RPTM Podcast Episode Sixty One: Bridging the Gap

Earth's history is incredibly long, stretching back billions of years. Our planet was formed about 4.6 billion years ago, setting the stage for life and human civilization. Ancient oceans, mountains, and volcanoes played a big part in shaping the land in the United States, which has a fascinating geological history. Native Americans came to this land around 15,000 years ago, significantly influencing the nation's culture and traditions. Then, in the 16th century, Europeans arrived, which led to Native Americans being pushed out, and colonies were established that eventually became the United States. Over time, the U.S. became known for democracy, individual rights, and economic success, partly because of its abundant natural resources. However, the adverse effects of colonization, like the mistreatment of Native Americans, African slavery, and the use of resources, still affect the country today. Knowing this history is crucial for dealing with problems like social inequality and environmental issues.

The Earth's history is divided into periods like the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Eras. The Precambrian Era, which covers 90% of Earth's history, saw the beginnings of life and significant changes in the atmosphere. Studying this era helps us learn about where life came from and how North America's landscape was formed. The Paleozoic Era brought the evolution of plants and animals, the formation of supercontinents, and mass extinctions, all of which significantly impacted the U.S., shaping its land and the different types of living things here. The Mesozoic Era, known as the time of reptiles, shaped the eastern part of the U.S. and gives us clues about its geological history and the ancient creatures that lived there. Lastly, the Cenozoic Era, the age of mammals, led to diverse ecosystems, changes in climate, and people moving around, all of which teach us a lot about the nation's history, climate change, and the variety of life. Also, studying the Land Bridge, called Beringia, helps us understand how people settled in the Americas long ago, the development of different cultures, and how humans and the environment interacted.

Main Topics:​

• 2:13 Introduction
  
• 5:40 Precambrian Era
  
• 9:44 Paleozoic Era
  
• 16:27 Commercial Break
  
• 18:43 Mesozoic Era
  
• 25:02 Cenozoic Era
  
• 31:17 Land Bridge
  
• 35:47 Outro

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Hosts:

• Ryan Lancaster
• ​ARCHIE
• HILDY

Producer: Ryan Lancaster
Executive Producer: Ryan Lancaster
Sound Engineer: Ryan Lancaster
Editor: Ryan Lancaster
Theme Music Composer: Craig Riley
Artwork Design: Ryan Lancaster
Recorded at: Ryan Lancaster Studios

Email:
[email protected]
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Social Media:
Facebook: Ryan Lancaster
Instagram: ryan.g.lancaster
Twitter: @MayorMcSweet
YouTube: RyanGLancaster
Website: www. ryanglancaster.com​

Hey, welcome to the work cited section! Here's where you'll find all the heavy hitters that inspired the content you've just consumed. Some might think citations are as dull as unbuttered toast, but nothing gets my intellectual juices flowing like a good reference list. Don't get me wrong, just because we've cited a source; doesn't mean we're always going to see eye-to-eye. But that's the beauty of it - it's up to you to chew on the material and come to conclusions. Listen, we've gone to great lengths to ensure these citations are accurate, but let's face it, we're all human. So, give us a holler if you notice any mistakes or suggest more sources. We're always looking to up our game. Ultimately, it's all about pursuing knowledge and truth. ​​​

• Bakker, Robert T. The Dinosaur Heresies: New Theories Unlocking the Mystery of the Dinosaurs and Their Extinction. William Morrow & Co, 1986.
• Brusatte, Stephen L. The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs: A New History of a Lost World. William Morrow, 2018.
• Barnosky, Anthony D. Heatstroke: Nature in an Age of Global Warming. Island Press, 2019.
• Condie, Kent C. "Plate Tectonics and Crustal Evolution." Elsevier, 2018.
• Cronin, Thomas M. Paleoclimates: Understanding Climate Change Past and Present. Columbia University Press, 2010.
• Dixon, E. James. Quest for the Origins of the First Americans. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1993.
• Grotzinger, John P., et al. Understanding Earth. 7th ed., W.H. Freeman and Company, 2019.
• Hatcher, John Bell, et al. The Ceratopsia. U.S. Geological Survey, 1907.
• Justice, Noel D. Stone Age Spear and Arrow Points of the Midcontinental and Eastern United States: A Modern Survey and Reference. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.
• Kehoe, Thomas F. America Before the European Invasions. Rutledge, 2016.
• Levin, Harold L. The Earth Through Time. 11th ed., Wiley, 2017.
• MacFadden, Bruce J. Fossil Horses: Systematics, Paleobiology, and Evolution of the Family Equidae. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
• Prothero, Donald R. The Eocene-Oligocene Transition: Paradise Lost. Columbia University Press, 1994.
• Raup, David M. "Extinction: Bad Genes or Bad Luck?" W.W. Norton & Company, 1992.
• Thornton, Russell. American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History Since 1492. University of Oklahoma Press, 1987.
• Williams, Michael. Americans and Their Forests: A Historical Geography. Cambridge University Press, 2019.
• Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States. Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2015.

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