HST 202 Module #9
Buy the Ticket, Take the Ride (1956 CE - 1964 CE)
The epoch from 1956 to 1964 is of utmost importance in the annals of United States history. It witnessed numerous consequential events that have indelibly shaped the nation's course. This discourse shall scrutinize this era's affirmative and adverse aspects, underscoring the rationale behind its enduring significance. The era I speak of had its ups and downs, but among its shining lights was the Civil Rights Movement. With a mission to eradicate racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans, this movement truly stirred the hearts and minds of many.
In our Lord 1955, the movement's momentum surged forward when a brave woman named Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, to a white passenger. The resulting Montgomery Bus Boycott, which lasted from December 1955 to December 1956, proved to be one of the first successful protests of the Civil Rights Movement. Then in 1957, President Eisenhower dispatched federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to ensure the desegregation of Central High School. And in 1960, a courageous group of African American students staged a sit-in at a segregated lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, igniting similar protests across the land. It was a momentous occasion, to be sure.
Oh, what a time it was, my friends. And though the journey towards true equality was long and arduous, these events and others like them gave us hope that one day, we might genuinely be one indivisible nation with liberty and justice for all. I can't help but think about the Space Race. It was a time of fierce competition between the Soviet Union and the United States, but it also brought about some remarkable achievements. It all started in 1957 when the Soviets sent Sputnik 1 into orbit. The Americans didn't take this sitting down, though. They quickly established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and kicked their space program into high gear.
Before we knew it, we had Alan Shepard, a brave soul, blasting off into the unknown and becoming the first American to journey into space. Then, in 1962, John Glenn went even further, becoming the first American to orbit the earth. These were remarkable feats of human ingenuity and perseverance, and they marked a new era in our understanding of the cosmos. It was a time when the impossible became possible, and dreams were realized. And to think, it all started with a little metal ball called Sputnik 1.
The thing about that era is it had its share of negatives too. The Vietnam War was one of them, and it didn't start small. Things ramped up during that time, with the US getting increasingly involved. And then, in '64, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, giving the green light for military force in Vietnam. It was a long and bloody conflict, lasting a whole decade, with the death toll reaching over 58,000 American soldiers and an untold number of Vietnamese civilians. Not the brightest chapter in our nation's history.
There was a time of darkness and dread known as the Cold War. It was like a wicked game of chess played by the big boys of international politics, and nobody was having any fun. In 1962, the world was pushed to the edge of oblivion during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The USSR put nuclear missiles on the doorstep of the United States, just 90 measly miles away. President Kennedy and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev went toe-to-toe, but eventually, diplomacy prevailed. The episode was a wake-up call, reminding us of the peril of nuclear weapons and the desperate need for arms control. It was a time of fear, a time of uncertainty, and a time when the fate of the world hung in the balance.
The good and bad times were a linchpin in the study of American history. It was a time of great transformation as the winds of change swept through the land, bringing social and political turmoil, technological wizardry, and global strife. The Civil Rights Movement took steps forward in the battle for racial equality, while the Space Race showed America's technological know-how and cunning. The Vietnam War and the Cold War drove home the harsh realities of American power and its limits.
Even now, the echoes of those times continue to ring throughout American society and politics. The Civil Rights Movement kindled the fire for later struggles for equality and justice. At the same time, the Space Race set the stage for American domination in the fields of science and technology. The Vietnam War and the Cold War are stark reminders of the dangers of military might and the vital importance of diplomacy and cooperation. This era saw severe positive and destructive changes that left a lasting impact on our society and politics. From technological advancements to political upheaval, it was a time of transformation.
Now, I won't sugarcoat it - there were some downsides. But let's not dwell on the negatives. Instead, let's focus on the positive ways this era shaped America. It pushed us forward, and we learned some valuable lessons along the way. The legacy of this time lives on, inspiring and informing us to this day. It's a reminder that history never ends - an ongoing process that shapes who we are and who we'll become. So let's honor that legacy and keep moving forward, learning, and growing.
THE RUNDOWN
QUESTIONS
Rule number nine of history: tear down your idols. The idea of statues is so frustrating for a historian as they create an internal war within us. I have been known to stop and read every placard on every statue in every town I go on vacation with my family. As I read about the historical importance of whatever mundane event or person is being given credit, I can hear both the collective groan of boredom and the eyes rolling back into the head of my wife and children. What can I say? I like the statues! But the sad reality is some of these statues should not exist. Historically speaking, the figures were created initially as shrines to deities. This goes all the way to when man first learned how to chisel into a rock. But then eventually, as society aged, so did people's taste. The dreaded politician or emperor or king also wanted to be immortalized for centuries. This blurred the lines of fact and reality. Gods were perfect; humans are not. The statue seems to neglect the fact that these very fallible people did very ordinary things. Very mundane things.
Next time you see a statue of Nero, remember he ALSO pooped. But the unfortunate truth is these enshrined leaders also did terrible things to others. And it seems that we as humans remove any sort of onus or responsibility for horrific actions made by men in bronzed statues. We must tear down statues (meteorically, of course, please don't catch a charge on my account). Remember that fallible people are in charge always, and just because you are on a pedestal, you should not be removed from the court of opinion. This goes for every person in a position of power, regardless if they are marbleized or not. It makes me sick to my stomach to see or read all the people who venerate politicians, mostly if they ignore all the war crimes and human rights that have been violated in the state's name. It makes you wonder: does everyone or no one deserve a statue?
In the words of Shelly from his epic poem, Ozymandias: "Look on my works ye mighty, and despair."
The epoch from 1956 to 1964 is of utmost importance in the annals of United States history. It witnessed numerous consequential events that have indelibly shaped the nation's course. This discourse shall scrutinize this era's affirmative and adverse aspects, underscoring the rationale behind its enduring significance. The era I speak of had its ups and downs, but among its shining lights was the Civil Rights Movement. With a mission to eradicate racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans, this movement truly stirred the hearts and minds of many.
In our Lord 1955, the movement's momentum surged forward when a brave woman named Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, to a white passenger. The resulting Montgomery Bus Boycott, which lasted from December 1955 to December 1956, proved to be one of the first successful protests of the Civil Rights Movement. Then in 1957, President Eisenhower dispatched federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to ensure the desegregation of Central High School. And in 1960, a courageous group of African American students staged a sit-in at a segregated lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, igniting similar protests across the land. It was a momentous occasion, to be sure.
Oh, what a time it was, my friends. And though the journey towards true equality was long and arduous, these events and others like them gave us hope that one day, we might genuinely be one indivisible nation with liberty and justice for all. I can't help but think about the Space Race. It was a time of fierce competition between the Soviet Union and the United States, but it also brought about some remarkable achievements. It all started in 1957 when the Soviets sent Sputnik 1 into orbit. The Americans didn't take this sitting down, though. They quickly established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and kicked their space program into high gear.
Before we knew it, we had Alan Shepard, a brave soul, blasting off into the unknown and becoming the first American to journey into space. Then, in 1962, John Glenn went even further, becoming the first American to orbit the earth. These were remarkable feats of human ingenuity and perseverance, and they marked a new era in our understanding of the cosmos. It was a time when the impossible became possible, and dreams were realized. And to think, it all started with a little metal ball called Sputnik 1.
The thing about that era is it had its share of negatives too. The Vietnam War was one of them, and it didn't start small. Things ramped up during that time, with the US getting increasingly involved. And then, in '64, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, giving the green light for military force in Vietnam. It was a long and bloody conflict, lasting a whole decade, with the death toll reaching over 58,000 American soldiers and an untold number of Vietnamese civilians. Not the brightest chapter in our nation's history.
There was a time of darkness and dread known as the Cold War. It was like a wicked game of chess played by the big boys of international politics, and nobody was having any fun. In 1962, the world was pushed to the edge of oblivion during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The USSR put nuclear missiles on the doorstep of the United States, just 90 measly miles away. President Kennedy and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev went toe-to-toe, but eventually, diplomacy prevailed. The episode was a wake-up call, reminding us of the peril of nuclear weapons and the desperate need for arms control. It was a time of fear, a time of uncertainty, and a time when the fate of the world hung in the balance.
The good and bad times were a linchpin in the study of American history. It was a time of great transformation as the winds of change swept through the land, bringing social and political turmoil, technological wizardry, and global strife. The Civil Rights Movement took steps forward in the battle for racial equality, while the Space Race showed America's technological know-how and cunning. The Vietnam War and the Cold War drove home the harsh realities of American power and its limits.
Even now, the echoes of those times continue to ring throughout American society and politics. The Civil Rights Movement kindled the fire for later struggles for equality and justice. At the same time, the Space Race set the stage for American domination in the fields of science and technology. The Vietnam War and the Cold War are stark reminders of the dangers of military might and the vital importance of diplomacy and cooperation. This era saw severe positive and destructive changes that left a lasting impact on our society and politics. From technological advancements to political upheaval, it was a time of transformation.
Now, I won't sugarcoat it - there were some downsides. But let's not dwell on the negatives. Instead, let's focus on the positive ways this era shaped America. It pushed us forward, and we learned some valuable lessons along the way. The legacy of this time lives on, inspiring and informing us to this day. It's a reminder that history never ends - an ongoing process that shapes who we are and who we'll become. So let's honor that legacy and keep moving forward, learning, and growing.
THE RUNDOWN
- The era from 1956 to 1964 is significant in US history with events that shaped the nation's course.
- The Civil Rights Movement aimed to eradicate racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans and had successful protests like the Montgomery Bus Boycott and desegregation of Central High School.
- The Space Race between the US and Soviet Union brought remarkable achievements like Alan Shepard becoming the first American to journey into space and marked a new era in understanding the cosmos.
- The Vietnam War and Cold War were negative aspects, with the former lasting a decade and resulting in the death of over 58,000 American soldiers and Vietnamese civilians, and the latter causing global strife and pushing the world to the edge of oblivion during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
- The era brought social and political turmoil, technological advancements, and global strife, leaving a lasting impact on society and politics.
- The legacy of this time lives on, inspiring and informing us to keep moving forward, learning, and growing.
QUESTIONS
- How did the Civil Rights Movement impact American society and politics during this era, and what lasting effects did it have on the fight for equality and justice?
- What was the Space Race, and how did it reflect the technological prowess and innovation of the United States during this time?
- How did the Vietnam War and the Cold War affect American society and politics during this era, and what lessons did we learn from these conflicts?
Rule number nine of history: tear down your idols. The idea of statues is so frustrating for a historian as they create an internal war within us. I have been known to stop and read every placard on every statue in every town I go on vacation with my family. As I read about the historical importance of whatever mundane event or person is being given credit, I can hear both the collective groan of boredom and the eyes rolling back into the head of my wife and children. What can I say? I like the statues! But the sad reality is some of these statues should not exist. Historically speaking, the figures were created initially as shrines to deities. This goes all the way to when man first learned how to chisel into a rock. But then eventually, as society aged, so did people's taste. The dreaded politician or emperor or king also wanted to be immortalized for centuries. This blurred the lines of fact and reality. Gods were perfect; humans are not. The statue seems to neglect the fact that these very fallible people did very ordinary things. Very mundane things.
Next time you see a statue of Nero, remember he ALSO pooped. But the unfortunate truth is these enshrined leaders also did terrible things to others. And it seems that we as humans remove any sort of onus or responsibility for horrific actions made by men in bronzed statues. We must tear down statues (meteorically, of course, please don't catch a charge on my account). Remember that fallible people are in charge always, and just because you are on a pedestal, you should not be removed from the court of opinion. This goes for every person in a position of power, regardless if they are marbleized or not. It makes me sick to my stomach to see or read all the people who venerate politicians, mostly if they ignore all the war crimes and human rights that have been violated in the state's name. It makes you wonder: does everyone or no one deserve a statue?
In the words of Shelly from his epic poem, Ozymandias: "Look on my works ye mighty, and despair."
#9 Tear Down Your Idols.
The idea of statues is so frustrating for a historian as they create an internal war within us. I have been known to stop and read every placard on every statue in every town I go on vacation with my family. As I read about the historical importance of whatever mundane event or person is being given credit, I can hear both the collective groan of boredom and the eyes rolling back into the head of my wife and children. What can I say? I like the statues! But the sad reality is some of these statues should not exist. Historically speaking, the figures were created initially as shrines to deities. This goes all the way to when man first learned how to chisel into a rock. But then eventually, as society aged, so did people's taste. The dreaded politician or emperor or king also wanted to be immortalized for centuries. This blurred the lines of fact and reality. Gods were perfect; humans are not. The statue seems to neglect the fact that these very fallible people did very ordinary things. Very mundane things.
Throughout the annals of human history, there have been those deemed worthy of reverence and admiration, often to the point of achieving legendary status. Whether as political leaders or pioneering scientists, these figures have been extolled as exemplars, their exploits serving as a wellspring of inspiration for future generations. However, recently, there has been a mounting discourse over whether we should uphold such figures or take a more critical perspective. While there are undoubtedly benefits to commemorating historical figures, there are also perils that we must confront. By examining this issue, we can deepen our comprehension of how our understanding of the past is constructed and how we can cultivate a more nuanced and accurate depiction of history.
When we hoist someone to the pedestal of a hero or role model, we overlook the nuanced facets of their character and actions. Venerating figures from history can mask their faults and foibles. Take Christopher Columbus, for instance. Many folks hail him as a valiant explorer who "discovered" America. Still, the truth is that his voyages were marred by the ruthless treatment of indigenous folks and the start of a colonization process that had dire consequences for native peoples. Similarly, Thomas Jefferson is often lauded as a defender of liberty and democracy. Still, his stance on slavery and the treatment of those enslaved raises severe doubts about his dedication to those values. By brushing these aspects of historical figures under the rug, we can construct a twisted view of the past that fails to grasp the intricacies and paradoxes of human conduct.
Listen, it's easy to get caught up in the cult of personality. We put these historical figures on a pedestal and fixate on them, forgetting the many other players who helped shape history. But let's remember that history is never just about one person. Take the Civil Rights movement, for instance. We all know about Martin Luther King Jr. and his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech. But the truth is, he was just one part of a much larger movement involving thousands of people who stood up against injustice. We're discussing Ella Baker, Bayard Rustin, and Fannie Lou Hamer. These people organized protests, staged boycotts, and put their bodies on the line for their beliefs. So let's not get caught up in hero worship. Let's remember that history is made by all of us, not just a select few.
There's no denying that worshipping historical figures has some drawbacks, but it's not all bad. There are some upsides to the whole enterprise. One such benefit is that it can be an incredible motivator, inspiring people to strive for excellence and pursue their greatness. Think about it: when we hold up individuals who have accomplished genuinely remarkable things, we can provide a roadmap for others to follow. By emulating the actions of those who have achieved greatness, we can tap into our potential and work towards realizing our own goals. For instance, consider the story of Rosa Parks, who refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus in 1955. Her bravery and commitment to justice have inspired countless people to stand against oppression and inequality. And the example of Mahatma Gandhi and his unwavering commitment to nonviolent resistance has served as a beacon of hope for global activists. But we can't erase that even Gandhi himself has skeleton's living in his closet.
So while it's true that there are some negative aspects to putting historical figures on a pedestal, we shouldn't overlook the positive impact that these icons can have on our lives. Ultimately, the best way to approach our historical heroes is with a mix of admiration and humility, recognizing their accomplishments while acknowledging our potential to achieve greatness. Listen here, my friends, and heed my words, for they are gospel truth. No, sir, the past is not some distant relic to be cast aside and forgotten. Revering those who came before us is crucial in forging our shared identity and purpose as a nation. When we hoist up the likes of George Washington or Abraham Lincoln, we signal to the world that we stand for something and believe in specific values and ideals that define us as a people. It's a rallying cry for all those who share our vision of a better future.
And let me tell you, brothers and sisters, that sense of purpose is powerful. It can unite us like nothing else, uniting us in a common cause to build a more just and equitable society. Look at the Civil Rights movement, for example. The legacy of those brave souls who fought for justice and equality has inspired generations of activists to keep the fight alive, from voting rights to police reform. So let us not forget the giants upon whose shoulders we stand.
Though idolizing historical figures is tempting, we must keep a sharp eye and avoid the snare of hero worship. By recognizing the imperfections and intricacies of these figures, we gain a more refined and truthful comprehension of the past, steering clear of falsehoods and myths. It also helps us celebrate and acknowledge the contributions of a diverse spectrum of individuals instead of elevating a privileged few. Furthermore, analyzing how these figures have been revered or condemned can bring to light how societies shape their historical accounts and how those accounts can reveal prejudices and power struggles.
Let us examine the discourse surrounding the Confederacy relics that dot the United States landscape. These towering statues were erected in the early twentieth century as part of a grander scheme to promote the "Lost Cause" narrative of the Civil War, which enshrined the Confederacy as a virtuous and valiant cause than a defense of enslavement and white supremacy.
Some among us maintain that these memorials should be eradicated, for they propagate a twisted and erroneous version of the past. While others insist that they be preserved, for they are part and parcel of our national legacy, notwithstanding their contentiousness. If we delve deep into the debate and how we remember those who came before us, we can see how the prevailing winds of society and politics influence our view of the past. By doing so, we can learn to build a more inclusive and truthful history that respects the voices of those on the fringes and gives credit to the many different people who have helped shape our world.
Look, let's not kid ourselves. History's full of people we like to put on pedestals to worship as idols. But let me tell you, as a guy who's traveled the world and seen some things; there's always more to the story. These historical figures might have done some good but need to be revised. Like, big time. And we need to be honest about that. Because if we're not, we're just perpetuating many lies and myths. It's not about tearing people down, though. No, it's about understanding them better. It's about recognizing the full spectrum of their humanity, the good and the bad. Only then can we create a more accurate picture of history that includes everyone's contributions. So let's dig deep, be honest, and keep learning because that's how we progress and build a better future.
Next time you see a statue of Nero, remember he ALSO pooped. But the unfortunate truth is these enshrined leaders also did terrible things to others. And it seems that we as humans remove any sort of onus or responsibility for horrific actions made by men in bronzed statues. We must tear down statues (metaphorically of course, please don't catch a charge on my account). Remember that fallible people are in charge always, and just because you are on a pedestal, you should not be removed from the court of opinion. This goes for every person in a position of power, regardless if they are marbleized or not. It makes me sick to my stomach to see or read all the people who venerate politicians, mostly if they ignore all the war crimes and human rights that have been violated in the state's name. It makes you wonder: does everyone or no one deserve a statue?
In the words of Shelly from his epic poem, Ozymandias: "Look on my works ye mighty, and despair."
THE RUNDOWN
The idea of statues is so frustrating for a historian as they create an internal war within us. I have been known to stop and read every placard on every statue in every town I go on vacation with my family. As I read about the historical importance of whatever mundane event or person is being given credit, I can hear both the collective groan of boredom and the eyes rolling back into the head of my wife and children. What can I say? I like the statues! But the sad reality is some of these statues should not exist. Historically speaking, the figures were created initially as shrines to deities. This goes all the way to when man first learned how to chisel into a rock. But then eventually, as society aged, so did people's taste. The dreaded politician or emperor or king also wanted to be immortalized for centuries. This blurred the lines of fact and reality. Gods were perfect; humans are not. The statue seems to neglect the fact that these very fallible people did very ordinary things. Very mundane things.
Throughout the annals of human history, there have been those deemed worthy of reverence and admiration, often to the point of achieving legendary status. Whether as political leaders or pioneering scientists, these figures have been extolled as exemplars, their exploits serving as a wellspring of inspiration for future generations. However, recently, there has been a mounting discourse over whether we should uphold such figures or take a more critical perspective. While there are undoubtedly benefits to commemorating historical figures, there are also perils that we must confront. By examining this issue, we can deepen our comprehension of how our understanding of the past is constructed and how we can cultivate a more nuanced and accurate depiction of history.
When we hoist someone to the pedestal of a hero or role model, we overlook the nuanced facets of their character and actions. Venerating figures from history can mask their faults and foibles. Take Christopher Columbus, for instance. Many folks hail him as a valiant explorer who "discovered" America. Still, the truth is that his voyages were marred by the ruthless treatment of indigenous folks and the start of a colonization process that had dire consequences for native peoples. Similarly, Thomas Jefferson is often lauded as a defender of liberty and democracy. Still, his stance on slavery and the treatment of those enslaved raises severe doubts about his dedication to those values. By brushing these aspects of historical figures under the rug, we can construct a twisted view of the past that fails to grasp the intricacies and paradoxes of human conduct.
Listen, it's easy to get caught up in the cult of personality. We put these historical figures on a pedestal and fixate on them, forgetting the many other players who helped shape history. But let's remember that history is never just about one person. Take the Civil Rights movement, for instance. We all know about Martin Luther King Jr. and his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech. But the truth is, he was just one part of a much larger movement involving thousands of people who stood up against injustice. We're discussing Ella Baker, Bayard Rustin, and Fannie Lou Hamer. These people organized protests, staged boycotts, and put their bodies on the line for their beliefs. So let's not get caught up in hero worship. Let's remember that history is made by all of us, not just a select few.
There's no denying that worshipping historical figures has some drawbacks, but it's not all bad. There are some upsides to the whole enterprise. One such benefit is that it can be an incredible motivator, inspiring people to strive for excellence and pursue their greatness. Think about it: when we hold up individuals who have accomplished genuinely remarkable things, we can provide a roadmap for others to follow. By emulating the actions of those who have achieved greatness, we can tap into our potential and work towards realizing our own goals. For instance, consider the story of Rosa Parks, who refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus in 1955. Her bravery and commitment to justice have inspired countless people to stand against oppression and inequality. And the example of Mahatma Gandhi and his unwavering commitment to nonviolent resistance has served as a beacon of hope for global activists. But we can't erase that even Gandhi himself has skeleton's living in his closet.
So while it's true that there are some negative aspects to putting historical figures on a pedestal, we shouldn't overlook the positive impact that these icons can have on our lives. Ultimately, the best way to approach our historical heroes is with a mix of admiration and humility, recognizing their accomplishments while acknowledging our potential to achieve greatness. Listen here, my friends, and heed my words, for they are gospel truth. No, sir, the past is not some distant relic to be cast aside and forgotten. Revering those who came before us is crucial in forging our shared identity and purpose as a nation. When we hoist up the likes of George Washington or Abraham Lincoln, we signal to the world that we stand for something and believe in specific values and ideals that define us as a people. It's a rallying cry for all those who share our vision of a better future.
And let me tell you, brothers and sisters, that sense of purpose is powerful. It can unite us like nothing else, uniting us in a common cause to build a more just and equitable society. Look at the Civil Rights movement, for example. The legacy of those brave souls who fought for justice and equality has inspired generations of activists to keep the fight alive, from voting rights to police reform. So let us not forget the giants upon whose shoulders we stand.
Though idolizing historical figures is tempting, we must keep a sharp eye and avoid the snare of hero worship. By recognizing the imperfections and intricacies of these figures, we gain a more refined and truthful comprehension of the past, steering clear of falsehoods and myths. It also helps us celebrate and acknowledge the contributions of a diverse spectrum of individuals instead of elevating a privileged few. Furthermore, analyzing how these figures have been revered or condemned can bring to light how societies shape their historical accounts and how those accounts can reveal prejudices and power struggles.
Let us examine the discourse surrounding the Confederacy relics that dot the United States landscape. These towering statues were erected in the early twentieth century as part of a grander scheme to promote the "Lost Cause" narrative of the Civil War, which enshrined the Confederacy as a virtuous and valiant cause than a defense of enslavement and white supremacy.
Some among us maintain that these memorials should be eradicated, for they propagate a twisted and erroneous version of the past. While others insist that they be preserved, for they are part and parcel of our national legacy, notwithstanding their contentiousness. If we delve deep into the debate and how we remember those who came before us, we can see how the prevailing winds of society and politics influence our view of the past. By doing so, we can learn to build a more inclusive and truthful history that respects the voices of those on the fringes and gives credit to the many different people who have helped shape our world.
Look, let's not kid ourselves. History's full of people we like to put on pedestals to worship as idols. But let me tell you, as a guy who's traveled the world and seen some things; there's always more to the story. These historical figures might have done some good but need to be revised. Like, big time. And we need to be honest about that. Because if we're not, we're just perpetuating many lies and myths. It's not about tearing people down, though. No, it's about understanding them better. It's about recognizing the full spectrum of their humanity, the good and the bad. Only then can we create a more accurate picture of history that includes everyone's contributions. So let's dig deep, be honest, and keep learning because that's how we progress and build a better future.
Next time you see a statue of Nero, remember he ALSO pooped. But the unfortunate truth is these enshrined leaders also did terrible things to others. And it seems that we as humans remove any sort of onus or responsibility for horrific actions made by men in bronzed statues. We must tear down statues (metaphorically of course, please don't catch a charge on my account). Remember that fallible people are in charge always, and just because you are on a pedestal, you should not be removed from the court of opinion. This goes for every person in a position of power, regardless if they are marbleized or not. It makes me sick to my stomach to see or read all the people who venerate politicians, mostly if they ignore all the war crimes and human rights that have been violated in the state's name. It makes you wonder: does everyone or no one deserve a statue?
In the words of Shelly from his epic poem, Ozymandias: "Look on my works ye mighty, and despair."
THE RUNDOWN
- Some historians have mixed feelings about statues because they can cause conflicts within themselves.
- Some statues shouldn't exist because they ignore that people are imperfect and do ordinary things.
- Honoring historical figures can sometimes hide their mistakes and weaknesses, leading to a distorted view of the past that doesn't capture the complexities of human behavior.
- History isn't just about one person but everyone who contributes to it.
- Honoring historical figures can inspire us and show us the way forward. Still, we must be respectful and humble, recognizing their achievements while realizing our potential for greatness.
- Respecting those who came before us is vital in creating our national identity and purpose, but we must be careful not to idolize them too much.
STATE OF THE UNION
HIGHLIGHTS
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We've got some fine classroom lectures coming your way, all courtesy of the RPTM podcast. These lectures will take you on a wild ride through history, exploring everything from ancient civilizations and epic battles to scientific breakthroughs and artistic revolutions. The podcast will guide you through each lecture with its no-nonsense, straight-talking style, using various sources to give you the lowdown on each topic. You won't find any fancy-pants jargon or convoluted theories here, just plain and straightforward explanations anyone can understand. So sit back and prepare to soak up some knowledge.
LECTURES
LECTURES
- COMING SOON
READING
Carnes, Chapter 27: War and Peace: 1941-1945
Mark C. Carnes and John A. Garraty are respected historians who have made notable contributions to American history. Carnes specializes in American education and culture, focusing on the role of secret societies in shaping American culture in the 19th century. Garraty is known for his general surveys of American history, his biographies of American historical figures and studies of specific aspects of American history, and his clear and accessible writing.
Carnes, Chapter 27: War and Peace: 1941-1945
Mark C. Carnes and John A. Garraty are respected historians who have made notable contributions to American history. Carnes specializes in American education and culture, focusing on the role of secret societies in shaping American culture in the 19th century. Garraty is known for his general surveys of American history, his biographies of American historical figures and studies of specific aspects of American history, and his clear and accessible writing.
Howard Zinn was a historian, writer, and political activist known for his critical analysis of American history. He is particularly well-known for his counter-narrative to traditional American history accounts and highlights marginalized groups' experiences and perspectives. Zinn's work is often associated with social history and is known for his Marxist and socialist views. Larry Schweikart is also a historian, but his work and perspective are often considered more conservative. Schweikart's work is often associated with military history, and he is known for his support of free-market economics and limited government. Overall, Zinn and Schweikart have different perspectives on various historical issues and events and may interpret historical events and phenomena differently. Occasionally, we will also look at Thaddeus Russell, a historian, author, and academic. Russell has written extensively on the history of social and cultural change, and his work focuses on how marginalized and oppressed groups have challenged and transformed mainstream culture. Russell is known for his unconventional and controversial ideas, and his work has been praised for its originality and provocative nature.
My classes utilize both Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States and Larry Schweikart's Patriot's History of the United States, mostly in excerpts posted to the modules. You can access the full text of People's History or Patriot's History by clicking on the links.
My classes utilize both Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States and Larry Schweikart's Patriot's History of the United States, mostly in excerpts posted to the modules. You can access the full text of People's History or Patriot's History by clicking on the links.
Zinn, A People's History of the United States
"... From 1964 to 1972, the wealthiest and most powerful nation in the history of the world made a maximum military effort, with everything short of atomic bombs, to defeat a nationalist revolutionary movement in a tiny, peasant country-and failed. When the United States fought in Vietnam, it was organized modern technology versus organized human beings, and
the human beings won.
In the course of that war, there developed in the United States the greatest antiwar movement the nation had ever experienced, a movement that played a critical part in bringing the war to an end.
It was another startling fact of the sixties.
In the fall of 1945 Japan, defeated, was forced to leave Indochina, the former French colony it had occupied at the start of the war. In the meantime, a revolutionary movement had grown there, determined to end colonial control and to achieve a new life for the peasants of Indochina. Led by a Communist named Ho Chi Minh, the revolutionists fought against the Japanese, and when they were gone held a spectacular celebration in Hanoi in late 1945, with a million people in the streets, and issued a Declaration of Independence. It borrowed from the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, in the French Revolution, and from the American Declaration of Independence, and began: "All men are created equal. They are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." Just as the Americans in 1776 had listed their grievances against the English King, the Vietnamese listed their complaints against French rule:
They have enforced inhuman laws.... They have built more prisons than schools. They have mercilessly slain our patriots, they have drowned uprisings in rivers of blood. They have fettered public opinion.... They have robbed us of our rice fields, our mines, our forests, and our raw materials... .
They have invented numerous unjustifiable taxes and reduced our people, especially our peasantry, to a state of extreme poverty. ...
.. . from the end of last year, to the beginning of this year . . . more than two million of our fellow-citizens died of starvation. .. .
The whole Vietnamese people, animated by a common purpose, are determined to fight to the bitter end against any attempt by the French colonialists to reconquer their country..."
"... From 1964 to 1972, the wealthiest and most powerful nation in the history of the world made a maximum military effort, with everything short of atomic bombs, to defeat a nationalist revolutionary movement in a tiny, peasant country-and failed. When the United States fought in Vietnam, it was organized modern technology versus organized human beings, and
the human beings won.
In the course of that war, there developed in the United States the greatest antiwar movement the nation had ever experienced, a movement that played a critical part in bringing the war to an end.
It was another startling fact of the sixties.
In the fall of 1945 Japan, defeated, was forced to leave Indochina, the former French colony it had occupied at the start of the war. In the meantime, a revolutionary movement had grown there, determined to end colonial control and to achieve a new life for the peasants of Indochina. Led by a Communist named Ho Chi Minh, the revolutionists fought against the Japanese, and when they were gone held a spectacular celebration in Hanoi in late 1945, with a million people in the streets, and issued a Declaration of Independence. It borrowed from the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, in the French Revolution, and from the American Declaration of Independence, and began: "All men are created equal. They are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." Just as the Americans in 1776 had listed their grievances against the English King, the Vietnamese listed their complaints against French rule:
They have enforced inhuman laws.... They have built more prisons than schools. They have mercilessly slain our patriots, they have drowned uprisings in rivers of blood. They have fettered public opinion.... They have robbed us of our rice fields, our mines, our forests, and our raw materials... .
They have invented numerous unjustifiable taxes and reduced our people, especially our peasantry, to a state of extreme poverty. ...
.. . from the end of last year, to the beginning of this year . . . more than two million of our fellow-citizens died of starvation. .. .
The whole Vietnamese people, animated by a common purpose, are determined to fight to the bitter end against any attempt by the French colonialists to reconquer their country..."
Larry Schweikart, A Patriot's History of the United States
"... No president did more to ensure the quagmire of Vietnam than John Kennedy. Fully briefed by Eisenhower even before the election of 1960, JFK had been informed that the Joint Chiefs of Staff had already estimated that 40,000 American soldiers would be needed to combat the estimated 17,000 Viet Cong rebels. If the North Vietnamese got involved, the Joint Chiefs warned, it would take three times that many men. Kennedy was the first to order U.S. military troops into Vietnam— not merely CIA advisers—when he secretly dispatched 500 Green Berets (a new unit of highly trained counterinsurgency soldiers that Kennedy also had formed) into Southeast Asia. He also escalated the buildup of American forces faster than any other president, so that by 1963 almost 17,000 U.S. military forces were stationed in South Vietnam, augmented by American helicopters and countless naval units not included in the official commitment levels. At his final press conference, Kennedy said, “For us to withdraw…would mean a collapse not only of South Vietnam but Southeast Asia…. So we are going to stay there.” All his principal military advisers favored not only remaining, but also increasing the U.S. commitment. Only the Kennedy image machine spun the notion that Vietnam “wasn’t Jack’s fault.”
The commitment to Vietnam involved more than military forces. Kennedy and his advisers had come to the conclusion that they could not effectively control South Vietnamese Premier Diem, who had received sharp Western press criticism for persecuting Buddhists. Far from being the “Jefferson of Asia,” Diem had engaged in a number of distasteful practices. The extent of Diem’s anti-Buddhist policies remains in dispute, but little doubt exists that he oppressed Buddhist leaders.
Kennedy worried less about the actual oppression and more about the public relations image. By 1963 he was looking for an opportunity to replace Diem with someone more tolerant and malleable, so the United States quietly began searching for South Vietnamese generals who would perform a coup..."
"... No president did more to ensure the quagmire of Vietnam than John Kennedy. Fully briefed by Eisenhower even before the election of 1960, JFK had been informed that the Joint Chiefs of Staff had already estimated that 40,000 American soldiers would be needed to combat the estimated 17,000 Viet Cong rebels. If the North Vietnamese got involved, the Joint Chiefs warned, it would take three times that many men. Kennedy was the first to order U.S. military troops into Vietnam— not merely CIA advisers—when he secretly dispatched 500 Green Berets (a new unit of highly trained counterinsurgency soldiers that Kennedy also had formed) into Southeast Asia. He also escalated the buildup of American forces faster than any other president, so that by 1963 almost 17,000 U.S. military forces were stationed in South Vietnam, augmented by American helicopters and countless naval units not included in the official commitment levels. At his final press conference, Kennedy said, “For us to withdraw…would mean a collapse not only of South Vietnam but Southeast Asia…. So we are going to stay there.” All his principal military advisers favored not only remaining, but also increasing the U.S. commitment. Only the Kennedy image machine spun the notion that Vietnam “wasn’t Jack’s fault.”
The commitment to Vietnam involved more than military forces. Kennedy and his advisers had come to the conclusion that they could not effectively control South Vietnamese Premier Diem, who had received sharp Western press criticism for persecuting Buddhists. Far from being the “Jefferson of Asia,” Diem had engaged in a number of distasteful practices. The extent of Diem’s anti-Buddhist policies remains in dispute, but little doubt exists that he oppressed Buddhist leaders.
Kennedy worried less about the actual oppression and more about the public relations image. By 1963 he was looking for an opportunity to replace Diem with someone more tolerant and malleable, so the United States quietly began searching for South Vietnamese generals who would perform a coup..."
Thaddeus Russell, A Renegade History of the United States
"... Draft evasion as well as insubordination against commanding officers in the military remained far greater among African Americans than among whites from the two world wars through the Korean and Vietnam wars. During World War I, the only black combat division in the American Expeditionary Force frequently ran away during battles, resulting in the removal of the entire division from the front. There is also substantial anecdotal evidence that during both world wars, large numbers of black men feigned illness or insanity to evade the draft. We have seen that during World War II, black men were more likely than whites to evade the draft. Similarly, historian Gerald Gill has found that draft law delinquency during the Korean War was extraordinarily high in black urban neighborhoods. In the early months of the war, it was estimated that 30 percent of eligible men in Harlem were delinquent in registering. At the national level, approximately 20 percent of those arrested for violating the Selective Service Act from 1951 through 1953 were African American. Black resistance to patriotic obligation peaked during the Vietnam War, when African Americans made up fully one-half of the eligible men who failed to register for the draft..."
What Does Professor Lancaster Think?
Amidst the sweltering jungles of Indochina, a fierce battle raged between a tenacious nationalist revolutionary movement led by the iron-willed Communist Ho Chi Minh and the mighty United States military, which spared no expense in its efforts to defeat the campaign but ultimately failed. Drawing inspiration from the French and American Declarations of Independence, the revolutionists issued their own bold Declaration, cataloging their grievances against French rule, which included harsh, inhumane laws, dire poverty, and rampant starvation.
The intrepid President John Kennedy first called upon the troops of the United States military to intervene in Vietnam, relentlessly escalating the buildup of American forces with a zeal bordering on fanatical. Yet Kennedy's commitment to Vietnam transcended mere military matters, as he sought to replace the South Vietnamese Premier Diem with a more docile and adaptable figure.
However, the Vietnam War was not just a battle between nations but also a profoundly divisive conflict within the United States. The war saw the emergence of a violent antiwar movement, the likes of which had never been seen before in the country's history. African Americans, in particular, evaded the draft and disobeyed orders in far greater numbers than their white counterparts, lending an unmistakable racial dimension to the conflict.
The Vietnam War was a double-edged sword, my friends. On the one hand, it pushed the U.S. military to make some much-needed changes, like beefing up training and improving communication between soldiers and their brass. And let's not forget how it helped sound the death knell for the draft, as folks took to the streets protesting mandatory conscription. But on the flip side, this war came at a tremendous cost, with the lives of tens of thousands of Americans lost in the fray. And the divisions it created within our society ran deep, more profound than a trench in the godforsaken jungle. It's a story of highs and lows, triumphs and tragedies. And it's a story that we must keep telling, lest we forget the lessons we learned the hard way.
One positive outcome that can be attributed to the Vietnam War is the realization that military reforms were desperately needed. The early struggles of the U.S. military in Vietnam served as a wake-up call for leaders who recognized the need for comprehensive training and improved communication between soldiers and their commanders. In response, the Army established its Airborne School, and the Marines instituted the Combined Arms Exercise program, which aimed to enhance the effectiveness of American troops in combat. It's important to note that implementing these reforms came with opposition. Still, their eventual success provides a shining example of how war can lead to positive change within a military institution.
As much as the Vietnam War was about fighting for freedom and democracy, it also sparked some bitter division in American society. Some folks were not too keen on the war and protested against it. Sometimes things got pretty heated, with the police getting involved and even some violence breaking out. But that wasn't the only issue. African Americans were drafted and sent to fight in more significant numbers than their white counterparts. This created a severe disparity that helped fuel the more significant civil rights movement. Many African Americans were fed up with institutionalized racism and inequality, and the Vietnam War fueled the fire.
We must study the Vietnam War to this day, for it was a turning point in the history of the good ol' U.S. of A. The war left an indelible mark on our foreign policy, making us think twice about military interventions and favoring diplomacy instead. And let's not forget about the power of public opinion - the antiwar movement shook things up and fundamentally changed our political landscape. The Vietnam War taught us much about the hazards of overextending ourselves militarily and the importance of careful, calculated responses to global conflicts. We would be wise to remember these lessons for years to come.
THE RUNDOWN
QUESTIONS
"... Draft evasion as well as insubordination against commanding officers in the military remained far greater among African Americans than among whites from the two world wars through the Korean and Vietnam wars. During World War I, the only black combat division in the American Expeditionary Force frequently ran away during battles, resulting in the removal of the entire division from the front. There is also substantial anecdotal evidence that during both world wars, large numbers of black men feigned illness or insanity to evade the draft. We have seen that during World War II, black men were more likely than whites to evade the draft. Similarly, historian Gerald Gill has found that draft law delinquency during the Korean War was extraordinarily high in black urban neighborhoods. In the early months of the war, it was estimated that 30 percent of eligible men in Harlem were delinquent in registering. At the national level, approximately 20 percent of those arrested for violating the Selective Service Act from 1951 through 1953 were African American. Black resistance to patriotic obligation peaked during the Vietnam War, when African Americans made up fully one-half of the eligible men who failed to register for the draft..."
What Does Professor Lancaster Think?
Amidst the sweltering jungles of Indochina, a fierce battle raged between a tenacious nationalist revolutionary movement led by the iron-willed Communist Ho Chi Minh and the mighty United States military, which spared no expense in its efforts to defeat the campaign but ultimately failed. Drawing inspiration from the French and American Declarations of Independence, the revolutionists issued their own bold Declaration, cataloging their grievances against French rule, which included harsh, inhumane laws, dire poverty, and rampant starvation.
The intrepid President John Kennedy first called upon the troops of the United States military to intervene in Vietnam, relentlessly escalating the buildup of American forces with a zeal bordering on fanatical. Yet Kennedy's commitment to Vietnam transcended mere military matters, as he sought to replace the South Vietnamese Premier Diem with a more docile and adaptable figure.
However, the Vietnam War was not just a battle between nations but also a profoundly divisive conflict within the United States. The war saw the emergence of a violent antiwar movement, the likes of which had never been seen before in the country's history. African Americans, in particular, evaded the draft and disobeyed orders in far greater numbers than their white counterparts, lending an unmistakable racial dimension to the conflict.
The Vietnam War was a double-edged sword, my friends. On the one hand, it pushed the U.S. military to make some much-needed changes, like beefing up training and improving communication between soldiers and their brass. And let's not forget how it helped sound the death knell for the draft, as folks took to the streets protesting mandatory conscription. But on the flip side, this war came at a tremendous cost, with the lives of tens of thousands of Americans lost in the fray. And the divisions it created within our society ran deep, more profound than a trench in the godforsaken jungle. It's a story of highs and lows, triumphs and tragedies. And it's a story that we must keep telling, lest we forget the lessons we learned the hard way.
One positive outcome that can be attributed to the Vietnam War is the realization that military reforms were desperately needed. The early struggles of the U.S. military in Vietnam served as a wake-up call for leaders who recognized the need for comprehensive training and improved communication between soldiers and their commanders. In response, the Army established its Airborne School, and the Marines instituted the Combined Arms Exercise program, which aimed to enhance the effectiveness of American troops in combat. It's important to note that implementing these reforms came with opposition. Still, their eventual success provides a shining example of how war can lead to positive change within a military institution.
As much as the Vietnam War was about fighting for freedom and democracy, it also sparked some bitter division in American society. Some folks were not too keen on the war and protested against it. Sometimes things got pretty heated, with the police getting involved and even some violence breaking out. But that wasn't the only issue. African Americans were drafted and sent to fight in more significant numbers than their white counterparts. This created a severe disparity that helped fuel the more significant civil rights movement. Many African Americans were fed up with institutionalized racism and inequality, and the Vietnam War fueled the fire.
We must study the Vietnam War to this day, for it was a turning point in the history of the good ol' U.S. of A. The war left an indelible mark on our foreign policy, making us think twice about military interventions and favoring diplomacy instead. And let's not forget about the power of public opinion - the antiwar movement shook things up and fundamentally changed our political landscape. The Vietnam War taught us much about the hazards of overextending ourselves militarily and the importance of careful, calculated responses to global conflicts. We would be wise to remember these lessons for years to come.
THE RUNDOWN
- A fierce battle took place in Indochina between a nationalist revolutionary movement led by Ho Chi Minh and the United States military.
- The revolutionists issued their Declaration of Independence against French rule, citing harsh laws, poverty, and starvation.
- President John Kennedy escalated American forces in Vietnam and sought to replace the South Vietnamese Premier.
- The Vietnam War was a divisive conflict within the United States, with a violent anti-war movement and African Americans facing a racial dimension in the draft.
- The Vietnam War led to much-needed military reforms, such as improved training and communication.
- The war sparked bitter division in American society, with protests and civil rights movements.
- The Vietnam War taught the importance of diplomacy over military intervention and the power of public opinion in shaping political landscapes.
- It's essential to study the Vietnam War to learn from its lessons and avoid repeating past mistakes.
QUESTIONS
- What role did propaganda and media coverage play in shaping public opinion about the Vietnam War, and how did this impact the conflict's outcomes?
- What were the most significant human costs of the Vietnam War, and how did they impact American society and the broader international community?
- What can we learn from the Vietnam War about the importance of remembering the lessons of history and applying them to contemporary challenges and conflicts?
THE RUNDOWN
In this visual tome, we witness a glimpse of American university history through the eyes of a woman named Judith Carp, who was unjustly expelled after being violated. We also see old films about college life and the mentality toward higher education in the 50s and 60s. The tale showcases how American universities have evolved to become more liberal and progressive, particularly during the 60s.
We also hear voices discussing the 60s, highlighting the importance of music in expressing emotions and unconventional ideas during this period of student activism and civil rights movements. The black student sit-ins of 1960 are mentioned as a model for white student activism later in the decade. The speakers share their personal experiences of taking risks and making a difference during this time, which changed their outlook on life and gave them hope for the future.
There is also talk of protection, not in the sense of violence, but in a non-violent context. The speaker suggests a method to shield both parties from harm using their bodies. The narrative also touches on the civil rights movement and the Kennedy administration's failure to take concrete action to prevent violence against civil rights workers. Kennedy's more significant concern with communism and the threat of nuclear war is also mentioned.
KEY TERMS
- 1956: The Chinese Confession Program
- 1957 Central High School Integrated
- 1958 Loving v. Virginia
- 1959 “The Day the Music Died”
- 1960: The Pill
- 1960 Contemporary Folk Music
- 1960 The first-ever televised presidential debates
- 1960- Fashion
- 1960 methamphetamine
- 1961 NDAA
- 1961 Bay of Pigs
- 1961: FCC approves FM stereo broadcasting, which spurs FM development.
- 1962 Space Wars!
- 1962 Operation Northwoods
- 1962 Illinois repeals its sodomy laws
- 1963 JFK's assassination
- 1963 The Vietnam War
- 1963: Equal Pay Act
- 1964 Buffalo Wings
- 1964 Daisy Girl
- 1964 The Beatles on “The Ed Sullivan Show”
DISCLAIMER: Welcome scholars to the wild and wacky world of history class. This isn't your granddaddy's boring ol' lecture, baby. We will take a trip through time, which will be one wild ride. I know some of you are in a brick-and-mortar setting, while others are in the vast digital wasteland. But fear not; we're all in this together. Online students might miss out on some in-person interaction, but you can still join in on the fun. This little shindig aims to get you all engaged with the course material and understand how past societies have shaped the world we know today. We'll talk about revolutions, wars, and other crazy stuff. So get ready, kids, because it's going to be one heck of a trip. And for all, you online students out there, don't be shy. Please share your thoughts and ideas with the rest of us. The Professor will do his best to give everyone an equal opportunity to learn, so don't hold back. So, let's do this thing!
Activity: Exploring the Civil Rights Movement in the US, 1956-1964"
Objective:
This activity is designed to help students understand and analyze the key events, people, and ideas that shaped the Civil Rights Movement in the US from 1956 to 1964. By engaging in interactive discussions and group work, students will gain a deeper understanding of the social, cultural, and political changes that occurred during this transformative period in American history.
Instructions:
Activity: "Exploring the Space Race"
Objective: To explore the significance of the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War era.
Instructions:
SUMMARY
ASSIGNMENTS
Forum Discussion #10
"Duck and Cover" is a short film produced in 1951 by the US federal government that aimed to educate and prepare the public for a potential nuclear attack during the Cold War. The film featured a cartoon turtle named Bert, who teaches children to take cover under their desks or against walls to protect themselves from the blast and debris. The film also included a catchy jingle that aimed to reassure and calm the public in the event of a nuclear attack. Watch this short video on fascism and answer the following questions:
Activity: Exploring the Civil Rights Movement in the US, 1956-1964"
Objective:
This activity is designed to help students understand and analyze the key events, people, and ideas that shaped the Civil Rights Movement in the US from 1956 to 1964. By engaging in interactive discussions and group work, students will gain a deeper understanding of the social, cultural, and political changes that occurred during this transformative period in American history.
Instructions:
- Divide the class into small groups of 3-4 students.
- Assign each group a specific topic related to the Civil Rights Movement, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the Little Rock Nine, the March on Washington, or the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Each group will be responsible for researching and presenting on their assigned topic.
- Provide each group with a set of primary sources related to their topic. Instruct them to analyze and discuss the sources as a group, looking for common themes, perspectives, and historical context. They should also take notes on important details and key ideas from the sources.
- After the groups have had time to discuss and analyze their primary sources, bring the class together for a larger discussion. Ask each group to share their findings with the class, summarizing the key ideas and themes they identified in their sources. Encourage other students to ask questions and provide feedback.
- As a class, discuss the broader historical context and significance of the Civil Rights Movement in the US during this period. What were some of the key challenges and obstacles faced by the movement, and how did activists and leaders overcome them? What were some of the key achievements and lasting legacies of the Civil Rights Movement in the US?
- To wrap up the activity, distribute index cards or small slips of paper to each student. Ask them to write down one thing they learned or found interesting during the activity. Collect the cards and randomly select a few to read out loud to the class. As a final step, distribute sticky notes or colored dots to each student and ask them to place them on the whiteboard or blackboard next to the topics or ideas that they found most important or impactful during the activity. This will help reinforce key takeaways from the discussion and encourage reflection.
Activity: "Exploring the Space Race"
Objective: To explore the significance of the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War era.
Instructions:
- Divide the students into small groups of 3-4.
- Provide each group with a set of newspaper articles, photographs, and videos related to the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the period of 1956 CE to 1964 CE.
- Ask the groups to review the materials and take notes on the following questions:
- What was the Space Race?
- What were the major milestones and achievements of the Space Race during this time period?
- What were the political, economic, and social impacts of the Space Race?
- What were the controversies and criticisms surrounding the Space Race?
- After 20-30 minutes, ask each group to share their findings with the class. Write their answers on the whiteboard or chalkboard.
- Facilitate a class discussion on the following topics:
- What were the motivations behind the Space Race?
- How did the Space Race shape the Cold War era and US-Soviet relations?
- What impact did the Space Race have on US society, technology, and education?
- How did the Space Race reflect the cultural values and ideologies of the United States during this time period?
- Ask the students to write a short reflection on what they learned about the Space Race and its significance to US history between 1956 CE - 1964 CE.
SUMMARY
- 1956-1964 era in US history was significant
- Civil Rights Movement aimed to end racial segregation and discrimination
- Space Race brought remarkable achievements in understanding the cosmos
- Vietnam War and Cold War were negative aspects, causing global strife and division
- Era brought social and political turmoil, technological advancements, and global strife
- Historians are frustrated by the idea of statues as they can blur the lines of fact and reality
- Venerating historical figures can mask their faults and fail to grasp the intricacies of human conduct
- Revering those who came before us is crucial for forging a shared identity, but we must avoid hero worship
- Vietnam War was a divisive conflict that taught the importance of diplomacy and public opinion in shaping politics
- Studying the Vietnam War's lessons is crucial to avoid repeating past mistakes.
ASSIGNMENTS
- Forum Discussion #10
- QUIZ #3
Forum Discussion #10
"Duck and Cover" is a short film produced in 1951 by the US federal government that aimed to educate and prepare the public for a potential nuclear attack during the Cold War. The film featured a cartoon turtle named Bert, who teaches children to take cover under their desks or against walls to protect themselves from the blast and debris. The film also included a catchy jingle that aimed to reassure and calm the public in the event of a nuclear attack. Watch this short video on fascism and answer the following questions:
What impact do you think the short film "Duck and Cover" had on the public's perception of the threat of a nuclear attack during the Cold War, and do you believe it was an effective means of preparing the public for such a catastrophic event?
Your initial post should be no less than two paragraphs with at least two sources. You must have your discussion question posted by Sunday by 11:59 pm. Remember, you will be required to respond to two of your peers with a thoughtful question/rebuttal before 11:59 pm.
Need help? Remember the Discussion Board Rubric.
THE RUNDOWN
Let me take you back to the early 50s when America was gripped with fear and paranoia when mentioning the word 'nuclear' was enough to send shivers down your spine. And that's where we find ourselves today, talking about a short film that captures the essence of that time - "Duck and Cover." This nine-minute gem, produced by the Federal Civil Defense Administration, is a blend of live-action and animated footage designed to prepare the public for the worst - a potential nuclear attack. But fear not, Bert, the cartoon turtle, is here to save the day. Bert takes it upon himself to teach children what to do in case of an attack, and boy, does he do it with style.
He tells kids that if they see a bright flash or hear a loud noise, they should duck under their desks or get up against a wall and cover their heads and necks with their arms. It's a simple enough message, but one that could save lives. And if that wasn't enough to excite you, the film also features some live-action footage of children taking cover under their desks and against walls during a practice drill. It's like a surreal dance party, except instead of music, there's the threat of nuclear annihilation.
But wait, there's more. The film also boasts a catchy jingle that encourages viewers to "Duck and Cover" in the event of an attack. The tune gets stuck in your head for days, and you won't even mind it. Now, I know what you're thinking - this film is outdated, irrelevant, and has no place in today's world. But let me tell you; it's a window into the mindset of Americans during a tense and uncertain period in our history. It was a time when we were all just one button press away from destruction, and "Duck and Cover" was the government's way of easing our fears and encouraging preparedness.
WORK CITED
Hey, welcome to the work cited section! Here's where you'll find all the heavy hitters that inspired the content you've just consumed. Some might think citations are as dull as unbuttered toast, but nothing gets my intellectual juices flowing like a good reference list. Don't get me wrong, just because we've cited a source; doesn't mean we're always going to see eye-to-eye. But that's the beauty of it - it's up to you to chew on the material and come to conclusions. Listen, we've gone to great lengths to ensure these citations are accurate, but let's face it, we're all human. So, give us a holler if you notice any mistakes or suggest more sources. We're always looking to up our game. Ultimately, it's all about pursuing knowledge and truth, my friends.
LEGAL MUMBO JUMBO
Your initial post should be no less than two paragraphs with at least two sources. You must have your discussion question posted by Sunday by 11:59 pm. Remember, you will be required to respond to two of your peers with a thoughtful question/rebuttal before 11:59 pm.
Need help? Remember the Discussion Board Rubric.
THE RUNDOWN
Let me take you back to the early 50s when America was gripped with fear and paranoia when mentioning the word 'nuclear' was enough to send shivers down your spine. And that's where we find ourselves today, talking about a short film that captures the essence of that time - "Duck and Cover." This nine-minute gem, produced by the Federal Civil Defense Administration, is a blend of live-action and animated footage designed to prepare the public for the worst - a potential nuclear attack. But fear not, Bert, the cartoon turtle, is here to save the day. Bert takes it upon himself to teach children what to do in case of an attack, and boy, does he do it with style.
He tells kids that if they see a bright flash or hear a loud noise, they should duck under their desks or get up against a wall and cover their heads and necks with their arms. It's a simple enough message, but one that could save lives. And if that wasn't enough to excite you, the film also features some live-action footage of children taking cover under their desks and against walls during a practice drill. It's like a surreal dance party, except instead of music, there's the threat of nuclear annihilation.
But wait, there's more. The film also boasts a catchy jingle that encourages viewers to "Duck and Cover" in the event of an attack. The tune gets stuck in your head for days, and you won't even mind it. Now, I know what you're thinking - this film is outdated, irrelevant, and has no place in today's world. But let me tell you; it's a window into the mindset of Americans during a tense and uncertain period in our history. It was a time when we were all just one button press away from destruction, and "Duck and Cover" was the government's way of easing our fears and encouraging preparedness.
WORK CITED
Hey, welcome to the work cited section! Here's where you'll find all the heavy hitters that inspired the content you've just consumed. Some might think citations are as dull as unbuttered toast, but nothing gets my intellectual juices flowing like a good reference list. Don't get me wrong, just because we've cited a source; doesn't mean we're always going to see eye-to-eye. But that's the beauty of it - it's up to you to chew on the material and come to conclusions. Listen, we've gone to great lengths to ensure these citations are accurate, but let's face it, we're all human. So, give us a holler if you notice any mistakes or suggest more sources. We're always looking to up our game. Ultimately, it's all about pursuing knowledge and truth, my friends.
- "The Civil Rights Movement." History.com, A&E Television Networks, 17 June 2019, https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement.
- "The Space Race." History.com, A&E Television Networks, 4 Nov. 2020, https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/space-race.
- "The Vietnam War." History.com, A&E Television Networks, 19 Nov. 2020, https://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war.
- "The Cold War." History.com, A&E Television Networks, 5 Nov. 2020, https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war.
- Branch, Taylor. "The Civil Rights Era (1954-1973)." The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute, Stanford University, https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/civil-rights-era-1954-1973.
- Logsdon, John M. "The Cold War and the Race for Space." NASA, 2 May 2011, https://www.nasa.gov/topics/history/features/coldwar.html.
- "Why we need to stop venerating historical figures." The Guardian, June 17, 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/17/venerating-historical-figures-history-slavery-racism.
- "The Problem with Hero Worship in History." History Extra, August 28, 2020. https://www.historyextra.com/period/20th-century/problem-hero-worship-history-podcast/.
- "The Meaning and Use of Monuments in America." National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/national_cemeteries/meaning_use_monuments_America.html.
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- "The Myth of Christopher Columbus." History Today, October 2017. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/myth-christopher-columbus.
- "The Many Women of the Civil Rights Movement." Smithsonian Magazine, February 2018. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/many-women-civil-rights-movement-180967532/.
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