HST 150 Module #9
From Cave Paintings to Selfies
Culture, a vital world history component, stretches beyond mere language, customs, and art forms. It is a cornerstone upon which entire civilizations are erected and upheld. Culture has played a significant role in molding history by shaping individuals' and societies' beliefs, values, and behavior. Let us delve into the complexities of culture and examine its positive and negative impacts on world history, with dates that serve as a guidepost for the curious reader. For instance, we can observe how ancient Greek culture, with its emphasis on philosophy, drama, and art, contributed to the development of western civilization. Conversely, the rigid social structure of feudal Japan perpetuated a system of oppression that spanned centuries.
But why is it important to study culture even today? Put, cultural knowledge allows us to gain a better understanding of our shared past and how it influences the present. By recognizing the contributions of diverse cultures, we can cultivate greater empathy and appreciation for those who came before us and those who live alongside us in this ever-changing world. Culture has been a critical player in diversity since way back when. Each culture brings its unique flavor to the melting pot of humanity. Take the African culture, for instance. Their groovy beats and fancy footwork have influenced musical styles around the globe, making folks tap their toes and shimmy their hips. They say that variety is the spice of life, and culture brings plenty of it to the table.
Culture, my friends, is the glue that binds communities together. Across time and space, shared beliefs, customs, and traditions have brought people closer and amplified their sense of togetherness. Take the ancient Greeks, for example. Their common language, religion, and cultural practices were the bedrock of their success as a civilization. It's the stuff of legends. The power of culture to unite and inspire is a force to be reckoned with. In the grand scheme, culture serves as a time capsule for preserving the past. The relics, writings, and various cultural knick-knacks that have survived the ages provide us with a rare glimpse into the lives and experiences of those who came before us. Take the ancient Egyptians, for instance: Their culture bequeathed a veritable treasure trove of artifacts, from towering pyramids to cryptic hieroglyphics to meticulously preserved mummies. Through these relics, we can catch a tantalizing glimpse of their long-lost way of life.
Culture, my dear friends, has long been wielded as a weapon in the fight for supremacy and domination. Take, for example, the caste system in India - a vile construct founded on cultural dogma, perpetuating gross social and economic inequality. Their birth and family determine the notion that one's worth, their so-called "divine" status, is an affront to humanity. It is a travesty that such a system has been allowed to persist for so long, a blight upon the soul of India.
Oh no, my friends, this is a pattern that can be found throughout history and across the globe. But let us not fool ourselves into thinking this is a unique case. Culture has been used as an excuse for oppression, a justification for discrimination, and a shield for the powerful to maintain their grip on power. We must be vigilant and wary of those who seek to use culture as a weapon. We must challenge the status quo, fight for equality and justice, and never allow our differences to be used against us.
Cultural clashes caused many conflicts throughout history. When diverse cultures meet, they often collide over beliefs, values, and traditions. The Crusades, for instance, were religious wars that emerged from dissimilarities in culture and faith. In the windswept annals of history, tales abound of cultures that, like stone statues, were too rigid to move with the times. When a culture resists change, stagnation looms like a mighty storm, threatening to engulf all progress and innovation.
Take, for example, the solid Chinese culture during the age of the Ming dynasty. Their ways were steeped in conservatism, unyielding to the winds of change blowing in from foreign shores. Their interactions with the world beyond their borders were limited, and their economic growth was thus stifled, like a sapling struggling to break through rocky soil. Ah, but woe betides the culture that falls prey to the siren song of complacency, for it is then that progress begins to wither like a flower bereft of sunlight. For all its glory, the Ming dynasty's culture became a prison of tradition, a tomb of innovation, and a stifler of progress. Mayhap, we should learn from their example and strive to embrace change, lest we too be trapped in the sands of time.
In our pursuit to comprehend the multifaceted nature of our world, there is no denying the vital role culture plays. Through the study of culture, we unravel the intricate workings of societies and their constant evolution over time. Culture serves as a lens through which we can analyze the complex interplay of social, political, and economic forces that shape our world. Delving into the cultural fabric of a community reveals more than just its traditions and values. It unravels the underlying power structures and the struggle for dominance within society.
Therefore, to truly grasp the intricate tapestry of our existence, we must embrace the study of culture with open arms. Only then can we hope to unravel the mysterious workings of our societies and strive toward a more equitable future? Do you know what's groovy? Digging deep into different cultures can help us get hip to their vibes and grooves. That knowledge can open our minds and hearts, making us more tolerant and empathetic to cultural differences. It's a far-out way to appreciate the diversity of our world.
As I sit here sipping on a cold beer, I can't help but think about the importance of studying culture. It's a window into the soul of society - their triumphs, struggles, and very existence. Through culture, we can travel back in time and witness the incredible feats and staggering challenges that our ancestors faced. From the art they created to the food they ate, culture is a roadmap that guides us through the twists and turns of history. It's the stories of the people who came before us and the legacy they left behind. By studying culture, we can better understand the world we live in today and how we got here.
So the next time you sit down for a meal or marvel at a piece of art, remember that you're not just experiencing something beautiful - you're experiencing a part of history. And at that moment, you're connecting with the people who came before us and the incredible stories they must tell. In the current epoch of global interconnectedness, comprehending culture is the key to unlocking effective intercultural exchange. This knowledge is paramount for navigating the dynamic landscape of cross-cultural communication. With it, we avoid losing crucial nuances and succumbing to misunderstandings that could have been avoided.
And so, my friends, we arrive at the heart of the matter: culture. Oh yes, culture, that slippery beast that has wriggled and slithered its way through the annals of world history, leaving its mark on everything from art and music to politics and war. It's a force to be reckoned with, a powerful entity that has united, divided, uplifted, and oppressed us. Let's not mince words here, folks. Culture has been a double-edged sword, cutting both ways with equal ferocity. On the one hand, it has given us diversity, a smorgasbord of different flavors and colors that make life so much richer. It has also brought us together, binding us in a shared heritage that transcends borders and boundaries. And let's remember the role culture has played in preserving our history, giving us a window into the past and helping us understand where we've come from.
But on the other hand, culture has been a source of inequality, a tool the powerful use to subjugate the weak. It has been the spark that ignited countless conflicts, pitting one tribe against another in a struggle for dominance. And worst of all, it has been the anchor that has held us back, preventing us from moving forward and embracing change. Yet despite all of this, we cannot deny the importance of studying culture. We need to dive headfirst into the complexities of this beast if we are to have any hope of understanding the world around us. By learning about different cultures, we can open our minds and expand our horizons, discovering new ways of thinking and living that we never knew existed.
So let us embrace the challenge, my friends. Let us delve into the world of culture with all the reckless abandon of a madman on a motorcycle. Only by doing so can we hope to appreciate the richness and variety of human experience that surrounds us daily.
THE RUNDOWN
QUESTIONS
Sources:
Culture, a vital world history component, stretches beyond mere language, customs, and art forms. It is a cornerstone upon which entire civilizations are erected and upheld. Culture has played a significant role in molding history by shaping individuals' and societies' beliefs, values, and behavior. Let us delve into the complexities of culture and examine its positive and negative impacts on world history, with dates that serve as a guidepost for the curious reader. For instance, we can observe how ancient Greek culture, with its emphasis on philosophy, drama, and art, contributed to the development of western civilization. Conversely, the rigid social structure of feudal Japan perpetuated a system of oppression that spanned centuries.
But why is it important to study culture even today? Put, cultural knowledge allows us to gain a better understanding of our shared past and how it influences the present. By recognizing the contributions of diverse cultures, we can cultivate greater empathy and appreciation for those who came before us and those who live alongside us in this ever-changing world. Culture has been a critical player in diversity since way back when. Each culture brings its unique flavor to the melting pot of humanity. Take the African culture, for instance. Their groovy beats and fancy footwork have influenced musical styles around the globe, making folks tap their toes and shimmy their hips. They say that variety is the spice of life, and culture brings plenty of it to the table.
Culture, my friends, is the glue that binds communities together. Across time and space, shared beliefs, customs, and traditions have brought people closer and amplified their sense of togetherness. Take the ancient Greeks, for example. Their common language, religion, and cultural practices were the bedrock of their success as a civilization. It's the stuff of legends. The power of culture to unite and inspire is a force to be reckoned with. In the grand scheme, culture serves as a time capsule for preserving the past. The relics, writings, and various cultural knick-knacks that have survived the ages provide us with a rare glimpse into the lives and experiences of those who came before us. Take the ancient Egyptians, for instance: Their culture bequeathed a veritable treasure trove of artifacts, from towering pyramids to cryptic hieroglyphics to meticulously preserved mummies. Through these relics, we can catch a tantalizing glimpse of their long-lost way of life.
Culture, my dear friends, has long been wielded as a weapon in the fight for supremacy and domination. Take, for example, the caste system in India - a vile construct founded on cultural dogma, perpetuating gross social and economic inequality. Their birth and family determine the notion that one's worth, their so-called "divine" status, is an affront to humanity. It is a travesty that such a system has been allowed to persist for so long, a blight upon the soul of India.
Oh no, my friends, this is a pattern that can be found throughout history and across the globe. But let us not fool ourselves into thinking this is a unique case. Culture has been used as an excuse for oppression, a justification for discrimination, and a shield for the powerful to maintain their grip on power. We must be vigilant and wary of those who seek to use culture as a weapon. We must challenge the status quo, fight for equality and justice, and never allow our differences to be used against us.
Cultural clashes caused many conflicts throughout history. When diverse cultures meet, they often collide over beliefs, values, and traditions. The Crusades, for instance, were religious wars that emerged from dissimilarities in culture and faith. In the windswept annals of history, tales abound of cultures that, like stone statues, were too rigid to move with the times. When a culture resists change, stagnation looms like a mighty storm, threatening to engulf all progress and innovation.
Take, for example, the solid Chinese culture during the age of the Ming dynasty. Their ways were steeped in conservatism, unyielding to the winds of change blowing in from foreign shores. Their interactions with the world beyond their borders were limited, and their economic growth was thus stifled, like a sapling struggling to break through rocky soil. Ah, but woe betides the culture that falls prey to the siren song of complacency, for it is then that progress begins to wither like a flower bereft of sunlight. For all its glory, the Ming dynasty's culture became a prison of tradition, a tomb of innovation, and a stifler of progress. Mayhap, we should learn from their example and strive to embrace change, lest we too be trapped in the sands of time.
In our pursuit to comprehend the multifaceted nature of our world, there is no denying the vital role culture plays. Through the study of culture, we unravel the intricate workings of societies and their constant evolution over time. Culture serves as a lens through which we can analyze the complex interplay of social, political, and economic forces that shape our world. Delving into the cultural fabric of a community reveals more than just its traditions and values. It unravels the underlying power structures and the struggle for dominance within society.
Therefore, to truly grasp the intricate tapestry of our existence, we must embrace the study of culture with open arms. Only then can we hope to unravel the mysterious workings of our societies and strive toward a more equitable future? Do you know what's groovy? Digging deep into different cultures can help us get hip to their vibes and grooves. That knowledge can open our minds and hearts, making us more tolerant and empathetic to cultural differences. It's a far-out way to appreciate the diversity of our world.
As I sit here sipping on a cold beer, I can't help but think about the importance of studying culture. It's a window into the soul of society - their triumphs, struggles, and very existence. Through culture, we can travel back in time and witness the incredible feats and staggering challenges that our ancestors faced. From the art they created to the food they ate, culture is a roadmap that guides us through the twists and turns of history. It's the stories of the people who came before us and the legacy they left behind. By studying culture, we can better understand the world we live in today and how we got here.
So the next time you sit down for a meal or marvel at a piece of art, remember that you're not just experiencing something beautiful - you're experiencing a part of history. And at that moment, you're connecting with the people who came before us and the incredible stories they must tell. In the current epoch of global interconnectedness, comprehending culture is the key to unlocking effective intercultural exchange. This knowledge is paramount for navigating the dynamic landscape of cross-cultural communication. With it, we avoid losing crucial nuances and succumbing to misunderstandings that could have been avoided.
And so, my friends, we arrive at the heart of the matter: culture. Oh yes, culture, that slippery beast that has wriggled and slithered its way through the annals of world history, leaving its mark on everything from art and music to politics and war. It's a force to be reckoned with, a powerful entity that has united, divided, uplifted, and oppressed us. Let's not mince words here, folks. Culture has been a double-edged sword, cutting both ways with equal ferocity. On the one hand, it has given us diversity, a smorgasbord of different flavors and colors that make life so much richer. It has also brought us together, binding us in a shared heritage that transcends borders and boundaries. And let's remember the role culture has played in preserving our history, giving us a window into the past and helping us understand where we've come from.
But on the other hand, culture has been a source of inequality, a tool the powerful use to subjugate the weak. It has been the spark that ignited countless conflicts, pitting one tribe against another in a struggle for dominance. And worst of all, it has been the anchor that has held us back, preventing us from moving forward and embracing change. Yet despite all of this, we cannot deny the importance of studying culture. We need to dive headfirst into the complexities of this beast if we are to have any hope of understanding the world around us. By learning about different cultures, we can open our minds and expand our horizons, discovering new ways of thinking and living that we never knew existed.
So let us embrace the challenge, my friends. Let us delve into the world of culture with all the reckless abandon of a madman on a motorcycle. Only by doing so can we hope to appreciate the richness and variety of human experience that surrounds us daily.
THE RUNDOWN
- Culture is a vital component of world history and influences beliefs, values, and behavior.
- Understanding culture allows for a better understanding of the past and how it impacts the present.
- Culture brings diversity to humanity and can unite communities through shared beliefs, customs, and traditions.
- Culture serves as a time capsule for preserving the past and offers a glimpse into the lives of those who came before us.
- Culture has been used as a weapon in the fight for supremacy and domination and must be challenged.
- Cultural clashes have caused conflicts throughout history, and cultures that resist change can stagnate.
- Understanding culture is necessary to analyze the complex interplay of social, political, and economic forces that shape our world.
- Embracing the study of culture can increase tolerance and empathy for cultural differences and promote a more equitable future.
QUESTIONS
- Why is culture a vital component of world history? How has it shaped the beliefs, values, and behavior of individuals and societies throughout history?
- In what ways has culture been a positive force in shaping history? Give examples of cultures that have had a significant impact on the development of civilization.
- Can culture be a negative force in history? Explain how cultural practices or beliefs have perpetuated systems of oppression and discrimination.
Sources:
- "Culture and Its Importance to Society." The Borgen Project, 26 Nov. 2017, borgenproject.org/culture-and-its-importance-to-society/.
- "The Importance of Culture in History." World History Edu, 10 June 2020, worldhistoryedu.com/the-importance-of-culture-in-history/.
- "The Role of Culture in Shaping Human Behavior." Psychology Today, 21 Sept. 2015, psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-nature-culture-interface/201509/the-role-culture-in-shaping-human-behavior.
- "Positive and Negative Effects of Culture." My Essay Point, 4 Nov. 2015, myessaypoint.com/positive-and-negative-effects-of-culture.
- "Culture: Positive and Negative Aspects." Medium, 6 Aug. 2019, medium.com/@saulo.torres/culture-positive-and-negative-aspects-47d559d6e30b.
- "Why Study Culture?" Cultural Survival, 20 Dec. 2019, culturalsurvival.org/why-study-culture.
#9 Tear Down Your Idols.
The idea of statues is so frustrating for a historian as they create an internal war within us. I have been known to stop and read every placard on every statue in every town I go on vacation with my family. As I read about the historical importance of whatever mundane event or person is being given credit, I can hear both the collective groan of boredom and the eyes rolling back into the head of my wife and children. What can I say? I like the statues! But the sad reality is some of these statues should not exist. Historically speaking, the figures were created initially as shrines to deities. This goes all the way to when man first learned how to chisel into a rock. But then eventually, as society aged, so did people's taste. The dreaded politician or emperor or king also wanted to be immortalized for centuries. This blurred the lines of fact and reality. Gods were perfect; humans are not. The statue seems to neglect the fact that these very fallible people did very ordinary things. Very mundane things.
Throughout the annals of human history, there have been those deemed worthy of reverence and admiration, often to the point of achieving legendary status. Whether as political leaders or pioneering scientists, these figures have been extolled as exemplars, their exploits serving as a wellspring of inspiration for future generations. However, recently, there has been a mounting discourse over whether we should uphold such figures or take a more critical perspective. While there are undoubtedly benefits to commemorating historical figures, there are also perils that we must confront. By examining this issue, we can deepen our comprehension of how our understanding of the past is constructed and how we can cultivate a more nuanced and accurate depiction of history.
When we hoist someone to the pedestal of a hero or role model, we overlook the nuanced facets of their character and actions. Venerating figures from history can mask their faults and foibles. Take Christopher Columbus, for instance. Many folks hail him as a valiant explorer who "discovered" America. Still, the truth is that his voyages were marred by the ruthless treatment of indigenous folks and the start of a colonization process that had dire consequences for native peoples. Similarly, Thomas Jefferson is often lauded as a defender of liberty and democracy. Still, his stance on slavery and the treatment of those enslaved raises severe doubts about his dedication to those values. By brushing these aspects of historical figures under the rug, we can construct a twisted view of the past that fails to grasp the intricacies and paradoxes of human conduct.
Listen, it's easy to get caught up in the cult of personality. We put these historical figures on a pedestal and fixate on them, forgetting the many other players who helped shape history. But let's remember that history is never just about one person. Take the Civil Rights movement, for instance. We all know about Martin Luther King Jr. and his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech. But the truth is, he was just one part of a much larger movement involving thousands of people who stood up against injustice. We're discussing Ella Baker, Bayard Rustin, and Fannie Lou Hamer. These people organized protests, staged boycotts, and put their bodies on the line for their beliefs. So let's not get caught up in hero worship. Let's remember that history is made by all of us, not just a select few.
There's no denying that worshipping historical figures has some drawbacks, but it's not all bad. There are some upsides to the whole enterprise. One such benefit is that it can be an incredible motivator, inspiring people to strive for excellence and pursue their greatness. Think about it: when we hold up individuals who have accomplished genuinely remarkable things, we can provide a roadmap for others to follow. By emulating the actions of those who have achieved greatness, we can tap into our potential and work towards realizing our own goals. For instance, consider the story of Rosa Parks, who refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus in 1955. Her bravery and commitment to justice have inspired countless people to stand against oppression and inequality. And the example of Mahatma Gandhi and his unwavering commitment to nonviolent resistance has served as a beacon of hope for global activists. But we can't erase that even Gandhi himself has skeleton's living in his closet.
So while it's true that there are some negative aspects to putting historical figures on a pedestal, we shouldn't overlook the positive impact that these icons can have on our lives. Ultimately, the best way to approach our historical heroes is with a mix of admiration and humility, recognizing their accomplishments while acknowledging our potential to achieve greatness. Listen here, my friends, and heed my words, for they are gospel truth. No, sir, the past is not some distant relic to be cast aside and forgotten. Revering those who came before us is crucial in forging our shared identity and purpose as a nation. When we hoist up the likes of George Washington or Abraham Lincoln, we signal to the world that we stand for something and believe in specific values and ideals that define us as a people. It's a rallying cry for all those who share our vision of a better future.
And let me tell you, brothers and sisters, that sense of purpose is powerful. It can unite us like nothing else, uniting us in a common cause to build a more just and equitable society. Look at the Civil Rights movement, for example. The legacy of those brave souls who fought for justice and equality has inspired generations of activists to keep the fight alive, from voting rights to police reform. So let us not forget the giants upon whose shoulders we stand.
Though idolizing historical figures is tempting, we must keep a sharp eye and avoid the snare of hero worship. By recognizing the imperfections and intricacies of these figures, we gain a more refined and truthful comprehension of the past, steering clear of falsehoods and myths. It also helps us celebrate and acknowledge the contributions of a diverse spectrum of individuals instead of elevating a privileged few. Furthermore, analyzing how these figures have been revered or condemned can bring to light how societies shape their historical accounts and how those accounts can reveal prejudices and power struggles.
Let us examine the discourse surrounding the Confederacy relics that dot the United States landscape. These towering statues were erected in the early twentieth century as part of a grander scheme to promote the "Lost Cause" narrative of the Civil War, which enshrined the Confederacy as a virtuous and valiant cause than a defense of enslavement and white supremacy.
Some among us maintain that these memorials should be eradicated, for they propagate a twisted and erroneous version of the past. While others insist that they be preserved, for they are part and parcel of our national legacy, notwithstanding their contentiousness. If we delve deep into the debate and how we remember those who came before us, we can see how the prevailing winds of society and politics influence our view of the past. By doing so, we can learn to build a more inclusive and truthful history that respects the voices of those on the fringes and gives credit to the many different people who have helped shape our world.
Look, let's not kid ourselves. History's full of people we like to put on pedestals to worship as idols. But let me tell you, as a guy who's traveled the world and seen some things; there's always more to the story. These historical figures might have done some good but need to be revised. Like, big time. And we need to be honest about that. Because if we're not, we're just perpetuating many lies and myths. It's not about tearing people down, though. No, it's about understanding them better. It's about recognizing the full spectrum of their humanity, the good and the bad. Only then can we create a more accurate picture of history that includes everyone's contributions. So let's dig deep, be honest, and keep learning because that's how we progress and build a better future.
Next time you see a statue of Nero, remember he ALSO pooped. But the unfortunate truth is these enshrined leaders also did terrible things to others. And it seems that we as humans remove any sort of onus or responsibility for horrific actions made by men in bronzed statues. We must tear down statues (metaphorically of course, please don't catch a charge on my account). Remember that fallible people are in charge always, and just because you are on a pedestal, you should not be removed from the court of opinion. This goes for every person in a position of power, regardless if they are marbleized or not. It makes me sick to my stomach to see or read all the people who venerate politicians, mostly if they ignore all the war crimes and human rights that have been violated in the state's name. It makes you wonder: does everyone or no one deserve a statue?
In the words of Shelly from his epic poem, Ozymandias: "Look on my works ye mighty, and despair."
THE RUNDOWN
The idea of statues is so frustrating for a historian as they create an internal war within us. I have been known to stop and read every placard on every statue in every town I go on vacation with my family. As I read about the historical importance of whatever mundane event or person is being given credit, I can hear both the collective groan of boredom and the eyes rolling back into the head of my wife and children. What can I say? I like the statues! But the sad reality is some of these statues should not exist. Historically speaking, the figures were created initially as shrines to deities. This goes all the way to when man first learned how to chisel into a rock. But then eventually, as society aged, so did people's taste. The dreaded politician or emperor or king also wanted to be immortalized for centuries. This blurred the lines of fact and reality. Gods were perfect; humans are not. The statue seems to neglect the fact that these very fallible people did very ordinary things. Very mundane things.
Throughout the annals of human history, there have been those deemed worthy of reverence and admiration, often to the point of achieving legendary status. Whether as political leaders or pioneering scientists, these figures have been extolled as exemplars, their exploits serving as a wellspring of inspiration for future generations. However, recently, there has been a mounting discourse over whether we should uphold such figures or take a more critical perspective. While there are undoubtedly benefits to commemorating historical figures, there are also perils that we must confront. By examining this issue, we can deepen our comprehension of how our understanding of the past is constructed and how we can cultivate a more nuanced and accurate depiction of history.
When we hoist someone to the pedestal of a hero or role model, we overlook the nuanced facets of their character and actions. Venerating figures from history can mask their faults and foibles. Take Christopher Columbus, for instance. Many folks hail him as a valiant explorer who "discovered" America. Still, the truth is that his voyages were marred by the ruthless treatment of indigenous folks and the start of a colonization process that had dire consequences for native peoples. Similarly, Thomas Jefferson is often lauded as a defender of liberty and democracy. Still, his stance on slavery and the treatment of those enslaved raises severe doubts about his dedication to those values. By brushing these aspects of historical figures under the rug, we can construct a twisted view of the past that fails to grasp the intricacies and paradoxes of human conduct.
Listen, it's easy to get caught up in the cult of personality. We put these historical figures on a pedestal and fixate on them, forgetting the many other players who helped shape history. But let's remember that history is never just about one person. Take the Civil Rights movement, for instance. We all know about Martin Luther King Jr. and his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech. But the truth is, he was just one part of a much larger movement involving thousands of people who stood up against injustice. We're discussing Ella Baker, Bayard Rustin, and Fannie Lou Hamer. These people organized protests, staged boycotts, and put their bodies on the line for their beliefs. So let's not get caught up in hero worship. Let's remember that history is made by all of us, not just a select few.
There's no denying that worshipping historical figures has some drawbacks, but it's not all bad. There are some upsides to the whole enterprise. One such benefit is that it can be an incredible motivator, inspiring people to strive for excellence and pursue their greatness. Think about it: when we hold up individuals who have accomplished genuinely remarkable things, we can provide a roadmap for others to follow. By emulating the actions of those who have achieved greatness, we can tap into our potential and work towards realizing our own goals. For instance, consider the story of Rosa Parks, who refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus in 1955. Her bravery and commitment to justice have inspired countless people to stand against oppression and inequality. And the example of Mahatma Gandhi and his unwavering commitment to nonviolent resistance has served as a beacon of hope for global activists. But we can't erase that even Gandhi himself has skeleton's living in his closet.
So while it's true that there are some negative aspects to putting historical figures on a pedestal, we shouldn't overlook the positive impact that these icons can have on our lives. Ultimately, the best way to approach our historical heroes is with a mix of admiration and humility, recognizing their accomplishments while acknowledging our potential to achieve greatness. Listen here, my friends, and heed my words, for they are gospel truth. No, sir, the past is not some distant relic to be cast aside and forgotten. Revering those who came before us is crucial in forging our shared identity and purpose as a nation. When we hoist up the likes of George Washington or Abraham Lincoln, we signal to the world that we stand for something and believe in specific values and ideals that define us as a people. It's a rallying cry for all those who share our vision of a better future.
And let me tell you, brothers and sisters, that sense of purpose is powerful. It can unite us like nothing else, uniting us in a common cause to build a more just and equitable society. Look at the Civil Rights movement, for example. The legacy of those brave souls who fought for justice and equality has inspired generations of activists to keep the fight alive, from voting rights to police reform. So let us not forget the giants upon whose shoulders we stand.
Though idolizing historical figures is tempting, we must keep a sharp eye and avoid the snare of hero worship. By recognizing the imperfections and intricacies of these figures, we gain a more refined and truthful comprehension of the past, steering clear of falsehoods and myths. It also helps us celebrate and acknowledge the contributions of a diverse spectrum of individuals instead of elevating a privileged few. Furthermore, analyzing how these figures have been revered or condemned can bring to light how societies shape their historical accounts and how those accounts can reveal prejudices and power struggles.
Let us examine the discourse surrounding the Confederacy relics that dot the United States landscape. These towering statues were erected in the early twentieth century as part of a grander scheme to promote the "Lost Cause" narrative of the Civil War, which enshrined the Confederacy as a virtuous and valiant cause than a defense of enslavement and white supremacy.
Some among us maintain that these memorials should be eradicated, for they propagate a twisted and erroneous version of the past. While others insist that they be preserved, for they are part and parcel of our national legacy, notwithstanding their contentiousness. If we delve deep into the debate and how we remember those who came before us, we can see how the prevailing winds of society and politics influence our view of the past. By doing so, we can learn to build a more inclusive and truthful history that respects the voices of those on the fringes and gives credit to the many different people who have helped shape our world.
Look, let's not kid ourselves. History's full of people we like to put on pedestals to worship as idols. But let me tell you, as a guy who's traveled the world and seen some things; there's always more to the story. These historical figures might have done some good but need to be revised. Like, big time. And we need to be honest about that. Because if we're not, we're just perpetuating many lies and myths. It's not about tearing people down, though. No, it's about understanding them better. It's about recognizing the full spectrum of their humanity, the good and the bad. Only then can we create a more accurate picture of history that includes everyone's contributions. So let's dig deep, be honest, and keep learning because that's how we progress and build a better future.
Next time you see a statue of Nero, remember he ALSO pooped. But the unfortunate truth is these enshrined leaders also did terrible things to others. And it seems that we as humans remove any sort of onus or responsibility for horrific actions made by men in bronzed statues. We must tear down statues (metaphorically of course, please don't catch a charge on my account). Remember that fallible people are in charge always, and just because you are on a pedestal, you should not be removed from the court of opinion. This goes for every person in a position of power, regardless if they are marbleized or not. It makes me sick to my stomach to see or read all the people who venerate politicians, mostly if they ignore all the war crimes and human rights that have been violated in the state's name. It makes you wonder: does everyone or no one deserve a statue?
In the words of Shelly from his epic poem, Ozymandias: "Look on my works ye mighty, and despair."
THE RUNDOWN
- Some historians have mixed feelings about statues because they can cause conflicts within themselves.
- Some statues shouldn't exist because they ignore that people are imperfect and do ordinary things.
- Honoring historical figures can sometimes hide their mistakes and weaknesses, leading to a distorted view of the past that doesn't capture the complexities of human behavior.
- History isn't just about one person but everyone who contributes to it.
- Honoring historical figures can inspire us and show us the way forward. Still, we must be respectful and humble, recognizing their achievements while realizing our potential for greatness.
- Respecting those who came before us is vital in creating our national identity and purpose, but we must be careful not to idolize them too much.
STATE OF THE WORLD
HIGHLIGHTS
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We've got some fine classroom lectures coming your way, all courtesy of the RPTM podcast. These lectures will take you on a wild ride through history, exploring everything from ancient civilizations and epic battles to scientific breakthroughs and artistic revolutions. The podcast will guide you through each lecture with its no-nonsense, straight-talking style, using various sources to give you the lowdown on each topic. You won't find any fancy-pants jargon or convoluted theories here, just plain and straightforward explanations anyone can understand. So sit back and prepare to soak up some knowledge.
LECTURES
LECTURES
- COMING SOON
READING
This class utilizes the following textbook:
Bentley, Jerry. Traditions & Encounter Volume 1 from Beginning to 1500, 7th ed.: McGraw Hill, 2021 .
Jerry H. Bentley was a historian and academic who specialized in world history, with a focus on cultural and economic exchange, comparative history, and the study of empires. He was a professor at the University of Hawaii and served as the President of the American Historical Association. Bentley wrote several books on world history and globalization, including "Old World Encounters" and he made significant contributions to the field. He passed away in 2014.
- Bentley, Chapter 17: Nomadic Empires and Eurasian Integration
- Bentley, Chapter 18: States and Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa
This class utilizes the following textbook:
Bentley, Jerry. Traditions & Encounter Volume 1 from Beginning to 1500, 7th ed.: McGraw Hill, 2021 .
Jerry H. Bentley was a historian and academic who specialized in world history, with a focus on cultural and economic exchange, comparative history, and the study of empires. He was a professor at the University of Hawaii and served as the President of the American Historical Association. Bentley wrote several books on world history and globalization, including "Old World Encounters" and he made significant contributions to the field. He passed away in 2014.
Howard Zinn was a historian, writer, and political activist known for his critical analysis of American history. He is particularly well-known for his counter-narrative to traditional American history accounts and highlights marginalized groups' experiences and perspectives. Zinn's work is often associated with social history and is known for his Marxist and socialist views. Larry Schweikart is also a historian, but his work and perspective are often considered more conservative. Schweikart's work is often associated with military history, and he is known for his support of free-market economics and limited government. Overall, Zinn and Schweikart have different perspectives on various historical issues and events and may interpret historical events and phenomena differently. Occasionally, we will also look at Thaddeus Russell, a historian, author, and academic. Russell has written extensively on the history of social and cultural change, and his work focuses on how marginalized and oppressed groups have challenged and transformed mainstream culture. Russell is known for his unconventional and controversial ideas, and his work has been praised for its originality and provocative nature.
My classes utilize both Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States and Larry Schweikart's Patriot's History of the United States, mostly in excerpts posted to the modules. You can access the full text of People's History or Patriot's History by clicking on the links.
My classes utilize both Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States and Larry Schweikart's Patriot's History of the United States, mostly in excerpts posted to the modules. You can access the full text of People's History or Patriot's History by clicking on the links.
Zinn, A People's History of the United States
"... Thus, in that inevitable taking of sides which comes from selection and emphasis in history, I prefer to try to tell the story of the discovery of America from the viewpoint of the Arawaks, of the Constitution from the standpoint of the slaves, of Andrew Jackson as seen by the Cherokees, of the Civil War as seen by the New York Irish, of the Mexican war as seen by the deserting soldiers of Scott's army, of the rise of industrialism as seen by the young women in the Lowell textile mills, of the Spanish-American war as seen by the Cubans, the conquest of the Philippines as seen by black soldiers on Luzon, the Gilded Age as seen by southern farmers, the First World War as seen by socialists, the Second World War as seen by pacifists, the New Deal as seen by blacks in Harlem, the postwar American empire as seen by peons in Latin America. And so on, to the limited extent that any one person, however he or she strains, can "see" history from the standpoint of others.
My point is not to grieve for the victims and denounce the executioners. Those tears, that anger, cast into the past, deplete our moral energy for the present. And the lines are not always clear. In the long run, the oppressor is also a victim. In the short run (and so far, human history has consisted only of short runs), the victims, themselves desperate and tainted with the culture that oppresses them, turn on other victims.
Still, understanding the complexities, this book will be skeptical of governments and their attempts, through politics and culture, to ensnare ordinary people in a giant web of nationhood pretending to a common interest. I will try not to overlook the cruelties that victims inflict on one another as they are jammed together in the boxcars of the system. I don't want to romanticize them. But I do remember (in rough paraphrase) a statement I once read: "The cry of the poor is not always just, but if you don't listen to it, you will never know what justice is..."
"... Thus, in that inevitable taking of sides which comes from selection and emphasis in history, I prefer to try to tell the story of the discovery of America from the viewpoint of the Arawaks, of the Constitution from the standpoint of the slaves, of Andrew Jackson as seen by the Cherokees, of the Civil War as seen by the New York Irish, of the Mexican war as seen by the deserting soldiers of Scott's army, of the rise of industrialism as seen by the young women in the Lowell textile mills, of the Spanish-American war as seen by the Cubans, the conquest of the Philippines as seen by black soldiers on Luzon, the Gilded Age as seen by southern farmers, the First World War as seen by socialists, the Second World War as seen by pacifists, the New Deal as seen by blacks in Harlem, the postwar American empire as seen by peons in Latin America. And so on, to the limited extent that any one person, however he or she strains, can "see" history from the standpoint of others.
My point is not to grieve for the victims and denounce the executioners. Those tears, that anger, cast into the past, deplete our moral energy for the present. And the lines are not always clear. In the long run, the oppressor is also a victim. In the short run (and so far, human history has consisted only of short runs), the victims, themselves desperate and tainted with the culture that oppresses them, turn on other victims.
Still, understanding the complexities, this book will be skeptical of governments and their attempts, through politics and culture, to ensnare ordinary people in a giant web of nationhood pretending to a common interest. I will try not to overlook the cruelties that victims inflict on one another as they are jammed together in the boxcars of the system. I don't want to romanticize them. But I do remember (in rough paraphrase) a statement I once read: "The cry of the poor is not always just, but if you don't listen to it, you will never know what justice is..."
Larry Schweikart, A Patriot's History of the United States
"... In Democracy in America, the brilliant French observer Alexis de Tocqueville predicted that a highly refined culture was unlikely to evolve in America, largely because of its “lowly” colonial origins. The “intermingling of classes and constant rising and sinking” of individuals in an egalitarian society, Tocqueville wrote, had a detrimental effect on the arts: painting, literature, music, theater, and education. In place of high or refined mores, Tocqueville concluded, Americans had built a democratic culture that was highly accessible but ultimately lacking in the brilliance that characterized European art forms.
Certainly, some colonial Americans tried to emulate Europe, particularly when it came to creating institutions of higher learning. Harvard College, founded in 1636, was followed by William and Mary (1693), Yale (1701), Princeton (1746), the College of Philadelphia (University of Pennsylvania) (1740), and—between 1764 and 1769—King’s College (Columbia), Brown, Queen’s College (Rutgers), and Dartmouth. Yet from the beginning, these schools differed sharply from their European progenitors in that they were founded by a variety of Protestant sects, not a state church, and though tied to religious denominations, they were nevertheless relatively secular. Harvard, for example, was founded to train clergy, and yet by the end of the colonial era only a quarter of its graduates became ministers; the rest pursued careers in business, law, medicine, politics, and teaching. A few schools, such as the College of New Jersey (later Princeton), led by the Reverend John Witherspoon, bucked the trend: Witherspoon transformed Princeton into a campus much more oriented toward religious and moral philosophy, all the while charging it with a powerful revolutionary fervor..."
"... In Democracy in America, the brilliant French observer Alexis de Tocqueville predicted that a highly refined culture was unlikely to evolve in America, largely because of its “lowly” colonial origins. The “intermingling of classes and constant rising and sinking” of individuals in an egalitarian society, Tocqueville wrote, had a detrimental effect on the arts: painting, literature, music, theater, and education. In place of high or refined mores, Tocqueville concluded, Americans had built a democratic culture that was highly accessible but ultimately lacking in the brilliance that characterized European art forms.
Certainly, some colonial Americans tried to emulate Europe, particularly when it came to creating institutions of higher learning. Harvard College, founded in 1636, was followed by William and Mary (1693), Yale (1701), Princeton (1746), the College of Philadelphia (University of Pennsylvania) (1740), and—between 1764 and 1769—King’s College (Columbia), Brown, Queen’s College (Rutgers), and Dartmouth. Yet from the beginning, these schools differed sharply from their European progenitors in that they were founded by a variety of Protestant sects, not a state church, and though tied to religious denominations, they were nevertheless relatively secular. Harvard, for example, was founded to train clergy, and yet by the end of the colonial era only a quarter of its graduates became ministers; the rest pursued careers in business, law, medicine, politics, and teaching. A few schools, such as the College of New Jersey (later Princeton), led by the Reverend John Witherspoon, bucked the trend: Witherspoon transformed Princeton into a campus much more oriented toward religious and moral philosophy, all the while charging it with a powerful revolutionary fervor..."
Thaddeus Russell, A Renegade History of the United States
"... While it is undeniably true that the civil rights and black nationalist organizations inspired great numbers of African Americans with visions of black uplift, movement leaders did not succeed in creating a mass commitment to the responsibilities and sacrifices necessary for revolution or for citizenship. The aversion to communal obligation was far greater among the black working class than among whites. As W. E. B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, James Baldwin, and more recent scholars such as Robin D. G. Kelley, David Roediger, Saidiya Hartman, and Roderick Ferguson have suggested, the relatively liberated character of black American culture might very well have been the result of the fact that for most if not all of their history, African Americans have been to some degree excluded from citizenship and therefore far less likely to internalize its repression. It is certainly arguable that having created a culture of freedom out of slavery, segregation, and compulsory labor, when citizenship appeared attainable in the post–World War II period, the black working class demonstrated an unwillingness to relinquish the pleasures of that culture in exchange for their rights. As scholars have moved away from studies of black leaders and toward an examination of African American working-class culture, evidence of this resistance has mounted.
Draft evasion as well as insubordination against commanding officers in the military remained far greater among African Americans than among whites from the two world wars through the Korean and Vietnam wars. During World War I, the only black combat division in the American Expeditionary Force frequently ran away during battles, resulting in the removal of the entire division from the front. There is also substantial anecdotal evidence that during both world wars, large numbers of black men feigned illness or insanity to evade the draft. We have seen that during World War II, black men were more likely than whites to evade the draft. Similarly, historian Gerald Gill has found that draft law delinquency during the Korean War was extraordinarily high in black urban neighborhoods. In the early months of the war, it was estimated that 30 percent of eligible men in Harlem were delinquent in registering. At the national level, approximately 20 percent of those arrested for violating the Selective Service Act from 1951 through 1953 were African American. Black resistance to patriotic obligation peaked during the Vietnam War, when African Americans made up fully one-half of the eligible men who failed to register for the draft..."
"... While it is undeniably true that the civil rights and black nationalist organizations inspired great numbers of African Americans with visions of black uplift, movement leaders did not succeed in creating a mass commitment to the responsibilities and sacrifices necessary for revolution or for citizenship. The aversion to communal obligation was far greater among the black working class than among whites. As W. E. B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, James Baldwin, and more recent scholars such as Robin D. G. Kelley, David Roediger, Saidiya Hartman, and Roderick Ferguson have suggested, the relatively liberated character of black American culture might very well have been the result of the fact that for most if not all of their history, African Americans have been to some degree excluded from citizenship and therefore far less likely to internalize its repression. It is certainly arguable that having created a culture of freedom out of slavery, segregation, and compulsory labor, when citizenship appeared attainable in the post–World War II period, the black working class demonstrated an unwillingness to relinquish the pleasures of that culture in exchange for their rights. As scholars have moved away from studies of black leaders and toward an examination of African American working-class culture, evidence of this resistance has mounted.
Draft evasion as well as insubordination against commanding officers in the military remained far greater among African Americans than among whites from the two world wars through the Korean and Vietnam wars. During World War I, the only black combat division in the American Expeditionary Force frequently ran away during battles, resulting in the removal of the entire division from the front. There is also substantial anecdotal evidence that during both world wars, large numbers of black men feigned illness or insanity to evade the draft. We have seen that during World War II, black men were more likely than whites to evade the draft. Similarly, historian Gerald Gill has found that draft law delinquency during the Korean War was extraordinarily high in black urban neighborhoods. In the early months of the war, it was estimated that 30 percent of eligible men in Harlem were delinquent in registering. At the national level, approximately 20 percent of those arrested for violating the Selective Service Act from 1951 through 1953 were African American. Black resistance to patriotic obligation peaked during the Vietnam War, when African Americans made up fully one-half of the eligible men who failed to register for the draft..."
What Does Professor Lancaster Think?
As we approach the present day, there has been a mounting effort to reframe our understanding of history from the vantage point of those marginalized and disempowered. This shift in approach aims to unpack the intricate nuances of historical events and explore the experiences of all individuals involved rather than exclusively privileging the perspectives of the oppressors. Such a transformation of our approach to history challenges the dominant narratives that those in positions of power have propagated. It illuminates the stark complexities of history and highlights the various perspectives and struggles of those who have been historically overlooked.
By foregrounding the experiences of those who have traditionally been relegated to the periphery of history, we can better understand the events that have shaped our world. We can begin to recognize how power and privilege have operated throughout history and how this has silenced certain groups and perspectives. At the same time, this alternative approach to history has limitations. For one, it can be difficult to accurately represent the experiences and perspectives of marginalized individuals, mainly when there are gaps in the historical record. Additionally, there is a risk that such an approach can devolve into identity politics, in which individuals are reduced to mere representatives of their particular identity groups rather than being recognized as complex individuals with unique experiences.
Despite these potential drawbacks, however, we must continue to interrogate the dominant narratives of history and strive to bring to light the experiences of those who have been historically marginalized. Only by doing so can we better understand the past and present and work towards a more equitable future for all. So, check this out: history can be pretty darn one-sided, especially for those who've been kicked to the curb by the powers that be. Take slavery, for instance. The white dudes in charge have always told the official version of events in the good ol' US of A. But what about the enslaved Africans and their descendants? They got a raw deal. That's where this new approach to history comes in handy. By looking at things from their perspective, we can see how slavery shaped their lives and the entire society around them. Historian Eric Foner's been all over this, shedding much-needed light on the subject.
In the culinary world, we know that the dominant flavor profile can overpower and mask the subtleties of other ingredients. Similarly, the dominant narrative of history can obscure the truths and experiences of marginalized groups. This is where the approach of challenging the status quo of the past comes in, my friends. Let's take the traditional narrative of American history, shall we? It's been repeated repeatedly that the founding fathers were the story's heroes who paved the way for American democracy. But let's not forget that these same men were also enslavers, a fact often swept under the rug. And while democracy is touted as the cornerstone of America, it has historically excluded women, people of color, and other marginalized groups.
It's time to examine history from a new perspective that considers the experiences of those who have been overlooked for far too long. The work of historian Howard Zinn is a prime example of this. His book, A People's History of the United States, offers a fresh take on American history, presenting it from the viewpoint of working-class and marginalized groups. By challenging the dominant narrative and embracing a more nuanced approach to history, we can better understand the complexities of our past. And just like a dish with various flavors and textures, this approach allows us to savor and appreciate the richness of history in a whole new way.
Do you know what's weird? The way we approach history. On the one hand, it's great that we're finally starting to acknowledge the perspectives and experiences of marginalized groups. On the other hand, we might be going too far. Hear me out. When we focus solely on the experiences of one group, we're neglecting a huge part of the story. Take slavery in America, for instance. Sure, it's essential to examine the perspectives of enslaved Africans. But if we only do that, we miss out on a lot. We must also look at the views of white enslavers and their allies. Why? Because their viewpoints are just as crucial in understanding the institution of slavery and its impact on American society. Now, I'm not saying we should ignore the voices of marginalized groups. Not at all. But we need to be careful not to swing too far in the other direction. Because if we do, we risk creating a narrow and one-sided view of history that ultimately doesn't do anyone any favors.
Listen up, folks, there's a problem with this history approach that's worth noting - it can sometimes lead to fixating on victimhood and completely ignoring the power of agency. Sure, we have to recognize the ways marginalized groups have been screwed over, no doubt about it. But we also can't overlook how they've stood up and fought against the forces of oppression—for example, the civil rights movement in the good ol' USA. We can't forget how African Americans were treated like second-class citizens under Jim Crow laws and other forms of discrimination. But we also have to give props to how they organized and rallied against this bullcrap, fighting for their rights and demanding justice.
By Crom, scrutinizing history through the lens of the oppressed is a crucial and invaluable methodology! 'Tis a way to delve deep into these folks' struggles and pains and contest the prevailing chronicles carved by the mighty. Through this mode of inquiry, we may comprehend the intricacies of bygone days and how they have molded our present reality. Yet, we must wield a discerning gaze while peering into this history, lest we fall prey to a myopic and skewed portrayal of the past.
THE RUNDOWN
QUESTIONS
Sources:
Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877. New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2015.
Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States. New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2015.
Loewen, James W. Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. New York: Touchstone, 2007.
Roediger, David R. Seizing Freedom: Slave Emancipation and Liberty for All. New York: Verso, 2014.
As we approach the present day, there has been a mounting effort to reframe our understanding of history from the vantage point of those marginalized and disempowered. This shift in approach aims to unpack the intricate nuances of historical events and explore the experiences of all individuals involved rather than exclusively privileging the perspectives of the oppressors. Such a transformation of our approach to history challenges the dominant narratives that those in positions of power have propagated. It illuminates the stark complexities of history and highlights the various perspectives and struggles of those who have been historically overlooked.
By foregrounding the experiences of those who have traditionally been relegated to the periphery of history, we can better understand the events that have shaped our world. We can begin to recognize how power and privilege have operated throughout history and how this has silenced certain groups and perspectives. At the same time, this alternative approach to history has limitations. For one, it can be difficult to accurately represent the experiences and perspectives of marginalized individuals, mainly when there are gaps in the historical record. Additionally, there is a risk that such an approach can devolve into identity politics, in which individuals are reduced to mere representatives of their particular identity groups rather than being recognized as complex individuals with unique experiences.
Despite these potential drawbacks, however, we must continue to interrogate the dominant narratives of history and strive to bring to light the experiences of those who have been historically marginalized. Only by doing so can we better understand the past and present and work towards a more equitable future for all. So, check this out: history can be pretty darn one-sided, especially for those who've been kicked to the curb by the powers that be. Take slavery, for instance. The white dudes in charge have always told the official version of events in the good ol' US of A. But what about the enslaved Africans and their descendants? They got a raw deal. That's where this new approach to history comes in handy. By looking at things from their perspective, we can see how slavery shaped their lives and the entire society around them. Historian Eric Foner's been all over this, shedding much-needed light on the subject.
In the culinary world, we know that the dominant flavor profile can overpower and mask the subtleties of other ingredients. Similarly, the dominant narrative of history can obscure the truths and experiences of marginalized groups. This is where the approach of challenging the status quo of the past comes in, my friends. Let's take the traditional narrative of American history, shall we? It's been repeated repeatedly that the founding fathers were the story's heroes who paved the way for American democracy. But let's not forget that these same men were also enslavers, a fact often swept under the rug. And while democracy is touted as the cornerstone of America, it has historically excluded women, people of color, and other marginalized groups.
It's time to examine history from a new perspective that considers the experiences of those who have been overlooked for far too long. The work of historian Howard Zinn is a prime example of this. His book, A People's History of the United States, offers a fresh take on American history, presenting it from the viewpoint of working-class and marginalized groups. By challenging the dominant narrative and embracing a more nuanced approach to history, we can better understand the complexities of our past. And just like a dish with various flavors and textures, this approach allows us to savor and appreciate the richness of history in a whole new way.
Do you know what's weird? The way we approach history. On the one hand, it's great that we're finally starting to acknowledge the perspectives and experiences of marginalized groups. On the other hand, we might be going too far. Hear me out. When we focus solely on the experiences of one group, we're neglecting a huge part of the story. Take slavery in America, for instance. Sure, it's essential to examine the perspectives of enslaved Africans. But if we only do that, we miss out on a lot. We must also look at the views of white enslavers and their allies. Why? Because their viewpoints are just as crucial in understanding the institution of slavery and its impact on American society. Now, I'm not saying we should ignore the voices of marginalized groups. Not at all. But we need to be careful not to swing too far in the other direction. Because if we do, we risk creating a narrow and one-sided view of history that ultimately doesn't do anyone any favors.
Listen up, folks, there's a problem with this history approach that's worth noting - it can sometimes lead to fixating on victimhood and completely ignoring the power of agency. Sure, we have to recognize the ways marginalized groups have been screwed over, no doubt about it. But we also can't overlook how they've stood up and fought against the forces of oppression—for example, the civil rights movement in the good ol' USA. We can't forget how African Americans were treated like second-class citizens under Jim Crow laws and other forms of discrimination. But we also have to give props to how they organized and rallied against this bullcrap, fighting for their rights and demanding justice.
By Crom, scrutinizing history through the lens of the oppressed is a crucial and invaluable methodology! 'Tis a way to delve deep into these folks' struggles and pains and contest the prevailing chronicles carved by the mighty. Through this mode of inquiry, we may comprehend the intricacies of bygone days and how they have molded our present reality. Yet, we must wield a discerning gaze while peering into this history, lest we fall prey to a myopic and skewed portrayal of the past.
THE RUNDOWN
- There is a shift in approach to history that aims to unpack the nuances of historical events and explore the experiences of all individuals involved, rather than privileging the perspectives of the oppressors.
- This transformation challenges dominant narratives propagated by those in positions of power and highlights the various perspectives and struggles of historically overlooked groups.
- By foregrounding the experiences of marginalized groups, we can better understand the events that have shaped our world, recognize how power and privilege have operated throughout history, and work towards a more equitable future.
- However, this approach has limitations, such as difficulty in accurately representing marginalized individuals' experiences and a risk of devolving into identity politics.
- It's essential to examine the viewpoints of all groups to understand the complexity of historical events, including those of white enslavers and their allies in the case of slavery.
- It's crucial not to overlook marginalized groups' agency and how they've stood up and fought against oppression.
- Scrutinizing history through the lens of the oppressed is crucial, but we must wield a discerning gaze to avoid falling prey to a skewed portrayal of the past.
QUESTIONS
- Why is it important to examine history from the perspective of marginalized groups? What insights can be gained from this approach?
- What are the potential limitations of focusing solely on the experiences of marginalized groups in history? How can we avoid creating a narrow and one-sided view of history?
- How can we strike a balance between acknowledging the perspectives and experiences of marginalized groups and recognizing the agency and resistance of these groups in the face of oppression?
Sources:
Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877. New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2015.
Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States. New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2015.
Loewen, James W. Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. New York: Touchstone, 2007.
Roediger, David R. Seizing Freedom: Slave Emancipation and Liberty for All. New York: Verso, 2014.
Artifacts like these will be used as part of a new exhibit on "Egypt and its Neighbours", which will highlight cultural diversity and racism in the Ancient World
THE RUNDOWN
So, this video talks about seven ancient wonders that could be better known. After that, the video describes two more ancient wonders: Petra in Jordan and the Terracotta Army in China. But before that, the video covers five more famous ancient wonders, like the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and the Great Wall of China. Each wonder is presented with some cool facts and historical context. For example, the Hanging Gardens were built by King Nebuchadnezzar for his wife, and the Great Wall was built to fend off invaders. There's also the Taq Kasra arch in Iraq, the Library of Ashurbanipal in Nineveh, and the Colosseum in Rome. The Flavian emperors built the Colosseum to symbolize their victory over Nero. So, that's what the video's all about.
KEY TERMS
- Neolithic Culture
- 3000 and 2000 BCE: Stonehenge.
- 2560 BCE: The Pyramids of Giza.
- 6th century BCE: The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
- 5th century BCE: The Acropolis of Athens
- 4th century BCE: Petra
- 438 BCE: The Parthenon
- 3th century BCE: The Great Wall of China
- 80 CE: The Colosseum
- 100 CE: The Pyramids of Teotihuacan
- 537 CE - Hagia Sophia
- 1070 CE - Canterbury Cathedral
- 1078 CE - Tower of London
- 1100s CE - Mont Saint-Michel
- 1163-1345 CE - Notre-Dame Cathedral
- 1142 CE - Krak des Chevaliers
- 1173-1372 CE - Leaning Tower of Pisa
- 1245 CE - Westminster Abbey
- 1238-1358 CE - Alhambra
- 15th century: Machu Picchu
DISCLAIMER: Welcome scholars to the wild and wacky world of history class. This isn't your granddaddy's boring ol' lecture, baby. We will take a trip through time, which will be one wild ride. I know some of you are in a brick-and-mortar setting, while others are in the vast digital wasteland. But fear not; we're all in this together. Online students might miss out on some in-person interaction, but you can still join in on the fun. This little shindig aims to get you all engaged with the course material and understand how past societies have shaped the world we know today. We'll talk about revolutions, wars, and other crazy stuff. So get ready, kids, because it's going to be one heck of a trip. And for all, you online students out there, don't be shy. Please share your thoughts and ideas with the rest of us. The Professor will do his best to give everyone an equal opportunity to learn, so don't hold back. So, let's do this thing!
Activity: "Ancient Artifact Show and Tell"
Instructions:
Activity: Design your own Coat of Arms
Instructions:
THE RUNDOWN
Activity: "Ancient Artifact Show and Tell"
Instructions:
- Divide the class into groups of 3-4 students.
- Give each group a selection of ancient artifacts and ask them to examine them closely, discussing what they see, and making observations about the materials used, the craftsmanship, and any other details they notice.
- Next, each group will choose one artifact to present to the rest of the class. They should research the civilization that produced the artifact, including its history, culture, and significance, and prepare a brief presentation (5-10 minutes) to share with the class.
- During the presentations, students will display their chosen artifact on a table at the front of the room and explain its significance to the rest of the class. They can also share any interesting facts they discovered during their research.
- After all the presentations are complete, students will have the opportunity to ask questions and discuss what they learned about each artifact and civilization.
Activity: Design your own Coat of Arms
Instructions:
- Begin the class by discussing the importance of heraldry and coat of arms in medieval culture. Explain how coats of arms were used to identify knights and nobles on the battlefield, and how they were passed down through family lines as a symbol of status and heritage.
- Show examples of different coats of arms from medieval times, and discuss the meaning behind the various symbols and colors used.
- Have each student create their own personal coat of arms. Encourage them to think about their own identity and values, and choose symbols and colors that reflect these qualities.
- Once students have finished their designs, have them share their coat of arms with the class and explain the meaning behind their chosen symbols and colors.
- As an optional extension activity, have students research the coat of arms of a famous medieval figure or historical family, and share their findings with the class.
- Finally, discuss as a class how coat of arms are still used today, such as in corporate branding and sports team logos.
THE RUNDOWN
- Culture is crucial in understanding world history and shapes beliefs, values, and behavior.
- It brings diversity and can unite communities through shared beliefs, customs, and traditions.
- However, it has also been used as a tool for supremacy and domination, leading to conflicts and stagnation.
- Understanding culture is necessary to analyze the interplay of social, political, and economic forces that shape our world.
- Embracing culture can increase tolerance and empathy for cultural differences and promote a more equitable future.
- There is a shift in history towards foregrounding the experiences of marginalized groups to work towards a more equitable future.
- However, this approach must not overlook the agency of marginalized groups and should examine the viewpoints of all groups to avoid a skewed portrayal of the past.
ASSIGNMENTS
Remember all assignments, tests and quizzes must be submitted official via BLACKBOARD
- Forum Discussion #10
- QUIZ #3
Remember all assignments, tests and quizzes must be submitted official via BLACKBOARD
Forum Discussion #10
Sideprojects is a YouTube channel that explores interesting and unusual topics related to history, culture, and technology. The show is hosted by a narrator who presents the topic in an engaging and informative way, often incorporating humor and pop culture references. Watch this video and answer the following question:
Sideprojects is a YouTube channel that explores interesting and unusual topics related to history, culture, and technology. The show is hosted by a narrator who presents the topic in an engaging and informative way, often incorporating humor and pop culture references. Watch this video and answer the following question:
Which of the three structures discussed in the article - the Hagia Sophia, the Leaning Tower of Pisa, or the Porcelain Tower of Nanjing - do you find the most fascinating and why? Additionally, what other medieval structures do you believe should be included in a modern-day list of wonders, and why?
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THE RUNDOWN
Okay, imagine you're pondering the intricacies of ancient architecture while sipping a bourbon at your favorite dive bar. You start contemplating the seven wonders of the medieval world, an iconic list of man-made structures curated in the early 1900s. From the dusty catacombs of Alexandria, Egypt to the lush landscapes of England and China, these wonders range over a staggering 4,000 years of human history.
Now, let's take a deep dive into three of these epic constructions. First up is the Hagia Sophia, a majestic former mosque-turned-museum-turned-mosque-again, located in Turkey. This architectural masterpiece underwent a turbulent transformation in 2020 when President Erdogan gave it his blessing to revert to its original Islamic purpose. What's the symbolism behind this? Who knows, but it's a fascinating tale.
Next, we have the Leaning Tower of Pisa, a quirky freestanding bell tower that took almost two centuries to build. Despite its beauty and intricacy, what makes it famous is its four-degree tilt, caused by the unstable soil of the region. You can't help but wonder if it's defying the laws of gravity, or if it's just being stubborn.
Finally, there's the Porcelain Tower of Nanjing, a pagoda that was once a pinnacle of wonder and beauty in the world of architecture. Tragically, it was struck by lightning in 1801, causing the top four levels to crumble into dust. It's a reminder that even the most astounding structures can be at the mercy of nature's whims.
So, there you have it. Three incredible examples of human ingenuity and creativity, each with its own fascinating story to tell. Whether you're a history buff or just someone who appreciates a good bourbon, these wonders of the medieval world are definitely worth contemplating.
WORK CITED
Hey, welcome to the work cited section! Here's where you'll find all the heavy hitters that inspired the content you've just consumed. Some might think citations are as dull as unbuttered toast, but nothing gets my intellectual juices flowing like a good reference list. Don't get me wrong, just because we've cited a source; doesn't mean we're always going to see eye-to-eye. But that's the beauty of it - it's up to you to chew on the material and come to conclusions. Listen, we've gone to great lengths to ensure these citations are accurate, but let's face it, we're all human. So, give us a holler if you notice any mistakes or suggest more sources. We're always looking to up our game. Ultimately, it's all about pursuing knowledge and truth, my friends.
LEGAL MUMBO JUMBO
Need help? Remember the Discussion Board Rubric.
THE RUNDOWN
Okay, imagine you're pondering the intricacies of ancient architecture while sipping a bourbon at your favorite dive bar. You start contemplating the seven wonders of the medieval world, an iconic list of man-made structures curated in the early 1900s. From the dusty catacombs of Alexandria, Egypt to the lush landscapes of England and China, these wonders range over a staggering 4,000 years of human history.
Now, let's take a deep dive into three of these epic constructions. First up is the Hagia Sophia, a majestic former mosque-turned-museum-turned-mosque-again, located in Turkey. This architectural masterpiece underwent a turbulent transformation in 2020 when President Erdogan gave it his blessing to revert to its original Islamic purpose. What's the symbolism behind this? Who knows, but it's a fascinating tale.
Next, we have the Leaning Tower of Pisa, a quirky freestanding bell tower that took almost two centuries to build. Despite its beauty and intricacy, what makes it famous is its four-degree tilt, caused by the unstable soil of the region. You can't help but wonder if it's defying the laws of gravity, or if it's just being stubborn.
Finally, there's the Porcelain Tower of Nanjing, a pagoda that was once a pinnacle of wonder and beauty in the world of architecture. Tragically, it was struck by lightning in 1801, causing the top four levels to crumble into dust. It's a reminder that even the most astounding structures can be at the mercy of nature's whims.
So, there you have it. Three incredible examples of human ingenuity and creativity, each with its own fascinating story to tell. Whether you're a history buff or just someone who appreciates a good bourbon, these wonders of the medieval world are definitely worth contemplating.
WORK CITED
Hey, welcome to the work cited section! Here's where you'll find all the heavy hitters that inspired the content you've just consumed. Some might think citations are as dull as unbuttered toast, but nothing gets my intellectual juices flowing like a good reference list. Don't get me wrong, just because we've cited a source; doesn't mean we're always going to see eye-to-eye. But that's the beauty of it - it's up to you to chew on the material and come to conclusions. Listen, we've gone to great lengths to ensure these citations are accurate, but let's face it, we're all human. So, give us a holler if you notice any mistakes or suggest more sources. We're always looking to up our game. Ultimately, it's all about pursuing knowledge and truth, my friends.
- "The Importance of Culture in History." World History Edu, June 10, 2020. https://worldhistoryedu.com/the-importance-of-culture-in-history/.
- "The Role of Culture in Shaping Human Behavior." Psychology Today, September 21, 2015. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-nature-culture-interface/201509/the-role-culture-in-shaping-human-behavior.
- "Positive and Negative Effects of Culture." My Essay Point, November 4, 2015. https://myessaypoint.com/positive-and-negative-effects-of-culture.
- "Culture: Positive and Negative Aspects." Medium, August 6, 2019. https://medium.com/@saulo.torres/culture-positive-and-negative-aspects-47d559d6e30b.
- "Why Study Culture?" Cultural Survival, December 20, 2019. https://www.culturalsurvival.org/why-study-culture.
- "Why we need to stop venerating historical figures." The Guardian, June 17, 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/17/venerating-historical-figures-history-slavery-racism.
- "The Problem with Hero Worship in History." History Extra, August 28, 2020. https://www.historyextra.com/period/20th-century/problem-hero-worship-history-podcast/.
- "The Meaning and Use of Monuments in America." National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/national_cemeteries/meaning_use_monuments_America.html.
- "The Dark Side of Thomas Jefferson." The Atlantic, October 2015. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/10/thomas-jeffersons-dark-side/403065/.
- "The Myth of Christopher Columbus." History Today, October 2017. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/myth-christopher-columbus.
- "The Many Women of the Civil Rights Movement." Smithsonian Magazine, February 2018. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/many-women-civil-rights-movement-180967532/.
- Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877. New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2015.
- Loewen, James W. Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. New York: Touchstone, 2007.
- Roediger, David R. Seizing Freedom: Slave Emancipation and Liberty for All. New York: Verso, 2014.
- "The Importance of Culture in History." World History Edu. June 10, 2020. https://worldhistoryedu.com/the-importance-of-culture-in-history/.
- "The Role of Culture in Shaping Human Behavior." Psychology Today. September 21, 2015. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-nature-culture-interface/201509/the-role-culture-in-shaping-human-behavior.
- "Positive and Negative Effects of Culture." My Essay Point. November 4, 2015. https://myessaypoint.com/positive-and-negative-effects-of-culture.
- "Culture: Positive and Negative Aspects." Medium. August 6, 2019. https://medium.com/@saulo.torres/culture-positive-and-negative-aspects-47d559d6e30b.
- "Why Study Culture?" Cultural Survival. December 20, 2019. https://www.culturalsurvival.org/why-study-culture.
LEGAL MUMBO JUMBO
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