Module Four: The Chronic(le)
The saga of substance abuse and recreational indulgence paints a vivid, albeit occasionally bleak, picture—one that's as convoluted as a trippy journey down a rabbit hole. From emperors' opium-infused reveries to flower children's acid-fueled adventures, our communal jaunt through altered states has been anything but ordinary.
The Opium Wars are the epitome of Western diplomacy at its finest. Imagine a gaggle of European powers, armed with nothing but tea and a severe opium habit, knocking on China's door demanding entry. They had a craving for some good old-fashioned trade, naturally! And what better way to kickstart negotiations than by peddling a highly addictive substance that turns folks into opium zombies?
But fret not, for every dark cloud has a silver lining. The Opium Wars weren't just about getting the Chinese hooked on the good stuff; they were also about spreading Western ideals like democracy, capitalism, and the undeniable allure of addiction. So, while China may have lost a few rounds and gained a few million addicts, at least they got a taste of that sweet, sweet globalization.
Fast forward to Prohibition in the land of stars and stripes, where the notion of freedom took a back seat, especially concerning booze. Because what screams "freedom" louder than outlawing alcohol and turning every street corner into a speakeasy? At least Prohibition birthed some of America's greatest pastimes: organized crime, bootlegging, and bathtub gin so strong it could strip paint off a Buick.
Then came the swinging sixties, where hippies swapped tie-dye for LSD and revolutionized the art of getting high. The psychedelic movement wasn't just about dropping acid and chasing rainbows; it was a full-blown cultural shift, man. Sure, there were casualties along the way—like, you know, the occasional bad trip or two—but hey, you can't make an omelet without scrambling a few fragile minds.
And now, here we are in the 21st century, waist-deep in an opioid crisis that makes the Opium Wars seem like a kindergarten bake sale. Big Pharma, with its miracle pills and billion-dollar ad campaigns, has turned America into one giant pill-popping playground. But fear not because, for every opioid overdose, there's a pharmaceutical exec receiving a hefty bonus and a pat on the back.
So why bother delving into the history of substance abuse and recreational highs, you ask? Besides being more riveting than your average history lecture, it also sheds light on some crucial stuff, like how greed, power, and the insatiable human craving to get high have molded our world in ways we couldn't have fathomed.
Here's to the rebels, the misfits, and the chemically adventurous souls who dared to push the boundaries of consciousness. And here's to the historians, the researchers, and the armchair philosophers who continue to untangle the mysteries of the human psyche, one buzz at a time.
THE RUNDOWN
QUESTIONS
The Opium Wars are the epitome of Western diplomacy at its finest. Imagine a gaggle of European powers, armed with nothing but tea and a severe opium habit, knocking on China's door demanding entry. They had a craving for some good old-fashioned trade, naturally! And what better way to kickstart negotiations than by peddling a highly addictive substance that turns folks into opium zombies?
But fret not, for every dark cloud has a silver lining. The Opium Wars weren't just about getting the Chinese hooked on the good stuff; they were also about spreading Western ideals like democracy, capitalism, and the undeniable allure of addiction. So, while China may have lost a few rounds and gained a few million addicts, at least they got a taste of that sweet, sweet globalization.
Fast forward to Prohibition in the land of stars and stripes, where the notion of freedom took a back seat, especially concerning booze. Because what screams "freedom" louder than outlawing alcohol and turning every street corner into a speakeasy? At least Prohibition birthed some of America's greatest pastimes: organized crime, bootlegging, and bathtub gin so strong it could strip paint off a Buick.
Then came the swinging sixties, where hippies swapped tie-dye for LSD and revolutionized the art of getting high. The psychedelic movement wasn't just about dropping acid and chasing rainbows; it was a full-blown cultural shift, man. Sure, there were casualties along the way—like, you know, the occasional bad trip or two—but hey, you can't make an omelet without scrambling a few fragile minds.
And now, here we are in the 21st century, waist-deep in an opioid crisis that makes the Opium Wars seem like a kindergarten bake sale. Big Pharma, with its miracle pills and billion-dollar ad campaigns, has turned America into one giant pill-popping playground. But fear not because, for every opioid overdose, there's a pharmaceutical exec receiving a hefty bonus and a pat on the back.
So why bother delving into the history of substance abuse and recreational highs, you ask? Besides being more riveting than your average history lecture, it also sheds light on some crucial stuff, like how greed, power, and the insatiable human craving to get high have molded our world in ways we couldn't have fathomed.
Here's to the rebels, the misfits, and the chemically adventurous souls who dared to push the boundaries of consciousness. And here's to the historians, the researchers, and the armchair philosophers who continue to untangle the mysteries of the human psyche, one buzz at a time.
THE RUNDOWN
- The Opium Wars in the mid-1800s made China trade with the West, but it caused many people to become addicted and made society unstable.
- Prohibition in the U.S. during the 1920s made crime groups stronger and changed how police worked, but it also caused more violence, corruption, and health problems.
- In the 1960s, the Hippie Movement challenged how society thought and helped with civil rights, but too much drug use caused health problems and made people upset.
- Today, the opioid crisis is making people think about how we treat addiction and health care, but it's also causing a lot of addiction, deaths, and problems for poor people.
- Learning about drugs and how they're used is important for dealing with addiction and health problems now.
- When we understand how drugs were used in the past, we can find better ways to help people who are struggling and make sure they're treated fairly.
QUESTIONS
- What impact did movements like the Hippie Movement have on attitudes towards drugs and society? How are these movements similar to current efforts to address addiction and healthcare?
- How do drug-related policies affect different groups of people, especially those who are already struggling? How can we make sure everyone has access to the help they need?
- Why is it important to understand the history of drug use and policies? How can this knowledge help us find better ways to deal with addiction and healthcare issues today?
#4 Don't Focus on the 1%
Imagine a scenario where the accounts of our past, those ancient volumes of purported wisdom, have consistently originated from the so-called victors. But who exactly constitutes these victors? Primarily, they represent the elite 1%, the influential figures, those audacious individuals armed with quills and inkwells and formidable armies. We find ourselves navigating the convoluted passages of history akin to rodents traversing a maze conceived by Kafka under the influence of the intricate tapestry of human existence. And what revelation awaits? The ordinary people, the laborers, those devoid of armies but burdened with the unenviable task of confronting them are the unsung protagonists, the supporting actors in the epic saga of humanity.
Consider the Industrial Revolution. Indeed, steam engines, textile mills, and inventors adorned in top hats make appearances, yet who truly propels the gears and tightens the screws? It is not Sir Elegance with the monocle; instead, it is the average individuals, toiling away in factories, acquiring calluses rivaling those of a bare-handed rock climber. Let's rewind to the Civil Rights Movement on the topic of revolutions. Martin Luther King Jr. is a visionary, but let us not overlook the dreamers on the ground—those who confronted fire hoses and police dogs armed only with righteous anger and the audacity to defy oppression. It was not a solo performance; it resembled a punk rock ensemble of activism, eschewing conformity.
Why does all this bear significance in our era dominated by hashtags and viral memes? Because history transcends a mere chronicle of dates and deceased individuals of a particular ethnicity. It is the narrative of strife, the tale of the underprivileged who somehow resisted surrendering to oblivion. It encapsulates the account of the overlooked, the unheralded, and the exceedingly tenacious individuals who refused to be relegated to mere footnotes. Undoubtedly, delving into history beyond the privileged 1% may not secure you a lucratively compensated occupation, but it undeniably enhances your conversational allure at social gatherings. Envision dispensing insightful anecdotes about the genuine heroes of the past while indulging in your meticulously sourced latte. You would embody the epitome of a stylish time-traveling history enthusiast.
Here's to the uncelebrated heroes, the dissidents, and the agitators who sculpted the world while the 1% indulged in golf and monopolized the cigar market. Let us toast the ordinary individuals who, as it turns out, were rather extraordinary. Cheers to the foot soldiers of history, the authentic architects of transformation, and those who defiantly rebuffed the status quo. May their narratives endure, be recounted, and acquire meme status for generations.
RUNDOWN
STATE OF THE WORLD
Imagine a scenario where the accounts of our past, those ancient volumes of purported wisdom, have consistently originated from the so-called victors. But who exactly constitutes these victors? Primarily, they represent the elite 1%, the influential figures, those audacious individuals armed with quills and inkwells and formidable armies. We find ourselves navigating the convoluted passages of history akin to rodents traversing a maze conceived by Kafka under the influence of the intricate tapestry of human existence. And what revelation awaits? The ordinary people, the laborers, those devoid of armies but burdened with the unenviable task of confronting them are the unsung protagonists, the supporting actors in the epic saga of humanity.
Consider the Industrial Revolution. Indeed, steam engines, textile mills, and inventors adorned in top hats make appearances, yet who truly propels the gears and tightens the screws? It is not Sir Elegance with the monocle; instead, it is the average individuals, toiling away in factories, acquiring calluses rivaling those of a bare-handed rock climber. Let's rewind to the Civil Rights Movement on the topic of revolutions. Martin Luther King Jr. is a visionary, but let us not overlook the dreamers on the ground—those who confronted fire hoses and police dogs armed only with righteous anger and the audacity to defy oppression. It was not a solo performance; it resembled a punk rock ensemble of activism, eschewing conformity.
Why does all this bear significance in our era dominated by hashtags and viral memes? Because history transcends a mere chronicle of dates and deceased individuals of a particular ethnicity. It is the narrative of strife, the tale of the underprivileged who somehow resisted surrendering to oblivion. It encapsulates the account of the overlooked, the unheralded, and the exceedingly tenacious individuals who refused to be relegated to mere footnotes. Undoubtedly, delving into history beyond the privileged 1% may not secure you a lucratively compensated occupation, but it undeniably enhances your conversational allure at social gatherings. Envision dispensing insightful anecdotes about the genuine heroes of the past while indulging in your meticulously sourced latte. You would embody the epitome of a stylish time-traveling history enthusiast.
Here's to the uncelebrated heroes, the dissidents, and the agitators who sculpted the world while the 1% indulged in golf and monopolized the cigar market. Let us toast the ordinary individuals who, as it turns out, were rather extraordinary. Cheers to the foot soldiers of history, the authentic architects of transformation, and those who defiantly rebuffed the status quo. May their narratives endure, be recounted, and acquire meme status for generations.
RUNDOWN
- Comprehends shared human stories comprehensively.
- Reveals overlooked history through ordinary people's experiences.
- Vital for promoting inclusivity and challenging inequalities.
- Broadens historical perspective and acknowledges marginalized groups.
- Ordinary people's experiences provide insights into today's systems.
- Positive and negative outcomes: Empowers collective action but warns against perpetuating stereotypes.
STATE OF THE WORLD
World Map, 1500 CE
The 1500s, an era bursting with cultural diversity, power struggles, and the occasional witch trial for added flavor. Envision Europe during the Renaissance, where artists painted masterpieces amid the pungent aroma of sewage-filled streets, a backdrop to a vibrant cultural exchange. Simultaneously, in Asia, the Ming Dynasty flourished, and the Ottoman Empire flexed its muscles, each contributing to a rich tapestry of cultural diversity. Africa boasted majestic empires like Songhai and Mali, while the Swahili coast buzzed with commerce and cultural exchange, a melting pot of ideas and traditions. Meanwhile, the Americas showcased the grandeur of the Aztec, Maya, and Inca civilizations, each with their unique cultural contributions. Trade routes like the Silk Road and Indian Ocean network buzzed with activity, facilitating the exchange of goods and ideas, while religions like Christianity, Islam, and indigenous beliefs vied for followers. Technological innovations, from the printing press to gunpowder, propelled humanity forward amidst chaos and enlightenment, leaving a legacy of dynamic change and occasional outbreaks of bubonic plague.
HIGHLIGHTS
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We've got some fine classroom lectures coming your way, all courtesy of the RPTM podcast. These lectures will take you on a wild ride through history, exploring everything from ancient civilizations and epic battles to scientific breakthroughs and artistic revolutions. The podcast will guide you through each lecture with its no-nonsense, straight-talking style, using various sources to give you the lowdown on each topic. You won't find any fancy-pants jargon or convoluted theories here, just plain and straightforward explanations anyone can understand. So sit back and prepare to soak up some knowledge.
LECTURES
LECTURES
- UNDER CONSTRUCTION!
The Reading section—a realm where our aspirations of enlightenment often clash with the harsh realities of procrastination and the desperate reliance on Google. We soldier on through dense texts, promised 'broadening perspectives' but often wrestling with existential dread and academic pressure. With a healthy dose of sarcasm and a strong cup of coffee, I'll be your guide on this wild journey from dusty tomes to the murky depths of postmodernism. In the midst of all the pretentious prose, there's a glimmer of insight: we're all in this together, united in our struggle to survive without losing our sanity.
READING
This class utilizes the following textbook:
Sherman, Dennis, and Joyce Salisbury. The West in the World. 5th ed. McGraw Hill, 2013.
In the whirlwind of academia, where tweed jackets and discussions about the best coffee spot reign, Joyce Salisbury and Dennis Sherman stand out as the rebels of historical scholarship. Armed with Salisbury's Ph.D. in medieval history from Rutgers University and Sherman's academic journey from UC Berkeley to the University of Michigan, they challenge the conventional norms with their scholarly prowess and irreverent wit. Salisbury fearlessly delves into ancient violence with works like "The Blood of Martyrs" and uncovers forgotten tales of resilience in "The Encyclopedia of Women in the Ancient World." Meanwhile, Sherman, akin to an academic Indiana Jones, roams the globe contemplating French history in Parisian cafes and making history accessible with titles like "A Short History of Western Civilization." Together, they disrupt the ivory tower with their unapologetic approach and thirst for asking the tough questions.
As a dynamic duo, Salisbury and Sherman defy the stereotype of the stuffy historian. Their partnership merges Salisbury's pen, mightier than Excalibur itself, with Sherman's knack for weaving accessible narratives. They're not just scholars but cultural provocateurs challenging the status quo. So, here's to raising a glass (or a quill) to these academic renegades, who breathe life into the dusty corridors of historical scholarship with their relentless curiosity and scholarly swagger.
RUNDOWN
READING
- Chapter 15. Competing for Power and Wealth: The Old Regime, 1715-1789
This class utilizes the following textbook:
Sherman, Dennis, and Joyce Salisbury. The West in the World. 5th ed. McGraw Hill, 2013.
In the whirlwind of academia, where tweed jackets and discussions about the best coffee spot reign, Joyce Salisbury and Dennis Sherman stand out as the rebels of historical scholarship. Armed with Salisbury's Ph.D. in medieval history from Rutgers University and Sherman's academic journey from UC Berkeley to the University of Michigan, they challenge the conventional norms with their scholarly prowess and irreverent wit. Salisbury fearlessly delves into ancient violence with works like "The Blood of Martyrs" and uncovers forgotten tales of resilience in "The Encyclopedia of Women in the Ancient World." Meanwhile, Sherman, akin to an academic Indiana Jones, roams the globe contemplating French history in Parisian cafes and making history accessible with titles like "A Short History of Western Civilization." Together, they disrupt the ivory tower with their unapologetic approach and thirst for asking the tough questions.
As a dynamic duo, Salisbury and Sherman defy the stereotype of the stuffy historian. Their partnership merges Salisbury's pen, mightier than Excalibur itself, with Sherman's knack for weaving accessible narratives. They're not just scholars but cultural provocateurs challenging the status quo. So, here's to raising a glass (or a quill) to these academic renegades, who breathe life into the dusty corridors of historical scholarship with their relentless curiosity and scholarly swagger.
RUNDOWN
- Life between 1715 and 1789 appeared to change slowly for most people, who still lived in rural areas and worked on farms.
- Society and politics were mostly controlled by the aristocracy and monarchies, with elite tastes dominating culture.
- Underneath the surface, important changes were happening in the West during this time.
- The balance of power shifted with rising nations like Prussia and Russia in the east and Britain in the west.
- Success internationally often depended on how well governments managed their internal affairs.
- Some monarchs made reforms and embraced Enlightenment ideas, while others, like the French kings, did not.
- Economic changes, like increased commerce and the agricultural revolution, created new wealth and conflicts.
- British colonies in North America rebelled during the American Revolution, challenging the established order.
- Enlightenment ideas spread, laying the groundwork for future transformations in the Western world.
Howard Zinn was a historian, writer, and political activist known for his critical analysis of American history. He is particularly well-known for his counter-narrative to traditional American history accounts and highlights marginalized groups' experiences and perspectives. Zinn's work is often associated with social history and is known for his Marxist and socialist views. Larry Schweikart is also a historian, but his work and perspective are often considered more conservative. Schweikart's work is often associated with military history, and he is known for his support of free-market economics and limited government. Overall, Zinn and Schweikart have different perspectives on various historical issues and events and may interpret historical events and phenomena differently. Occasionally, we will also look at Thaddeus Russell, a historian, author, and academic. Russell has written extensively on the history of social and cultural change, and his work focuses on how marginalized and oppressed groups have challenged and transformed mainstream culture. Russell is known for his unconventional and controversial ideas, and his work has been praised for its originality and provocative nature.
My classes utilize both Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States and Larry Schweikart's Patriot's History of the United States, mostly in excerpts posted to the modules.
My classes utilize both Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States and Larry Schweikart's Patriot's History of the United States, mostly in excerpts posted to the modules.
Zinn, A People's History of the United States
"...At the end of the eighties, at least a third of African-American families fell below the official poverty level, and black unemployment seemed fixed at two and a half times that of whites, with young blacks out of work at the rate of 30 to 40 percent. The life expectancy of blacks remained at least ten years lower than that of whites. In Detroit, Washington, and Baltimore, the mortality rate for black babies was higher than in Jamaica or Costa Rica.
Along with poverty came broken homes, family violence, street crime, drugs. In Washington, D.C., with a concentrated population of black poor within walking distance of the marbled buildings of the national government, 42 percent of young black men between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five were either in jail, or out on probation or parole. The crime rate among blacks, instead of being seen as a crying demand for the elimination of poverty, was used by politicians to call for the building of more prisons..."
"...The fact of that discontent is clear. The surveys since the early seventies show 70 to 80 percent of Americans distrustful of government, business, the military. This means the distrust goes beyond blacks, the poor, the radicals. It has spread among skilled workers, white-collar workers, professionals; for the first time in the nation's history, perhaps, both the lower classes and the middle classes, the prisoners and the guards, were disillusioned with the system.
There are other signs: the high rate of alcoholism, the high rate of divorce (from one of three marriages ending in divorce, the figure was climbing to one of two), of drug use and abuse, of nervous breakdowns and mental illness. Millions of people have been looking desperately for solutions to their sense of impotency, their loneliness, their frustration, their estrangement from other people, from the world, from their work, from themselves. They have been adopting new religions, joining self-help groups of all kinds. It is as if a whole nation were going through a critical point in its middle age, a life crisis of self-doubt, self-examination. All this, at a time when the middle class is increasingly insecure economically. The system, in its irrationality, has been driven by profit to build steel skyscrapers for insurance companies while the cities decay, to spend billions for weapons of destruction and virtually nothing for children's playgrounds, to give huge incomes to men who make dangerous or useless things, and very little to artists, musicians, writers, actors. Capitalism has always been a failure for the lower classes. It is now beginning to fail for the middle classes..."
"...At the end of the eighties, at least a third of African-American families fell below the official poverty level, and black unemployment seemed fixed at two and a half times that of whites, with young blacks out of work at the rate of 30 to 40 percent. The life expectancy of blacks remained at least ten years lower than that of whites. In Detroit, Washington, and Baltimore, the mortality rate for black babies was higher than in Jamaica or Costa Rica.
Along with poverty came broken homes, family violence, street crime, drugs. In Washington, D.C., with a concentrated population of black poor within walking distance of the marbled buildings of the national government, 42 percent of young black men between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five were either in jail, or out on probation or parole. The crime rate among blacks, instead of being seen as a crying demand for the elimination of poverty, was used by politicians to call for the building of more prisons..."
"...The fact of that discontent is clear. The surveys since the early seventies show 70 to 80 percent of Americans distrustful of government, business, the military. This means the distrust goes beyond blacks, the poor, the radicals. It has spread among skilled workers, white-collar workers, professionals; for the first time in the nation's history, perhaps, both the lower classes and the middle classes, the prisoners and the guards, were disillusioned with the system.
There are other signs: the high rate of alcoholism, the high rate of divorce (from one of three marriages ending in divorce, the figure was climbing to one of two), of drug use and abuse, of nervous breakdowns and mental illness. Millions of people have been looking desperately for solutions to their sense of impotency, their loneliness, their frustration, their estrangement from other people, from the world, from their work, from themselves. They have been adopting new religions, joining self-help groups of all kinds. It is as if a whole nation were going through a critical point in its middle age, a life crisis of self-doubt, self-examination. All this, at a time when the middle class is increasingly insecure economically. The system, in its irrationality, has been driven by profit to build steel skyscrapers for insurance companies while the cities decay, to spend billions for weapons of destruction and virtually nothing for children's playgrounds, to give huge incomes to men who make dangerous or useless things, and very little to artists, musicians, writers, actors. Capitalism has always been a failure for the lower classes. It is now beginning to fail for the middle classes..."
Larry Schweikart, A Patriot's History of the United States
"... Enhancing the freedom from responsibility and the associated notion that normal activities such as holding jobs and raising families were somehow meaningless, the new drug culture spread through the underculture like wildfire. Timothy Leary’s famous call to tune in, turn on, and drop out reached innocent ears like a siren song, and many youth, already convinced their parents had lied to them about rock and roll, sex, and Vietnam, listened attentively. LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) was the subject of extensive tests by the CIA in the 1950s. One CIA researcher recalled the lab staff using it themselves, saying, 'There was an extensive amount of self-experimentation…[because] we felt that a firsthand knowledge of the subjective effects of these drugs [was] important.' LSD spread throughout the subculture and by the 1960s, dropping acid was equated with a religious experience by Beat poet Allen Ginsburg.
Increasingly, intellectuals in the 1960s advocated chemical use purely for pleasure and mind expansion. And not just LSD, but mescaline, heroin, amphetamines, Ditran, and other mysterious substances, all, of course, undergirded by the all-purpose and ubiquitous marijuana. Writer Ken Kesey credited his LSD trip for his insight in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest; leaders of the Berkeley Free Speech movement saw drugs as a natural element in their attack on conformity; and indeed drug use was, in their view, 'an important political catalyst…[that enabled] questioning of the official mythology of the governing class.' Or, as a veteran of the Free Speech movement bragged, 'When a young person took his first puff of psychoactive smoke,…[he] became a youth criminal against the State.' It was all so much empty rhetoric, but when draped in the language of academia, it took on a certain respectability..."
"... Enhancing the freedom from responsibility and the associated notion that normal activities such as holding jobs and raising families were somehow meaningless, the new drug culture spread through the underculture like wildfire. Timothy Leary’s famous call to tune in, turn on, and drop out reached innocent ears like a siren song, and many youth, already convinced their parents had lied to them about rock and roll, sex, and Vietnam, listened attentively. LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) was the subject of extensive tests by the CIA in the 1950s. One CIA researcher recalled the lab staff using it themselves, saying, 'There was an extensive amount of self-experimentation…[because] we felt that a firsthand knowledge of the subjective effects of these drugs [was] important.' LSD spread throughout the subculture and by the 1960s, dropping acid was equated with a religious experience by Beat poet Allen Ginsburg.
Increasingly, intellectuals in the 1960s advocated chemical use purely for pleasure and mind expansion. And not just LSD, but mescaline, heroin, amphetamines, Ditran, and other mysterious substances, all, of course, undergirded by the all-purpose and ubiquitous marijuana. Writer Ken Kesey credited his LSD trip for his insight in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest; leaders of the Berkeley Free Speech movement saw drugs as a natural element in their attack on conformity; and indeed drug use was, in their view, 'an important political catalyst…[that enabled] questioning of the official mythology of the governing class.' Or, as a veteran of the Free Speech movement bragged, 'When a young person took his first puff of psychoactive smoke,…[he] became a youth criminal against the State.' It was all so much empty rhetoric, but when draped in the language of academia, it took on a certain respectability..."
Thaddeus Russell, A Renegade History of the United States
"..The other unintended and ironic consequence of [World War II] had to do with production for the military. In early 1942, Japan cut off supplies to the U.S. of coarse fibers from Asia, which were vital in the making of several war materials. In response to this, the federal government encouraged American farmers to grow hemp, also known as marijuana, which could be used as a coarse fiber in defense production. Marijuana had been effectively outlawed in 1937, but during the war all American farmers were required to attend showings of the USDA film Hemp for Victory, sign that they had seen the film, and read a hemp cultivation booklet. Hemp harvesting machinery was made available at low or no cost. Farmers who agreed to grow hemp were waived from serving in the military, along with their sons. During the war, 350,000 acres of marijuana were cultivated for the war effort, and the seeds for the pot culture of postwar America were literally planted..."
"..The other unintended and ironic consequence of [World War II] had to do with production for the military. In early 1942, Japan cut off supplies to the U.S. of coarse fibers from Asia, which were vital in the making of several war materials. In response to this, the federal government encouraged American farmers to grow hemp, also known as marijuana, which could be used as a coarse fiber in defense production. Marijuana had been effectively outlawed in 1937, but during the war all American farmers were required to attend showings of the USDA film Hemp for Victory, sign that they had seen the film, and read a hemp cultivation booklet. Hemp harvesting machinery was made available at low or no cost. Farmers who agreed to grow hemp were waived from serving in the military, along with their sons. During the war, 350,000 acres of marijuana were cultivated for the war effort, and the seeds for the pot culture of postwar America were literally planted..."
The late 1980s in the United States resembled a chaotic stage play filled with societal clashes and cultural confusion. Imagine a scene set against the backdrop of crumbling cities, where actors dressed in worn-out costumes symbolizing inequality danced an unsettling waltz to the beat of economic woes and racial strife.
In this scene of dashed hopes and shattered illusions, African-American families were thrust onto a stage where the spotlight was anything but forgiving. Poverty played the role of a relentless director, scripting their lives and pushing them to the sidelines of the American Dream. Cities like Detroit, Washington, and Baltimore became arenas where the harsh realities of economic disparity were laid bare with every street corner. They abandoned the building, bearing witness to the struggle for survival.
Yet, amidst the chaos, a twisted sense of humor lingered, mocking the absurdity of it all. Cracks in the facade of societal norms widened, exposing a simmering discontent that transcended racial lines. Faith in authority figures crumbled like stale bread, leaving behind a bitter taste of disillusionment and cynicism.
Then came the drug scene, a surreal sideshow promising escape but delivering only chaos and despair. Timothy Leary, the guru of psychedelic exploration, led his followers down a rabbit hole of hedonistic indulgence, blurring the lines between reality and hallucination. LSD hailed as a pathway to enlightenment by some, became the poison fueling societal decay for others, luring unsuspecting souls into addiction.
And there was crack cocaine, the notorious troublemaker that swept through inner-city neighborhoods like a storm, leaving devastation in its wake. In communities where hope was scarce, crack became the currency of survival, exchanging lives for fleeting moments of euphoria. Government responses, driven by fear and bias, only aggravated racial tensions, turning neighborhoods into battlegrounds in the misguided war on drugs.
But amidst the darkness were sparks of resistance, whispers of defiance against oppression. The Black Panthers, pioneers of revolution, stood tall against injustice; their raised fists symbolized solidarity against tyranny. Though battered, The Civil Rights Movement refused to be silenced; its echoes reverberated through the halls of power.
So here we are, spectators in the theater of history grappling with the aftermath of a tumultuous era that still shapes our world today. The late 1980s weren't just another chapter in African-American history; they reflected society's deepest flaws, urging us to confront uncomfortable truths lying beneath the surface.
As we ponder this era of upheaval and change, let's do so with open eyes and hearts free from prejudice. We hope to build a future where justice, equality, and compassion prevail only by acknowledging past mistakes. And perhaps, in the end, we'll find redemption in our collective efforts for a brighter tomorrow.
THE RUNDOWN
QUESTIONS
In this scene of dashed hopes and shattered illusions, African-American families were thrust onto a stage where the spotlight was anything but forgiving. Poverty played the role of a relentless director, scripting their lives and pushing them to the sidelines of the American Dream. Cities like Detroit, Washington, and Baltimore became arenas where the harsh realities of economic disparity were laid bare with every street corner. They abandoned the building, bearing witness to the struggle for survival.
Yet, amidst the chaos, a twisted sense of humor lingered, mocking the absurdity of it all. Cracks in the facade of societal norms widened, exposing a simmering discontent that transcended racial lines. Faith in authority figures crumbled like stale bread, leaving behind a bitter taste of disillusionment and cynicism.
Then came the drug scene, a surreal sideshow promising escape but delivering only chaos and despair. Timothy Leary, the guru of psychedelic exploration, led his followers down a rabbit hole of hedonistic indulgence, blurring the lines between reality and hallucination. LSD hailed as a pathway to enlightenment by some, became the poison fueling societal decay for others, luring unsuspecting souls into addiction.
And there was crack cocaine, the notorious troublemaker that swept through inner-city neighborhoods like a storm, leaving devastation in its wake. In communities where hope was scarce, crack became the currency of survival, exchanging lives for fleeting moments of euphoria. Government responses, driven by fear and bias, only aggravated racial tensions, turning neighborhoods into battlegrounds in the misguided war on drugs.
But amidst the darkness were sparks of resistance, whispers of defiance against oppression. The Black Panthers, pioneers of revolution, stood tall against injustice; their raised fists symbolized solidarity against tyranny. Though battered, The Civil Rights Movement refused to be silenced; its echoes reverberated through the halls of power.
So here we are, spectators in the theater of history grappling with the aftermath of a tumultuous era that still shapes our world today. The late 1980s weren't just another chapter in African-American history; they reflected society's deepest flaws, urging us to confront uncomfortable truths lying beneath the surface.
As we ponder this era of upheaval and change, let's do so with open eyes and hearts free from prejudice. We hope to build a future where justice, equality, and compassion prevail only by acknowledging past mistakes. And perhaps, in the end, we'll find redemption in our collective efforts for a brighter tomorrow.
THE RUNDOWN
- The late 1980s in the United States saw African-American families grappling with poverty, unemployment, and disparities in life expectancy, highlighting systemic inequalities.
- Urban areas like Detroit, Washington, and Baltimore faced high rates of poverty, crime, and infant mortality among black communities, exacerbating social unrest.
- Widespread distrust in government, business, and the military extended beyond racial lines, reflecting a broader societal crisis.
- The emergence of a drug culture influenced by figures like Timothy Leary challenged traditional norms and values, contributing to social upheaval.
- The crack cocaine epidemic disproportionately affected African-American neighborhoods, exacerbating racial tensions and social decay.
- Grassroots movements and community organizing efforts aimed at addressing systemic inequalities and advocating for social justice persisted amid the challenges of the late 1980s.
QUESTIONS
- How did the emergence of a drug culture, influenced by figures like Timothy Leary, challenge traditional norms and values of society during this time? What impact did this have on social cohesion and stability?
- Discuss the intersections between race, poverty, and health disparities during the late 1980s. How did these intersecting factors contribute to the social and economic challenges faced by African-American communities?
- Considering the complexities of the late 1980s in the United States, what lessons can be learned from this period in terms of addressing systemic inequalities and promoting social justice in society today?
The Smokers, a 1636 portrait by Adriaen Brouwer
Prepare to be transported into the captivating realm of historical films and videos. Brace yourselves for a mind-bending odyssey through time as we embark on a cinematic expedition. Within these flickering frames, the past morphs into a vivid tapestry of triumphs, tragedies, and transformative moments that have shaped the very fabric of our existence. We shall immerse ourselves in a whirlwind of visual narratives, dissecting the nuances of artistic interpretations, examining the storytelling techniques, and voraciously devouring historical accuracy with the ferocity of a time-traveling historian. So strap in, hold tight, and prepare to have your perception of history forever shattered by the mesmerizing lens of the camera.
THE RUNDOWN
In the obscure corners of Victorian society, amidst the thick fog of despair, the opium dens thrived as enigmatic sanctuaries. Picture London in the 19th century, a time of rigid propriety and loosening morals, where opium flowed freely, blurring the lines between pleasure and pain. Yet, behind the sensationalized tales, these dens were not just havens for the morally corrupt but a refuge for the weary, offering solace from the harsh realities of life. Once hailed as a miraculous cure, opium soon ensnared its users in a relentless cycle of addiction, turning dreams of euphoria into despairing nightmares. As the 20th century dawned, society confronted the grim consequences of addiction, ushering in an era of prohibition to stem the tide of suffering. Though the opium dens of yore are but whispers in history's echo, their legacy serves as a cautionary tale, reminding us to confront reality rather than seek solace in escapism's embrace.
In the obscure corners of Victorian society, amidst the thick fog of despair, the opium dens thrived as enigmatic sanctuaries. Picture London in the 19th century, a time of rigid propriety and loosening morals, where opium flowed freely, blurring the lines between pleasure and pain. Yet, behind the sensationalized tales, these dens were not just havens for the morally corrupt but a refuge for the weary, offering solace from the harsh realities of life. Once hailed as a miraculous cure, opium soon ensnared its users in a relentless cycle of addiction, turning dreams of euphoria into despairing nightmares. As the 20th century dawned, society confronted the grim consequences of addiction, ushering in an era of prohibition to stem the tide of suffering. Though the opium dens of yore are but whispers in history's echo, their legacy serves as a cautionary tale, reminding us to confront reality rather than seek solace in escapism's embrace.
Welcome to the mind-bending Key Terms extravaganza of our history class learning module. Brace yourselves; we will unravel the cryptic codes, secret handshakes, and linguistic labyrinths that make up the twisted tapestry of historical knowledge. These key terms are the Rosetta Stones of our academic journey, the skeleton keys to unlocking the enigmatic doors of comprehension. They're like historical Swiss Army knives, equipped with blades of definition and corkscrews of contextual examples, ready to pierce through the fog of confusion and liberate your intellectual curiosity. By harnessing the power of these mighty key terms, you'll possess the superhuman ability to traverse the treacherous terrains of primary sources, surf the tumultuous waves of academic texts, and engage in epic battles of historical debate. The past awaits, and the key terms are keys to unlocking its dazzling secrets.
KEY TERMS
KEY TERMS
- 1500 - Exploration and Colonization and Drugs
- 1600 - Tobacco Trade Boom
- 1839 - Opium Wars
- 1886 - Coca-Cola's Invention and Drugs
- 1920 - Prohibition Era
- 1930 - Marijuana Criminalization
- 1938 - Discovery of LSD
- 1960: Psychedelic Renaissance
- 1970 - War on Drugs
- 1980 - Cocaine Epidemic
- 1980 - HIV/AIDS Crisis and Drugs
- 1990 - Medical Marijuana Legalization
- 2000 - Opioid Crisis
- 2010 - Legalization of Recreational Marijuana
- 2010 - Microdosing Trend
- 2010 - Decriminalization Efforts
- 2010 - Fentanyl Crisis
- 2010 - Cannabis Industry Boom
- 2020 - Legalization of Psychedelic Therapy
- 2020 - COVID-19 Pandemic and Drugs
DISCLAIMER: Welcome scholars to the wild and wacky world of history class. This isn't your granddaddy's boring ol' lecture, baby. We will take a trip through time, which will be one wild ride. I know some of you are in a brick-and-mortar setting, while others are in the vast digital wasteland. But fear not; we're all in this together. Online students might miss out on some in-person interaction, but you can still join in on the fun. This little shindig aims to get you all engaged with the course material and understand how past societies have shaped the world we know today. We'll talk about revolutions, wars, and other crazy stuff. So get ready, kids, because it's going to be one heck of a trip. And for all, you online students out there, don't be shy. Please share your thoughts and ideas with the rest of us. The Professor will do his best to give everyone an equal opportunity to learn, so don't hold back. So, let's do this thing!
Activity #1: UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Activity #2: UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Activity #1: UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Activity #2: UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Ladies and gentlemen, gather 'round for the pièce de résistance of this classroom module - the summary section. As we embark on this tantalizing journey, we'll savor the exquisite flavors of knowledge, highlighting the fundamental ingredients and spices that have seasoned our minds throughout these captivating lessons. Prepare to indulge in a savory recap that will leave your intellectual taste buds tingling, serving as a passport to further enlightenment.
The saga of drug-related escapades has been as old as time itself, woven into the tapestry of human existence like a particularly shady stitch. From the Opium Wars that rocked the streets of China to the crack cocaine craze that hit African-American neighborhoods like a wrecking ball, it's a tale of exploitation, misery, and a whole lot of dropped balls by the powers that be. But within this murky storyline are glimmers of hope, activism, and a stubborn refusal to let the bad guys win.
The Opium Wars serve as a particularly grotesque reminder of just how far some folks are willing to go for a quick buck, consequences be darned. Britain, in its feverish quest for cash, flooded China with opium, turning its citizens into unwitting addicts and its land into a veritable war zone. The fallout was catastrophic: addiction rates skyrocketed, families crumbled, and China was left picking up the pieces of its shattered dignity. All for the sake of a few fat wallets.
But even amid this chaos, there were heroes. Ordinary Chinese folks, caught in the crossfire of imperialistic greed, became unlikely champions in a battle for survival. Their stories, often swept under the historical rug, speak volumes about human resilience in the face of overwhelming odds. They were the casualties of a war they never signed up for, victims of a system that cared more about profits than people.
Now, let's fast forward to the crack cocaine craze of the '80s and '90s. The similarities are uncanny. Once again, marginalized communities found themselves in the firing line of a drug epidemic fueled by poverty, inequality, and good old-fashioned racism. African-American neighborhoods turned into war zones, torn apart by addiction and despair. And once again, the powers that be looked the other way, content to let the flames of destruction rage on.
But amid this madness, there were whispers of resistance. Grassroots movements sprouted like dandelions through cracked pavement, defiant in the face of despair. Groups like the Black Panther Party and individuals like Angela Davis refused to play the victim, opting to fight tooth and nail for their communities instead. Theirs was a battle not just against drugs but against a system hell-bent on erasing their very existence.
So, what's the takeaway from these dark chapters of history? It could be that a society's true worth isn't measured by its victories but by its failures. The hallmark of civilization isn't in its conquests but in its capacity for empathy. And that the road to redemption begins with acknowledging our shared humanity, warts and all.
As we grapple with the challenges of today and the mysteries of tomorrow, let's remember the lessons of yesteryear. Let's remember the faces of those who suffered and the voices of those who spoke out. And let's honor their memory not with empty promises but with real, tangible change. We can only dream of a future where justice, equality, and compassion reign supreme.
Or, in others words:
The Opium Wars serve as a particularly grotesque reminder of just how far some folks are willing to go for a quick buck, consequences be darned. Britain, in its feverish quest for cash, flooded China with opium, turning its citizens into unwitting addicts and its land into a veritable war zone. The fallout was catastrophic: addiction rates skyrocketed, families crumbled, and China was left picking up the pieces of its shattered dignity. All for the sake of a few fat wallets.
But even amid this chaos, there were heroes. Ordinary Chinese folks, caught in the crossfire of imperialistic greed, became unlikely champions in a battle for survival. Their stories, often swept under the historical rug, speak volumes about human resilience in the face of overwhelming odds. They were the casualties of a war they never signed up for, victims of a system that cared more about profits than people.
Now, let's fast forward to the crack cocaine craze of the '80s and '90s. The similarities are uncanny. Once again, marginalized communities found themselves in the firing line of a drug epidemic fueled by poverty, inequality, and good old-fashioned racism. African-American neighborhoods turned into war zones, torn apart by addiction and despair. And once again, the powers that be looked the other way, content to let the flames of destruction rage on.
But amid this madness, there were whispers of resistance. Grassroots movements sprouted like dandelions through cracked pavement, defiant in the face of despair. Groups like the Black Panther Party and individuals like Angela Davis refused to play the victim, opting to fight tooth and nail for their communities instead. Theirs was a battle not just against drugs but against a system hell-bent on erasing their very existence.
So, what's the takeaway from these dark chapters of history? It could be that a society's true worth isn't measured by its victories but by its failures. The hallmark of civilization isn't in its conquests but in its capacity for empathy. And that the road to redemption begins with acknowledging our shared humanity, warts and all.
As we grapple with the challenges of today and the mysteries of tomorrow, let's remember the lessons of yesteryear. Let's remember the faces of those who suffered and the voices of those who spoke out. And let's honor their memory not with empty promises but with real, tangible change. We can only dream of a future where justice, equality, and compassion reign supreme.
Or, in others words:
- Drug-related events like the Opium Wars and the crack cocaine epidemic have left lasting impacts on Western Civilization, shaping trade, societal norms, and individual lives.
The Opium Wars facilitated Western expansion in China but inflicted widespread addiction, economic exploitation, and loss of sovereignty on the Chinese population.
Grassroots movements emerged in response to the crack cocaine epidemic, advocating for social justice and community empowerment among marginalized African-American communities.
However, the crack epidemic exacerbated systemic inequalities, leading to mass incarceration and perpetuating cycles of poverty and disenfranchisement.
Studying these events provides insights into the complexities of societal change, power dynamics, and the enduring struggle for justice in Western history.
Learning from the experiences of ordinary people affected by drug-related events informs contemporary efforts to address addiction, healthcare issues, and systemic inequalities.
ASSIGNMENTS
Forum Discussion #05
- Forum Discussion #5
Forum Discussion #05
Nutty History is a vibrant YouTube channel dedicated to uncovering the wacky, crazy, and weird facets of history, promising an entertaining journey through the unexpected and eccentric narratives of the past to engage and educate audiences of all ages. Watch the following:
Please answer the following question:
During World War I, soldiers often turned to drugs like morphine and cocaine to cope with the physical and emotional challenges of combat. While these substances provided temporary relief, they also led to addiction and other health issues. How did the use of drugs impact soldiers' experiences during the war, and what measures were taken to address this issue?
Need help? Remember the Discussion Board Rubric.
THE RUNDOWN
Amidst horrors and heroics, soldiers of old sought solace in mind-altering concoctions. In the trenches of the Great War, amidst blood and despair, the pharmacopeia knew no bounds. Picture a weary soldier reaching for liquid courage, drowning out the screams of comrades. Yet, morphine chains the wounded, addiction gnawing long after drums fade. Cocaine, "Snow White," grants false invincibility, leaving shattered minds. In history's archives, these substances speak volumes of human folly and our escape quest. As the smoke clears, we confront our self-conjured demons. Yet, amidst the rubble, hope gleams. By acknowledging past folly, we forge a path to a future free of addiction's grip, where war's horrors are but tales of old, and the fallen are honored in a journey toward a brighter tomorrow.
During World War I, soldiers often turned to drugs like morphine and cocaine to cope with the physical and emotional challenges of combat. While these substances provided temporary relief, they also led to addiction and other health issues. How did the use of drugs impact soldiers' experiences during the war, and what measures were taken to address this issue?
Need help? Remember the Discussion Board Rubric.
THE RUNDOWN
Amidst horrors and heroics, soldiers of old sought solace in mind-altering concoctions. In the trenches of the Great War, amidst blood and despair, the pharmacopeia knew no bounds. Picture a weary soldier reaching for liquid courage, drowning out the screams of comrades. Yet, morphine chains the wounded, addiction gnawing long after drums fade. Cocaine, "Snow White," grants false invincibility, leaving shattered minds. In history's archives, these substances speak volumes of human folly and our escape quest. As the smoke clears, we confront our self-conjured demons. Yet, amidst the rubble, hope gleams. By acknowledging past folly, we forge a path to a future free of addiction's grip, where war's horrors are but tales of old, and the fallen are honored in a journey toward a brighter tomorrow.
Hey, welcome to the work cited section! Here's where you'll find all the heavy hitters that inspired the content you've just consumed. Some might think citations are as dull as unbuttered toast, but nothing gets my intellectual juices flowing like a good reference list. Don't get me wrong, just because we've cited a source; doesn't mean we're always going to see eye-to-eye. But that's the beauty of it - it's up to you to chew on the material and come to conclusions. Listen, we've gone to great lengths to ensure these citations are accurate, but let's face it, we're all human. So, give us a holler if you notice any mistakes or suggest more sources. We're always looking to up our game. Ultimately, it's all about pursuing knowledge and truth.
Work Cited:
Work Cited:
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