts and radical reimagining, leaving a legacy of transformation and tumult that continues to shape our world today.
HIGHLIGHTS
|
|
We've got some fine classroom lectures coming your way, all courtesy of the RPTM podcast. These lectures will take you on a wild ride through history, exploring everything from ancient civilizations and epic battles to scientific breakthroughs and artistic revolutions. The podcast will guide you through each lecture with its no-nonsense, straight-talking style, using various sources to give you the lowdown on each topic. You won't find any fancy-pants jargon or convoluted theories here, just plain and straightforward explanations anyone can understand. So sit back and prepare to soak up some knowledge.
LECTURES
LECTURES
The Reading section—a realm where our aspirations of enlightenment often clash with the harsh realities of procrastination and the desperate reliance on Google. We soldier on through dense texts, promised 'broadening perspectives' but often wrestling with existential dread and academic pressure. With a healthy dose of sarcasm and a strong cup of coffee, I'll be your guide on this wild journey from dusty tomes to the murky depths of postmodernism. In the midst of all the pretentious prose, there's a glimmer of insight: we're all in this together, united in our struggle to survive without losing our sanity.
READING
This class utilizes the following textbook:
Carnes, Mark C., and John A. Garraty. American Destiny: Narrative of a Nation. 4th ed. Vol. 1.: Pearson, 2011.
Mark C. Carnes and John A. Garraty are respected historians who have made notable contributions to American history. First, we've got Carnes - this guy's a real maverick when it comes to studying the good ol' US of A. He's all about the secret societies that helped shape our culture in the 1800s. You know, the ones that operated behind closed doors had their fingers in all sorts of pies. Carnes is the man who can unravel those mysteries and give us a glimpse into the underbelly of American culture. We've also got Garraty in the mix. This guy's no slouch either - he's known for taking a big-picture view of American history and bringing it to life with his engaging writing style. Whether profiling famous figures from our past or digging deep into a particular aspect of our nation's history, Garraty always keeps it accurate and accessible. You don't need a Ph.D. to understand what he's saying, and that's why he's a true heavyweight in the field.
RUNDOWN
READING
- Carnes Chapter 12 “Westward Expansion”
This class utilizes the following textbook:
Carnes, Mark C., and John A. Garraty. American Destiny: Narrative of a Nation. 4th ed. Vol. 1.: Pearson, 2011.
Mark C. Carnes and John A. Garraty are respected historians who have made notable contributions to American history. First, we've got Carnes - this guy's a real maverick when it comes to studying the good ol' US of A. He's all about the secret societies that helped shape our culture in the 1800s. You know, the ones that operated behind closed doors had their fingers in all sorts of pies. Carnes is the man who can unravel those mysteries and give us a glimpse into the underbelly of American culture. We've also got Garraty in the mix. This guy's no slouch either - he's known for taking a big-picture view of American history and bringing it to life with his engaging writing style. Whether profiling famous figures from our past or digging deep into a particular aspect of our nation's history, Garraty always keeps it accurate and accessible. You don't need a Ph.D. to understand what he's saying, and that's why he's a true heavyweight in the field.
RUNDOWN
- Manifest Destiny: The belief that Americans were destined by God to expand westward across the continent.
- Oregon Trail: A major route for settlers traveling to the Pacific Northwest in the 1840s, facing hardships and dangers.
- Texas Independence: Texas broke away from Mexico in 1836 and later joined the United States in 1845.
- Mexican-American War: The U.S. fought Mexico from 1846-1848, leading to the U.S. acquiring large territories including California and New Mexico.
- California Gold Rush: The discovery of gold in 1848 led to a massive influx of people to California in search of wealth.
- Impact on Native Americans: Expansion led to the displacement and suffering of many Native American tribes.
- Homestead Act: Passed in 1862, it encouraged Western migration by providing settlers with 160 acres of public land.
- Transcontinental Railroad: Completed in 1869, it connected the eastern and western United States, making travel and trade easier.
- Economic Opportunities: Many people moved west for new opportunities in farming, mining, and trade.
- Conflicts and Compromise: The expansion intensified conflicts over slavery, leading to political compromises and tensions that would eventually contribute to the Civil War.
Howard Zinn was a historian, writer, and political activist known for his critical analysis of American history. He is particularly well-known for his counter-narrative to traditional American history accounts and highlights marginalized groups' experiences and perspectives. Zinn's work is often associated with social history and is known for his Marxist and socialist views. Larry Schweikart is also a historian, but his work and perspective are often considered more conservative. Schweikart's work is often associated with military history, and he is known for his support of free-market economics and limited government. Overall, Zinn and Schweikart have different perspectives on various historical issues and events and may interpret historical events and phenomena differently. Occasionally, we will also look at Thaddeus Russell, a historian, author, and academic. Russell has written extensively on the history of social and cultural change, and his work focuses on how marginalized and oppressed groups have challenged and transformed mainstream culture. Russell is known for his unconventional and controversial ideas, and his work has been praised for its originality and provocative nature.
My classes utilize both Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States and Larry Schweikart's Patriot's History of the United States, mostly in excerpts posted to the modules. You can access the full text of People's History or Patriot's History by clicking on the links.
My classes utilize both Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States and Larry Schweikart's Patriot's History of the United States, mostly in excerpts posted to the modules. You can access the full text of People's History or Patriot's History by clicking on the links.
Zinn, A People's History of the United States
"... The Washington Union, a newspaper expressing the position of President Polk and the Democratic party, had spoken early in 1845 on the meaning of Texas annexation:
'Let the great measure of annexation be accomplished, and with it the questions of boundary and claims. For who can arrest the torrent that will pour onward to the West? The road to California will be open to us. Who will stay the march of our western people?'
They could have meant a peaceful march westward, except for other words, in the same newspaper: "A corps of properly organized volunteers . .. would invade, overrun, and occupy Mexico. They would enable us not only to take California, but to keep it." It was shortly after that, in the summer of 1845, that John O'Sullivan, editor of the Democratic Review, used the phrase that became famous, saying it was 'Our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.' Yes, manifest destiny..."
"... The Washington Union, a newspaper expressing the position of President Polk and the Democratic party, had spoken early in 1845 on the meaning of Texas annexation:
'Let the great measure of annexation be accomplished, and with it the questions of boundary and claims. For who can arrest the torrent that will pour onward to the West? The road to California will be open to us. Who will stay the march of our western people?'
They could have meant a peaceful march westward, except for other words, in the same newspaper: "A corps of properly organized volunteers . .. would invade, overrun, and occupy Mexico. They would enable us not only to take California, but to keep it." It was shortly after that, in the summer of 1845, that John O'Sullivan, editor of the Democratic Review, used the phrase that became famous, saying it was 'Our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.' Yes, manifest destiny..."
Larry Schweikart, A Patriot's History of the United States
"... Given that most of the expansionist talk revolved around Texas and points south, the popularization of manifest destiny by the press, to a certain extent, validated the abolitionists’ claim that a 'slave power' conspiracy existed at the highest reaches of power. A majority of newspapers owed their existence to the Democratic Party, which in turn loyally supported the slave owners’ agenda, if unwittingly. Even the Whig papers, such as Horace Greeley’s Daily Tribune, which was antislavery, indirectly encouraged a western exodus. Then, as today, contemporaries frequently fretted about overpopulation: President James K. Polk, in his inaugural address in 1845, warned that the nation in the next decade would grow from 3 to 20 million and obliquely noted that immigrants were pouring onto our shores.
There were other, more common, economic motives interwoven into this anxiety, because the Panic of 1837 created a class of impoverished individuals eager to seek new opportunities in the West. Yet many of these individuals were white Missourians, not slaveholders, who headed for the Pacific Northwest, where they aimed to escape the South’s slave-based cotton economy and the slave masters who controlled it. Complex economic motives constituted only one voice in the choir calling for manifest destiny. Religion played an enormous factor in the westward surge as Great Awakening enthusiasm prompted a desire to expunge Spanish Catholicism, spread Protestantism, and convert the Indians..."
"... Given that most of the expansionist talk revolved around Texas and points south, the popularization of manifest destiny by the press, to a certain extent, validated the abolitionists’ claim that a 'slave power' conspiracy existed at the highest reaches of power. A majority of newspapers owed their existence to the Democratic Party, which in turn loyally supported the slave owners’ agenda, if unwittingly. Even the Whig papers, such as Horace Greeley’s Daily Tribune, which was antislavery, indirectly encouraged a western exodus. Then, as today, contemporaries frequently fretted about overpopulation: President James K. Polk, in his inaugural address in 1845, warned that the nation in the next decade would grow from 3 to 20 million and obliquely noted that immigrants were pouring onto our shores.
There were other, more common, economic motives interwoven into this anxiety, because the Panic of 1837 created a class of impoverished individuals eager to seek new opportunities in the West. Yet many of these individuals were white Missourians, not slaveholders, who headed for the Pacific Northwest, where they aimed to escape the South’s slave-based cotton economy and the slave masters who controlled it. Complex economic motives constituted only one voice in the choir calling for manifest destiny. Religion played an enormous factor in the westward surge as Great Awakening enthusiasm prompted a desire to expunge Spanish Catholicism, spread Protestantism, and convert the Indians..."
Thaddeus Russell, A Renegade History of the United States
"... From the time of the Puritan settlers through Dan Ermett’s lifetime, children’s books, school primers, newspaper editorials, poems, pamphlets, sermons, and political speeches told Americans that to work was to be godly and to be idle was to be wretched. Cotton Mather instructed parents to keep their children in 'continual Employment' as to 'deliver them from the Temptations of Idleness,' and Thomas Shepard spoke for all Puritans when he told his son to 'abhor .. one hour of idleness as you would be ashamed of one hour of
drunkenness.' In the eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin adapted the Puritan work style to the age of capitalism with his enormously popular aphorisms that counseled Americans to work all hours of the day to achieve dignity and respect. 'It is the working man who is the happy man,' he wrote in Poor Richard’s Almanack. 'It is the idle man who is the miserable man.' With the beginning of mass industrial production in the nineteenth century, pride in work and shame in leisure became the defining characteristics of good citizens of the young nation..."
"... From the time of the Puritan settlers through Dan Ermett’s lifetime, children’s books, school primers, newspaper editorials, poems, pamphlets, sermons, and political speeches told Americans that to work was to be godly and to be idle was to be wretched. Cotton Mather instructed parents to keep their children in 'continual Employment' as to 'deliver them from the Temptations of Idleness,' and Thomas Shepard spoke for all Puritans when he told his son to 'abhor .. one hour of idleness as you would be ashamed of one hour of
drunkenness.' In the eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin adapted the Puritan work style to the age of capitalism with his enormously popular aphorisms that counseled Americans to work all hours of the day to achieve dignity and respect. 'It is the working man who is the happy man,' he wrote in Poor Richard’s Almanack. 'It is the idle man who is the miserable man.' With the beginning of mass industrial production in the nineteenth century, pride in work and shame in leisure became the defining characteristics of good citizens of the young nation..."
In the twisted halls of the 19th century, a contagious delusion known as "manifest destiny" gripped the American psyche, shaping the nation's course. Like a drug-induced frenzy, this phenomenon was skillfully propagated through the seedy underworld of newspapers and political echelons, casting an enchanting spell on the very fabric of history. Driven by a volatile concoction of economic interests, religious enthusiasm, and a belief in the redemption of sweat-soaked toil, manifest destiny emerged as the perfect charlatan, luring ambitious souls to venture westward. This unhinged odyssey into the heart of darkness warrants examination even in our debauched present, for it bore both fruits of prosperity and the bitter seeds of downfall.
Manifest destiny, that wild beast craving expansion, was forever entangled with the greasy clutches of the economy. America's insatiable hunger for land, driven by the lust for resources like bountiful soil, precious minerals, and juicy trade prospects, knew no bounds. Behold the grand spectacle of the Louisiana Purchase, a lot of epic proportions in 1803, where Uncle Sam opened his bulging wallet and snatched up a massive chunk of real estate from those crafty French. Oh, how the nation swelled in size, like a greedy glutton gorging on a feast, swallowing up territory as if it were a scrumptious pie. This grand acquisition bestowed upon Americans the sacred gift of the mighty Mississippi River, a watery artery coursing through their veins, allowing them to cultivate crops aplenty and partake in the sinful pleasures of commerce.
The California Gold Rush of 1848 is a wild tale of dreams, dust, and dollar signs. Like a seductive siren, Gold whispered promises of untold riches into the ears of eager fortune seekers. People from all walks of life, caught in the feverish grip of gold fever, flocked to the land of endless possibilities. This avalanche of ambition transformed the landscape and breathed life into a burgeoning civilization. The allure of manifest destiny, with its compelling economic potential, propelled adventurers to brave the unknown, carving a path toward a new era for the United States.
Religious convictions played a mighty role in the grand spectacle of manifest destiny. The zealous Americans fervently believed that the divine had appointed them to disseminate democratic principles and Christian faith across this vast continent. Fueling this fiery resolve was the blazing inferno of the Second Great Awakening, a spiritual revolution that set hearts ablaze in the early 1800s. Those devout souls, their spirits lifted and their convictions emboldened, embarked upon missionary expeditions, their noble aim: to convert the native brethren to their righteous cause and to extend the almighty grip of Christianity further into the wild, wild west.
In the grand tapestry of manifest destiny, where pioneers and adventurers embarked on their audacious quest to conquer the untamed West, a peculiar tale of religious yearnings and divine aspirations emerges. Enter the Mormons, led by the indomitable Brigham Young, driven not merely by the promise of new frontiers but by the hallowed pursuit of religious freedom. Guided by an unwavering belief in their sacred calling, they traversed treacherous landscapes, eventually finding solace in the enigmatic embrace of the Salt Lake Valley. There, amidst the rugged beauty of the untamed wilderness, they fashioned the fabled territory of Deseret—a testament to the extraordinary power of faith and its unyielding grip on the human spirit. This remarkable odyssey serves as an illuminating testament to the inextricable intertwining of religious motivations with the relentless push of westward expansion, forging new communities and shaping a nation's destiny in profound and enigmatic ways.
In the savage days of yore, when the fierce winds of manifest destiny blew across this great land, the prevailing work ethic danced to the beat of individualism, self-reliance, and the almighty art of seizing opportunities. The restless souls of the American frontier firmly believed that a hearty dose of sweat, grit, and dogged determination would pave the treacherous path to triumph. Enter the Homestead Act of 1862, a bold stroke in the grand saga, which bestowed upon adventurous settlers the holy grail of free land, with one tiny catch: they had to tame the wild, cultivate the barren, and breathe life into the earth's desolate bosom. And thus, like modern-day conquistadors, they journeyed westward, armed with plows and dreams, forging prosperous communities out of the untamed wilderness.
Manifest destiny, that grand notion embraced by the United States, unleashed a tidal wave of expansion, growth, and nation-building. It opened doors to economic prospects, reshaped landscapes like a divine sculptor, and propagated American ideals and establishments far and wide. As we ventured westward, new states emerged like buds in spring while vital infrastructures weaved across the land, stitching together the fabric of our collective existence. It infused our spirits with a profound sense of oneness, for in those pioneering strides, we discovered our true national soul, gloriously unfurled.
Alas, the grandiose notion of manifest destiny, while it swelled the chests of many a pioneer, proved to be a bitter pill for the Native American folk and the plight of slavery. These unfortunate tribes were ruthlessly uprooted from their ancestral grounds, leaving a trail of violence and the heart-wrenching demise of vibrant cultures. And as if that weren't enough, the rapacious acquisition of territories hospitable to the horrific institution of slavery only stoked the fires of discontent between the noble North and the obstinate South, ultimately igniting the cataclysmic powder keg that was the American Civil War.
Digging into the twisted roots of manifest destiny serves up a piping-hot dish of understanding for us modern folk. It's like taking a culinary journey through the flavors that shaped the United States, unraveling the economic spices, sacred herbs, and ideological seasonings that fueled that audacious westward expansion. By sinking our teeth into this historical feast, we gain a panoramic view of how it impacted diverse groups of people, stirring up a simmering cauldron of consequences that still simmer in today's American society.
THE RUNDOWN
QUESTIONS
Manifest destiny, that wild beast craving expansion, was forever entangled with the greasy clutches of the economy. America's insatiable hunger for land, driven by the lust for resources like bountiful soil, precious minerals, and juicy trade prospects, knew no bounds. Behold the grand spectacle of the Louisiana Purchase, a lot of epic proportions in 1803, where Uncle Sam opened his bulging wallet and snatched up a massive chunk of real estate from those crafty French. Oh, how the nation swelled in size, like a greedy glutton gorging on a feast, swallowing up territory as if it were a scrumptious pie. This grand acquisition bestowed upon Americans the sacred gift of the mighty Mississippi River, a watery artery coursing through their veins, allowing them to cultivate crops aplenty and partake in the sinful pleasures of commerce.
The California Gold Rush of 1848 is a wild tale of dreams, dust, and dollar signs. Like a seductive siren, Gold whispered promises of untold riches into the ears of eager fortune seekers. People from all walks of life, caught in the feverish grip of gold fever, flocked to the land of endless possibilities. This avalanche of ambition transformed the landscape and breathed life into a burgeoning civilization. The allure of manifest destiny, with its compelling economic potential, propelled adventurers to brave the unknown, carving a path toward a new era for the United States.
Religious convictions played a mighty role in the grand spectacle of manifest destiny. The zealous Americans fervently believed that the divine had appointed them to disseminate democratic principles and Christian faith across this vast continent. Fueling this fiery resolve was the blazing inferno of the Second Great Awakening, a spiritual revolution that set hearts ablaze in the early 1800s. Those devout souls, their spirits lifted and their convictions emboldened, embarked upon missionary expeditions, their noble aim: to convert the native brethren to their righteous cause and to extend the almighty grip of Christianity further into the wild, wild west.
In the grand tapestry of manifest destiny, where pioneers and adventurers embarked on their audacious quest to conquer the untamed West, a peculiar tale of religious yearnings and divine aspirations emerges. Enter the Mormons, led by the indomitable Brigham Young, driven not merely by the promise of new frontiers but by the hallowed pursuit of religious freedom. Guided by an unwavering belief in their sacred calling, they traversed treacherous landscapes, eventually finding solace in the enigmatic embrace of the Salt Lake Valley. There, amidst the rugged beauty of the untamed wilderness, they fashioned the fabled territory of Deseret—a testament to the extraordinary power of faith and its unyielding grip on the human spirit. This remarkable odyssey serves as an illuminating testament to the inextricable intertwining of religious motivations with the relentless push of westward expansion, forging new communities and shaping a nation's destiny in profound and enigmatic ways.
In the savage days of yore, when the fierce winds of manifest destiny blew across this great land, the prevailing work ethic danced to the beat of individualism, self-reliance, and the almighty art of seizing opportunities. The restless souls of the American frontier firmly believed that a hearty dose of sweat, grit, and dogged determination would pave the treacherous path to triumph. Enter the Homestead Act of 1862, a bold stroke in the grand saga, which bestowed upon adventurous settlers the holy grail of free land, with one tiny catch: they had to tame the wild, cultivate the barren, and breathe life into the earth's desolate bosom. And thus, like modern-day conquistadors, they journeyed westward, armed with plows and dreams, forging prosperous communities out of the untamed wilderness.
Manifest destiny, that grand notion embraced by the United States, unleashed a tidal wave of expansion, growth, and nation-building. It opened doors to economic prospects, reshaped landscapes like a divine sculptor, and propagated American ideals and establishments far and wide. As we ventured westward, new states emerged like buds in spring while vital infrastructures weaved across the land, stitching together the fabric of our collective existence. It infused our spirits with a profound sense of oneness, for in those pioneering strides, we discovered our true national soul, gloriously unfurled.
Alas, the grandiose notion of manifest destiny, while it swelled the chests of many a pioneer, proved to be a bitter pill for the Native American folk and the plight of slavery. These unfortunate tribes were ruthlessly uprooted from their ancestral grounds, leaving a trail of violence and the heart-wrenching demise of vibrant cultures. And as if that weren't enough, the rapacious acquisition of territories hospitable to the horrific institution of slavery only stoked the fires of discontent between the noble North and the obstinate South, ultimately igniting the cataclysmic powder keg that was the American Civil War.
Digging into the twisted roots of manifest destiny serves up a piping-hot dish of understanding for us modern folk. It's like taking a culinary journey through the flavors that shaped the United States, unraveling the economic spices, sacred herbs, and ideological seasonings that fueled that audacious westward expansion. By sinking our teeth into this historical feast, we gain a panoramic view of how it impacted diverse groups of people, stirring up a simmering cauldron of consequences that still simmer in today's American society.
THE RUNDOWN
- In the 19th century, a belief called "manifest destiny" influenced America's direction and captured people's imagination.
- Manifest destiny was spread through newspapers and politics, shaping the nation's history.
- It was driven by economic interests, religious passion, and the idea that hard work would bring redemption.
- Manifest destiny attracted ambitious people to move westward, leading to prosperity and downfall.
- America's desire for land and resources, like fertile soil and minerals, drove the expansion.
- The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 expanded the country's size and gave access to the Mississippi River for farming and trade.
- The California Gold Rush in 1848 attracted people seeking riches, transforming the landscape.
- Religious beliefs played a significant role in manifest destiny, with Americans thinking God chose them to spread democracy and Christianity.
- The Second Great Awakening in the early 1800s fueled religious fervor and missionary expeditions.
- The Mormons, led by Brigham Young, sought religious freedom and settled in the Salt Lake Valley, forming the territory of Deseret.
- The work ethic during manifest destiny emphasized individualism, self-reliance, and seizing opportunities.
- The Homestead Act of 1862 granted free land to settlers who tamed the wilderness, leading to prosperous communities.
- Manifest destiny brought expansion, growth, and nation-building, reshaping landscapes and promoting American ideals.
- However, it had negative consequences for Native Americans and slavery.
- Native tribes were forcibly removed from their lands, leading to violence and the loss of their cultures.
- The acquisition of territories suitable for slavery intensified tensions between the North and South, leading to the Civil War.
- Understanding manifest destiny helps us understand its impact on diverse groups and the consequences still affecting American society today.
QUESTIONS
- How did the concept of manifest destiny shape American history in the 19th century? Discuss the economic, religious, and ideological factors contributing to its propagation and influence.
- What were the economic motivations behind manifest destiny? How did the desire for land, resources, and trade prospects drive westward expansion? Discuss specific events that exemplify these economic pursuits, such as the Louisiana Purchase and the California Gold Rush.
- Explore the role of religious convictions in the ideology of manifest destiny. How did religious beliefs, particularly the Second Great Awakening, fuel Americans' zeal and sense of divine mission? Discuss the impact of religious motivations on missionary work, the spread of Christianity, and the experiences of religious groups like the Mormons.
American Progress (1872) by John Gast is an allegorical representation of the modernization of the new West. Columbia, a personification of the United States, is shown leading civilization westward with the American settlers. She is shown bringing light from east to west, stringing telegraph wire, holding a book, and highlighting different stages of economic activity and evolving forms of transportation. On the left, Indigenous Americans are displaced from their homeland.
Prepare to be transported into the captivating realm of historical films and videos. Brace yourselves for a mind-bending odyssey through time as we embark on a cinematic expedition. Within these flickering frames, the past morphs into a vivid tapestry of triumphs, tragedies, and transformative moments that have shaped the very fabric of our existence. We shall immerse ourselves in a whirlwind of visual narratives, dissecting the nuances of artistic interpretations, examining the storytelling techniques, and voraciously devouring historical accuracy with the ferocity of a time-traveling historian. So strap in, hold tight, and prepare to have your perception of history forever shattered by the mesmerizing lens of the camera.
THE RUNDOWN
In this tantalizing tale, we delve deep into the dazzling days of the California Gold Rush, when the promise of riches sparkled brighter than a freshly polished nugget. We witness the birth and rapid demise of mining towns like Bodie, where fortune seekers flocked in droves, only to find their dreams buried deeper than their pockets. The Gold Rush of 1848, like a siren's call, lured adventurers from far and wide, transforming the once-sleepy San Francisco into a chaotic cauldron of opportunity and pandemonium. Amidst the fevered search for gold, we uncover the gritty reality faced by those brave miners, toiling away with their placer mining techniques, their spirits tarnished as their shovels. In lawless towns like Bannack, chaos reigned supreme, prompting the formation of vigilante groups because when the law falls short, sometimes you need to take matters into your own hands. But it wasn't just the men on a mission who left their mark on this land; the environmental impact of hydraulic mining reveals a dark side to the glittering pursuit of wealth. As the landscape was transformed, so too were the notions of success, as businesses like Levi Strauss and Folgers Coffee seized the opportunity to cater to the needs of these rugged pioneers. But let us remember the Knight Foundry, with its water-powered marvels and the art of casting iron, a testament to the ingenuity of the era. Yet, amidst the echoes of history, we confront the challenges of preserving the past, for even log cabins in Garnett, a ghost town in Montana, bear witness to the rise and fall of fortunes, a reminder that the quest for gold is as fleeting as a desert mirage.
Welcome to the mind-bending Key Terms extravaganza of our history class learning module. Brace yourselves; we will unravel the cryptic codes, secret handshakes, and linguistic labyrinths that make up the twisted tapestry of historical knowledge. These key terms are the Rosetta Stones of our academic journey, the skeleton keys to unlocking the enigmatic doors of comprehension. They're like historical Swiss Army knives, equipped with blades of definition and corkscrews of contextual examples, ready to pierce through the fog of confusion and liberate your intellectual curiosity. By harnessing the power of these mighty key terms, you'll possess the superhuman ability to traverse the treacherous terrains of primary sources, surf the tumultuous waves of academic texts, and engage in epic battles of historical debate. The past awaits, and the key terms are keys to unlocking its dazzling secrets.
KEY TERMS
KEY TERMS
- The Amistad
- John Joel Blanton
- President William Henry Harrison
- Slave Plantations and Sports
- Early Physical Education
- Nakahama Manjiro
- White House Riot
- The First Comic Book
- The Oregon Trail
- Lysander Spooner
- What Hath God Wrought
- Baseball
- The M'Naghten Rule
- J Marion Sims
- Manifest Destiny
- Mexican American War
- The First YMCA
- The Republic of California
- California Gold Rush
- Frontier Gambling
DISCLAIMER: Welcome scholars to the wild and wacky world of history class. This isn't your granddaddy's boring ol' lecture, baby. We will take a trip through time, which will be one wild ride. I know some of you are in a brick-and-mortar setting, while others are in the vast digital wasteland. But fear not; we're all in this together. Online students might miss out on some in-person interaction, but you can still join in on the fun. This little shindig aims to get you all engaged with the course material and understand how past societies have shaped the world we know today. We'll talk about revolutions, wars, and other crazy stuff. So get ready, kids, because it's going to be one heck of a trip. And for all, you online students out there, don't be shy. Please share your thoughts and ideas with the rest of us. The Professor will do his best to give everyone an equal opportunity to learn, so don't hold back. So, let's do this thing!
Activity #1: Oregon Trail Adventure
Objective: Students will learn about the challenges and experiences faced by pioneers traveling on the Oregon Trail in the mid-1800s. Through an interactive game, students will make decisions and face obstacles similar to those encountered by settlers, gaining insight into the historical significance of westward expansion and the concept of Manifest Destiny.
Instructions:
Good luck, and remember: every decision matters on the Oregon Trail!
Activity #1: Oregon Trail Adventure
Objective: Students will learn about the challenges and experiences faced by pioneers traveling on the Oregon Trail in the mid-1800s. Through an interactive game, students will make decisions and face obstacles similar to those encountered by settlers, gaining insight into the historical significance of westward expansion and the concept of Manifest Destiny.
Instructions:
- Start the game by clicking the "Start the Journey" button.
- Each round will present a situation. Make a choice to continue your journey.
- Pay attention to your health and supplies. These will change based on your decisions.
- The game lasts for 10 rounds. Try to keep your health and supplies as high as possible to survive.
- If your health or supplies drop to zero, you won’t make it to Oregon. Be careful with your choices!
- After 10 rounds, the game will end. You’ll see if you survived the Oregon Trail or not.
- If you want to try again, click the "Restart Game" button to reset everything.
Good luck, and remember: every decision matters on the Oregon Trail!
Oregon Trail Adventure
Welcome, pioneer! You're about to embark on the Oregon Trail. Will you survive the journey or become another cautionary tale?
Activity #2: Gold Rush Adventure
Objective: Students will explore the challenges and decisions faced during the California Gold Rush by making choices as a miner seeking gold in 1848. The game aims to help students understand the historical impact of the Gold Rush on people's lives, the economy, and the environment.
Instructions:
Objective: Students will explore the challenges and decisions faced during the California Gold Rush by making choices as a miner seeking gold in 1848. The game aims to help students understand the historical impact of the Gold Rush on people's lives, the economy, and the environment.
Instructions:
- Click the "Start Adventure" button to begin your journey. You'll be making decisions as a gold miner in 1848, trying to strike it rich during the California Gold Rush.
- In each round, you’ll be given a situation and two options to choose from. Read each option carefully and click the button that represents the choice you want to make.
- Your choices will affect how much gold you collect. Some decisions will help you gain gold, while others might cause you to lose it. Think carefully before deciding!
- The game has 10 rounds, each with different challenges. Try to get as much gold as you can by the end of the game.
- After the final round, you’ll see how much gold you ended up with. You can play again by clicking the "Restart Adventure" button to see if you can make better choices next time.
Ladies and gentlemen, gather 'round for the pièce de résistance of this classroom module - the summary section. As we embark on this tantalizing journey, we'll savor the exquisite flavors of knowledge, highlighting the fundamental ingredients and spices that have seasoned our minds throughout these captivating lessons. Prepare to indulge in a savory recap that will leave your intellectual taste buds tingling, serving as a passport to further enlightenment.
The period from 1839 to 1848 in US history was a fascinating, tumultuous time rife with events that shaped the nation's trajectory. Abolitionism surged to the forefront, demanding an immediate end to slavery and employing diverse tactics to champion their cause. This movement intersected with the Second Great Awakening, a religious revival emphasizing personal growth and moral reform. It left an indelible mark on American society and inspired various social reform movements, including abolitionism. Simultaneously, the Mexican-American War erupted, driven by territorial disputes. It resulted in the United States acquiring an expansive territory and raising profound questions about democracy and the nation's relationships with its neighbors. Moreover, the California Gold Rush unfolded in 1848, attracting masses of fortune seekers to the region and sparking rapid economic growth alongside negative consequences like the displacement of indigenous populations and environmental devastation. Exploring this era is vital to grasp the development of American democracy, the complex issue of slavery, territorial expansion, and the ongoing struggle to harmonize individual freedom and social justice.
In the 19th century, a fascinating concept known as "manifest destiny" steered America's course, capturing the collective imagination and shaping the nation's narrative. This notion, disseminated through newspapers and politics, was fueled by economic interests, religious enthusiasm, and the belief that hard work was synonymous with redemption. It enticed ambitious souls to venture westward, leading to prosperity and decline. Manifest destiny's insatiable hunger for land and resources, be it fertile soil or precious minerals, spurred expansion, epitomized by the 1803 Louisiana Purchase and the subsequent California Gold Rush. Religious convictions played an instrumental role, with Americans convinced of their divine mandate to spread democracy and Christianity. The fiery fervor of the Second Great Awakening stoked missionary zeal, while the Mormons sought religious freedom in the Salt Lake Valley, establishing the territory of Deseret. Embodying individualism, self-reliance, and opportunism, manifest destiny exalted the American work ethic, as evidenced by the Homestead Act of 1862 granted free land to those who tamed the wilderness, leading to flourishing communities. This grand vision engendered expansion, growth, and nation-building, reshaping landscapes and promulgating quintessential American ideals. However, it also inflicted severe consequences on Native American populations and exacerbated the North-South tensions, ultimately culminating in the Civil War. Unraveling the layers of manifest destiny provides invaluable insight into its far-reaching effects on diverse groups and its enduring legacy in contemporary American society.
Or, in other words:
The period from 1839 to 1848 in US history was a fascinating, tumultuous time rife with events that shaped the nation's trajectory. Abolitionism surged to the forefront, demanding an immediate end to slavery and employing diverse tactics to champion their cause. This movement intersected with the Second Great Awakening, a religious revival emphasizing personal growth and moral reform. It left an indelible mark on American society and inspired various social reform movements, including abolitionism. Simultaneously, the Mexican-American War erupted, driven by territorial disputes. It resulted in the United States acquiring an expansive territory and raising profound questions about democracy and the nation's relationships with its neighbors. Moreover, the California Gold Rush unfolded in 1848, attracting masses of fortune seekers to the region and sparking rapid economic growth alongside negative consequences like the displacement of indigenous populations and environmental devastation. Exploring this era is vital to grasp the development of American democracy, the complex issue of slavery, territorial expansion, and the ongoing struggle to harmonize individual freedom and social justice.
In the 19th century, a fascinating concept known as "manifest destiny" steered America's course, capturing the collective imagination and shaping the nation's narrative. This notion, disseminated through newspapers and politics, was fueled by economic interests, religious enthusiasm, and the belief that hard work was synonymous with redemption. It enticed ambitious souls to venture westward, leading to prosperity and decline. Manifest destiny's insatiable hunger for land and resources, be it fertile soil or precious minerals, spurred expansion, epitomized by the 1803 Louisiana Purchase and the subsequent California Gold Rush. Religious convictions played an instrumental role, with Americans convinced of their divine mandate to spread democracy and Christianity. The fiery fervor of the Second Great Awakening stoked missionary zeal, while the Mormons sought religious freedom in the Salt Lake Valley, establishing the territory of Deseret. Embodying individualism, self-reliance, and opportunism, manifest destiny exalted the American work ethic, as evidenced by the Homestead Act of 1862 granted free land to those who tamed the wilderness, leading to flourishing communities. This grand vision engendered expansion, growth, and nation-building, reshaping landscapes and promulgating quintessential American ideals. However, it also inflicted severe consequences on Native American populations and exacerbated the North-South tensions, ultimately culminating in the Civil War. Unraveling the layers of manifest destiny provides invaluable insight into its far-reaching effects on diverse groups and its enduring legacy in contemporary American society.
Or, in other words:
- From 1839 to 1848, important events in US history shaped the country.
- Abolitionism was a movement calling for the end of slavery, and its leaders used different strategies to fight for their cause.
- The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival that influenced American society and inspired social reform movements like abolitionism.
- The Mexican-American War was fought over land, leading to the US getting a lot of new territory and raising questions about democracy and relations with other countries.
- The California Gold Rush started in 1848 and attracted many people, which brought economic growth but harmed the environment and displaced Native Americans.
- Studying this time is important to understand how democracy grew, the issue of slavery, and how America expanded its land.
- Some historians have concerns about statues because they can hide the flaws of historical figures and give a distorted view of the past.
- Honoring historical figures is important, but we should also recognize their mistakes and remember that history is about everyone's contributions.
- Manifest destiny was a belief in the 1800s that influenced America's direction and was spread through newspapers and politics.
- It was driven by economic interests, religious beliefs, and the idea that hard work brought redemption.
- Manifest destiny led people to move westward, bringing prosperity and negative consequences.
- It played a role in acquiring new lands, like the Louisiana Purchase and the California Gold Rush.
- Religious beliefs were important in manifest destiny, with Americans thinking God chose them to spread democracy and Christianity.
- Understanding manifest destiny helps us see its impact on different groups and its lasting effects on American society.
ASSIGNMENTS
Forum Discussion #10
- Forum Discussion #10
- QUIZ #3
Forum Discussion #10
The Oregon Trail, a renowned historical route in the United States, stretched 2,170 miles from the Missouri River to the Oregon valleys. It served as a significant East-West wagon trail, featuring large-wheeled wagons and serving as an emigrant path. The eastern segment of the Oregon Trail traversed a portion of what is now Kansas, as well as the majority of present-day Nebraska and Wyoming. On the other hand, the western section extended across most of the future states of Idaho and Oregon.
Moreover, The Oregon Trail is a physical route and a text-based strategy video game. Originally developed as an educational computer game, it aimed to teach schoolchildren about the challenging realities of pioneer life during the 19th century on the Oregon Trail. In this game, players assume the role of a wagon leader responsible for guiding a group of settlers from Independence, Missouri, to Oregon City, Oregon. Their journey takes place in 1847, using covered wagons. Along the trail, players must manage various aspects, including purchasing supplies, hunting for food, and deciding how to proceed. They also encounter unpredictable events like storms and wagon breakdowns, adding to the game's complexity and realism.
Do some research and please answer the following question:
Play a round of Oregon Trail (browser version can be found HERE) When finished, compare and contrast the game and the actual Oregon Trail for historical accuracies.
Need help? Remember the Discussion Board Rubric.
Hey, welcome to the work cited section! Here's where you'll find all the heavy hitters that inspired the content you've just consumed. Some might think citations are as dull as unbuttered toast, but nothing gets my intellectual juices flowing like a good reference list. Don't get me wrong, just because we've cited a source; doesn't mean we're always going to see eye-to-eye. But that's the beauty of it - it's up to you to chew on the material and come to conclusions. Listen, we've gone to great lengths to ensure these citations are accurate, but let's face it, we're all human. So, give us a holler if you notice any mistakes or suggest more sources. We're always looking to up our game. Ultimately, it's all about pursuing knowledge and truth.
Work Cited:
Work Cited:
- Brands, H.W. The Age of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the New American Dream. Doubleday, 2002.
- Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Penguin Classics, 2001.
- Etcheson, Nicole. Bleeding Kansas: Contested Liberty in the Civil War Era. University Press of Kansas, 2004.
- Finkelman, Paul. "Abolition and Antislavery." In The Oxford Handbook of American Slavery, edited by Peter Kolchin, 306-323. Oxford University Press, 2014.
- Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty!: An American History. W.W. Norton & Company, 2019.
- Gara, Larry. The Mexican War: A Study in Conflict. University of Kentucky Press, 1992.
- Horsman, Reginald. Race and Manifest Destiny: The Origins of American Racial Anglo-Saxonism. Harvard University Press, 1981.
- Johnson, Walter. River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom. Harvard University Press, 2013.
- Limerick, Patricia Nelson. The Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West. W.W. Norton & Company, 1987.
- Roark, James L. et al. The American Promise: A History of the United States, Volume I: To 1877. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2017.
- Sutter, John. The California Gold Rush: A History Just For Kids. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014.
- Turner, Frederick Jackson. "The Significance of the Frontier in American History." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 27, no. 5, 1893, pp. 982-994.
- Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States. Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2015.
LEGAL MUMBO JUMBO
- (Disclaimer: This is not professional or legal advice. If it were, the article would be followed with an invoice. Do not expect to win any social media arguments by hyperlinking my articles. Chances are, we are both wrong).
- (Trigger Warning: This article or section, or pages it links to, contains antiquated language or disturbing images which may be triggering to some.)
- (Permission to reprint this blog post in whole or in part is granted, provided that the author (or authors) and www.ryanglancaster.com are appropriately cited.)
- This site is for educational purposes only.
- Disclaimer: This learning module was primarily created by the professor with the assistance of AI technology. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information presented, please note that the AI's contribution was limited to some regions of the module. The professor takes full responsibility for the content of this module and any errors or omissions therein. This module is intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional advice or consultation. The professor and AI cannot be held responsible for any consequences arising from using this module.
- Fair Use: Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act of 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education, and research. Fair use is permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing.
- Fair Use Definition: Fair use is a doctrine in United States copyright law that allows limited use of copyrighted material without requiring permission from the rights holders, such as commentary, criticism, news reporting, research, teaching, or scholarship. It provides for the legal, non-licensed citation or incorporation of copyrighted material in another author’s work under a four-factor balancing test.